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BIOL1190 LAB > LAB2 > Flashcards

LAB2 Flashcards

1
Q

why do somatic cells reproduce?

A

GRR - growth, replacement, repair

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2
Q

what is interphase?

A

time at which cell grows size, carries out normal metabolic activities, prepares for cell division

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3
Q

what is cell division?

A

series of events leading to production of two identical daughter cells from one parent cell

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4
Q

what happens in G1?

A

cell grows and conducts normal cellular functions, cell prepares for cell division by duplicating most organelles and other cytoplasmic materials

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5
Q

what happens in S phase?

A

DNA is replicated

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6
Q

what happens in G2?

A

enzymes and other proteins that will aid in mitosis produced, centriole replication complete

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7
Q

what happens in G0?

A

non-dividing stage, can never be replaced if they die

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8
Q

what kind of cells replace the types of cells that need continuous replacement?

A

stem cells, which can continuously divide

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9
Q

what cells go into G0 phase?

A

neurons and skeletal muscle cells

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10
Q

what happens in prophase?

A
  • chromatin fibers condense into visible chromosomes
  • nucleolus disappears, nuclear envelope breaks down
  • centrioles pushed to opposite poles by lengthening microtubules
  • spindle fibers form and asters visible around centrioles
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11
Q

what happens in metaphase?

A

microtubules of spindle fibers align the centromeres of each pair of chromatids at metaphase plate

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12
Q

what happens in anaphase?

A
  • centromeres split and chromatids separate and move towards opposite poles
  • chromatids now considered separate chromosomes
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13
Q

what happens in telophase?

A
  • chromosomes at poles, uncoil into chromatin
  • nuclear envelope and nucleolus reappear
  • mitotic spindle break down
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14
Q

what happens in cytokinesis?

A

cleavage furrow during late anaphase grow as microfilaments contract and plasma membrane pushed inward until cytoplasm separated into two

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15
Q

what is the role of microtubules during prophase?

A

assembles and forms mitotic spindle that will later attach to kinetochores on the chromosomes

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16
Q

what is the role of microtubules during metaphase?

A

lengthen and align with centromeres of each chromatid pair at metaphase plate

17
Q

what is the role of microtubules during anaphase?

A

split centromeres, drag chromatids to opposite poles

18
Q

why do chromatin fibers condense before dividing?

A

to prevent tangling with itself when it moves around cell during mitosis

19
Q

what is a blastula?

A

embryonic stage of development that occurs shortly after fertilization when embryo is undergoing rapid cell division

20
Q

what is the plasma membrane?

A

physical barrier that surrounds each cell, separating it from environment and regulating which substances pass into and out of cell

21
Q

what is selective permeability?

A

the ability to regulate the passage of materials into and out of cell

22
Q

what is Brownian motion?

A

the ricocheting of molecules in gases and liquids off one another and changing direction with each collision due to kinetic energy that causes them to be in constant motion

23
Q

how is equilibrium caused by Brownian motion?

A

collisions between molecules cause them to spread out and eventually reach an equal distribution in a container

24
Q

what is diffusion?

A

movement of molecules from an area with high conc. of that molecule to an area of low conc of that molecule

25
Q

what is the driving force behind diffusion?

A

kinetic energy present in the molecules

26
Q

what variables cause diffusion?

A
  1. steepness of conc. gradient
  2. temperature
  3. mass/size of particles
  4. surface area
  5. distance of diffusion
  6. time
27
Q

what is osmosis?

A

type of simple diffusion where water moves across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of high conc. of water to an area of low conc. of water

28
Q

when does osmosis occur?

A

when a membrane is permeable to water but not to other substances present in the solution

29
Q

what is hemolysis?

A

water rushes into a red blood cell and causes it to burst

30
Q

what is crenation?

A

water rushes out of a red blood cell and causes it to shrink and shrivel up

31
Q

what is the positive result for starch using iodine as a reagent?

A

deep purple/blue colour

32
Q

what is the negative result for starch using iodine as a reagent?

A

yellow colour

33
Q

what is the positive result for Cl- ions using AgNO3 as reagent?

A

white ppt.

34
Q

what is the negative result for Cl- ions using AgNO3 as reagent?

A

no ppt. produced

35
Q

what is the positive result for glucose using glucose strips?

A

any yellow-green or brown colour

36
Q

what is the negative result for glucose using glucose strips?

A

aqua blue colour

BIOL1190 LAB (8 decks)

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