Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PTTutor Other Systems > Lab Values > Flashcards

Lab Values Flashcards

1
Q

What is the main purpose of knowing lab values?

A

Can be used as a screening tool for diabetes, kidney diseases, can indicate kidney failure, insulin shock, diabetic coma or respiratory distress.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the purpose of the sodium lab value?

A

It is the critical determinant of fluid volume in the body

“Sodium Swells”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the normal range for sodium?

A

136-145 mEq/L

Mnemonic: sODDium 1,3,5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the possible critical value for sodium?

A

<120 and >160

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the rehab consideration for sodium?

A

If it is REDUCED: cramps, weakness, confused. Meds: corticosteroids/ diuretics.
If it is ELEVATED: fluid retention, swelling, HTN, diabetes insípidos, pitting edema, dehydration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the purpose of the potassium lab value?

A

Function of excitable cells (nerves, muscles, heart)
P for Pump- potassium helps pump the heart muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the normal range for potassium?

A

3.5-5 mEq/L

Mnemonic: how many bananas do you usually buy at the store? 3-5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the possible critical value for potassium?

A

<2.5 and >6.5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the rehab considerations for potassium?

A

If it is REDUCED: hypokalemia: inverse T wave, U wave, arrhythmias (Potassium pumps. In this case Potassium pumps low. So, if it pumps to little the t wave will be low) tachycardia
If it is ELEVATED: hyperkalemia: Peaked T wave and ST segment (Potassium pups. So if it pumps too much then the t waves are peaked- deadly arrhythmias), bradycardia because the heart is pumping too much and its like a cramp- muscles can’t function right with too much pumping

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the purpose of the lab value for chloride?

A

Change in response to sodium and water
Helps to maintain the acid base balance in the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the normal range for chloride?

A

98-106 mEq/L

Mnemonic: hot tub temp?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the possible critical value for Chloride?

A

<80 or >115

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the rehab considerations for chloride?

A

If it is REDUCED: hypochloremia: hyponatremia, metabolic alkalosis, tetany, hypotension, hyper-excited muscles, hypo ventilation
If it is ELEVATED: hyperchloremia, hypernatremia, metabolic acidosis, hypernatremia, hyperventilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the purpose for the lab value of calcium?

A

To rule in or out kidney, bone disease, parathyroid hormone. Calcium contracts the muscles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the normal range for calcium?

A

9-11 mg/dl

Mnemonic: if lactose intolerant call 911 cuz Logan’s farts are nasty (calcium in milk)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the possible critical value for calcium?

A

<6 or >13

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the rehab considerations for calcium?

A

If it is REDUCED: paresthesias, spasms, seizures, QT INTERVAL PROLONGED, numbness in mouth and fingers
If it is ELEVATED: bradycardia, AV heart block, SHORT QT interval, coma, kidney stones, myeloma, fatigue, decreased tone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the purpose of the creatine lab value?

A

Elevated kidney functions and if there is normal waste product

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the normal range for creatine?

A

0.5-1.1

Mnemonic: it takes .5. Minutes to 1 hour to CREATE dinner

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the possible critical value for creatine?

A

> 4 indicating serious renal function impairment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the rehab considerations for creatine?

A

If it is REDUCED: reduced body mass, MD
If it is ELEVATED: decline in kidney function, rise in creatine level directly correlated with amount of nephron function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the purpose of the Blood Urine Nitrogen (BUN) lab value?

A

It evaluates the kidney and reflects the balance of nitrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the normal range for BUN?

A

10-20

Mnemonic: your buns are so big that 0-10 isn’t the best scale for it. You have to use 10-20 to rate it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the possible critical value for BUN?

A

> 100 which indicates seriously impaired renal function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are the rehab considerations for BUN?

A

If it is ELEVATED: decreased renal function, GI bleed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the importance of the magnesium lab value?

A

Regulation of excitable cells

Magnesium mellows the muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is the normal range for magnesium?

A

1.3-2.1

Mnemonic: magnums are 1.3-2x bigger than the penis. LMAOOOOO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is the possible critical value of magnesium?

A

<0.5 to >3.0

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What are the rehab considerations for magnesium?

A

If it is REDUCED: PROLONGED PR or QT INTERVALS, T wave flat/INVERTED, weak, muscles spasms, numbness, decreased in diabetes, DEADLY ARRHYTHMIAS, hyperrefleixa, increased DTRs, Vfib
If it is ELEVATED: weakness, respiratory failure, coma, paralysis, decreased DTR’s and hyporeflexia

Because magnesium mellows muscles- so if its high the muscles are mellowed and if its low its high mellow which means the muscles are excited.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is the purpose of the glucose lab value?

A

It is a diagnostic alternative in glucose homeostasis. MEASURE AT REST

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is the normal range for glucose?

A

70-110

Mnemonic: you get sugar from 7ELEVEN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What is the possible critical value for glucose?

A

<70 and >110

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What are the rehab considerations for Glucose?

A

<70 - give sugar
>180 with ketone bodies: NO EXERCISE
>300 with no ketone bodies: NO EXERCISE

Remember if they don’t have the presence of ketones and their glucose is >180 you can still exercise until you get to 300 without the presence of ketones.

“Hypogly the brain might die”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

How long must you fast to take the fasting blood glucose test?

A

At least 8 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What is the normal value for fasting blood glucose?

A

<100

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What is the critical value for fasting blood glucose?

A

> 100

37
Q

What is the rehab consideration for blood glucose?

A

Diabetes

38
Q

What is the purpose for testing A1C?

A

It evaluates the pt’s glycemic control over the past 3 months

39
Q

What is the normal range for A1C?

A

< or equal to 5.6%

40
Q

What is the possible critical value for A1C?

A

> 6.4%

41
Q

What are the rehab considerations for A1C?

A

Prediabetes: 5.7-6.4%

Diabetes: > or = to 6.5%

42
Q

What is the purpose of Red blood cells (Erythrocytes)?

A

Red blood count and how quickly RBC sink to the bottom. This is called Erythro sedimentation rate (ESR)

43
Q

What is the normal range for ESR?

A

< or = 20

44
Q

What is the possible critical value for ESR?

A

Disease worse as ESR increases. Disease is better as ESR disease decreases

45
Q

What are the rehab considerations for Erythrocytes (ESR)?

A

If it is DECREASED: anemia, hemorrhage, iron insufficiency, chemo, leukemia, endocarditis
If it is INCREASED: COPD, dehydration, diarrhea, poison, high altitude, chronic heart disease, polycythemia

46
Q

What is the purpose of the hematocrit lab value?

A

% of whole blood occupied by RBC and total blood volume

47
Q

What is the normal range for hematocrit?

A

Men: 42-52%

Women: 37-48

48
Q

What is the possible critical value for hematocrit?

A

> 60% blood clots, endurance impaired
<25% NO EXERCISE

49
Q

What are the rehab considerations for Hematocrit?

A

If it is DECREASED: anemia, hemorrhage, folate, iron deficiency,B12 deficiency, leukemia, hyperthyroidism, burns
If it is INCREASED: polycythemia, dehydration, shock, burns, cor pulmonale

50
Q

What is the purpose of the hemoglobin lab value?

A

Measure O2 carrying capacity of RBC

51
Q

What is the normal range for hemoglobin?

A

Men: 13-18
Women 12-16

52
Q

What is the possible critical value for hemoglobin?

A

> 20 clog
8-10 light exercise
<8 NO EXERCISE

Below 8, to late- below 7 sends your patient to heaven.

53
Q

What are the rehab considerations for hemoglobin?

A

If it is DECREASED: sickle cell disease, pregnancy, hyperthyroidism, cirrhosis, burns, systemic disease
If it is INCREASED, high altitude, COPD, CHF, dehydrated, polycythemia

54
Q

What is the purpose of platelet (thrombocytes) lab value?

A

Measures clotting potential

55
Q

What is the normal range for platelets (Thrombocytes)?

A

150,000 - 450,000

Mnemonic: wedding plates cost 150-450

56
Q

What is the possible critical value for platelets (Thrombocytes)?

A
  1. > 450,000 monitor for venous TE
  2. 50,000-150,000 some limit
  3. 30-50,000 moderate limits
  4. 20-30,000 light exercise
  5. <20,000 NO EXERCISE
57
Q

What are the rehab considerations for platelets (Thrombocytes)?

A

If it is DECREASED: Bone marrow failed, hemorrhage, pneumonia, HIV, cancer
If it is INCREASED: inflammation, infection, cancer, RA

58
Q

What is the purpose of leukocytes (WBC’s)?

A

Fight infections and react against foreign body tissue

59
Q

What is the normal range for Leukocytes (WBC’s)?

A

5,000- 10,000

60
Q

What are the possible critical values for leukocytes (WBC’s)?

A
  1. > 10,000 leukocytosis, early morning it is low and later it peaks. Exercise is symptom based
  2. <4,000 leukopenia, symptom based. IF Pt HAS FEVER, DO NOT EXERCISE
  3. <1,500 neutropenia, NO EXERCISE
61
Q

What are the rehab considerations for leukocytes (WBC’s)?

A

If it is DECREASED: infection, bone marrow is suppressed, AIDS, alcoholism, diabetes, autoimmune
If it is INCREASED: infection, leukemia, tissue necrosis, burn, thyroid storm, dehydrated

62
Q

What are the different white blood cells?

A

“Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas”
Neutrophils, Lymphocytes, Monocytes, Esophilis, Basophils
And their ranges are from greatest to least with this mnemonic

63
Q

What is the importance of neutrophils?

A

Defense against foreign substances usually bacterial infections

64
Q

What is the normal range for neutrophils?

A

60 (greatest)

65
Q

What is the importance of lymphocytes?

A

Produce antibodies, fight tumors, respond to viral infections

66
Q

What is the normal range for lymphocytes?

A

30

67
Q

What is the importance of monocytes?

A

They clean up debris after neutrophils

68
Q

What is the normal range for monocytes?

A

6

69
Q

What is the importance of esophils?

A

They attack parasites and play a role in asthma and allergies

70
Q

What is the normal range for esophils?

A

3

71
Q

What is the importance of Basophils?

A

They release histamine during allergic reactions

72
Q

What is the normal range for basophils?

A

1

73
Q

What is the importance of the INR lab value?

A

Tells us how quickly a person coagulates with standard stimulus.

74
Q

What is the normal value for INR?

A

0.9-1.1

Mnemonic: if their INR elevates call 911

75
Q

What is the critical value for INR?

A

2-3 anticoagulation meds

Critical value: >5.5

76
Q

What are the rehab considerations for INR?

A

If INCREASED: risk of bleeding with trauma

Pulmonary embolism range: 2.5-3.5

77
Q

What is the importance of prothrombin time?

A

It also determines coaguability

78
Q

What is the normal range for prothrombin time?

A

11-12.5

79
Q

What is the possible critical value for Prothrombin time?

A

> 20

80
Q

What are the rehab considerations for prothrombin time?

A

If the values are critical- contact MD

81
Q

What are the components of a full lipid profile?

A

Total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, Triglycerides

82
Q

What is the range for total cholesterol?

A

<200

83
Q

What is the range for LDL?

A

<160

84
Q

What is the range for HDL?

A

Women: >50
Men: >40

85
Q

What is the range for triglycerides?

A

<150

86
Q

Full lipid profile hack

A

When you add women value for HDL and triglycerides it = 200

And when you add LDL value and men HDL value it also equals 200

87
Q

What are the special tests for low calcium?

A
  1. Trousseau’s test: twerking arm when BP cuff is on
  2. Chvosteks test: stroking the side of face causes smile
88
Q

What are the signs of high calcium?

A

Stones, moans, groans
1. Kidney stones
2. Constipation

PTTutor Other Systems (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions