Lab Three: The Integumentary System Flashcards
What are the two main components of the skin?
Epidermis and Dermis
Name the 5 layers of the Epidermis (superficial to deep):
- Stratum corneum
- Stratum lucidum
- Stratum granulosum
- Stratum spinosum
- Stratum germinativum
What layer of the epidermis has stratified squamous?
Stratum corneum
What layer of the epidermis is found only in thick epidermis (palms and feet)?
Stratum Lucidum
What layer of the epidermis contains cells with granules and provides waterproofing?
Stratum Granulosum
What layer of the epidermis when stained, looks like spines?
Stratum Spinosum
What layer of the epidermis contains stem cells that replenish cells as superficial layers slough off?
Stratum germinativum (Basale)
What is the base layer of the epidermis?
Stratum germinativum
What kind of special cells is located in the Stratum Germinativum that dictates the color of skin?
melanocytes
What do melanocytes produce?
melanin
What does melanin absorb?
UV radiation
What does pale ivory skin mean in terms of melanocyte activity?
There is low melanocytes activity
What does dark ebony skin mean in terms of melanocytes activity?
High melanocytes activity
For those with low melanocytes activity, skin color is determined by these two factors:
Carotene and Dermal Blood Supply
Carotene
orange pigment
Dermal blood supply
rosy appearance
How is the epidermis secured to the dermis (it acts as a lock)? (2)
Epidermal Ridges
Dermal Papillae
Where are epidermal ridges and dermal papillae more prevalent?
Areas with high frictional stress (sole of feet and finger tips)
What may cause the epidermis and dermis to separate from the lock?
Excessive friction
How is a blister formed?
When there is excessive friction between the epidermal ridges and dermal papillae that they separate and fill the space with interstitial fluid
Epidermal ridges that extend into the stratum corneum are knows as…..
fingerprints
What is the biological function of the epidermal ridges?
increased grip
Where is the dermis located?
below the epidermis
What is found in the dermis? (6)
- Blood Vessels
- Nerves
- Sensory Receptors
- Extracellular Fibers
- Hair Follicles
- Glands
What acronym can help you remember the layers of the epidermis?
Can Lucy Get Some Gum
Blood Vessels (arteries and veins) are divided by location: (2)
superficial and deep
What three specialized sensory receptors do nerves interpret information from?
- Meissner’s corpuscles
- Pacinian corpuscles
- Merkel cells
Meissner’s corpuscles senses _______ pressure
light
Pacinian corpuscles senses ________ pressure
heavy
Merkel cells senses….
soft touch or stroke
What are the two extracellular fibers?
Collagen and Elastin
Collagen provides……
strength
Elastin provides….
stretch
Hair and nails are compromised by what protein?
Keratin
What is the function of the hair and nails within the integumentary system?
Protection
typically long and thick, these hairs are found on the head, eyebrows, eyelashes, and pubic regions
Terminal Hair
typically short and thin, these hairs compromise most (75%) of the hair on the body
Vellus Hair
Lifts the hair shaft upon nervous stimulation, which increases skin sensitivity
Arrector pili muscle
vascular structure that provides nutrients
Papilla
Location of new hair growth
Matrix
When you hear the word nutrients what should you assume is involved?
a blood supply
Hair shaft layers (superficial to deep) - 3:
- Cuticle
- Cortex
- Medulla
mitotically active zone of nail growth
Nail Matrix
newly formed and undifferentiated white cells of nail body
Lunula
epidermal cells dragged forward along the body as the nail grows, otherwise knows as the cuticle
Eponychium
epidermal cells dragged beneath the body as the nail grows
Hyponychium
Where are Secretory glands located?
Dermis
What are the four types of glands in the dermis?
- Sudoriferous Glands
- Sebaceous Glands
- Ceruminous Glands
- Mammary Glands
What gland produces watery secretion called sweat?
Sudoriferous
What are the two types of Sudoriferous Glands?
Eccrine and Apocrine
What type of Sudoriferous Gland is found abundantly across the body and excretes mostly water?
Eccrine Sudoriferous Gland
What type of Sudoriferous Gland is found in the armpits, groin, and surrounding the nipples, this gland produces a more concentrated secretion?
Apocrine Sudoriferous Glands
What type of gland produces oily secretion called sebum and is typically associated with hair follicles?
Sebaceous Glands
What type of gland produces waxy secretion called cerumen and is found exclusively in the ear?
Ceruminous Glands
What gland produces milk and is found in the breast but only active in pregnant and nursing women
Mammary Glands
watery secretion
sweat
oily secretion
sebum
waxy secretion
cerumen
What is the function of secretions? (3)
- Cool the skin
- Lubricate the skin
- Protect the skin
What type of tissue is the hypodermis considered?
Connective Tissue
Where is the hypodermis located?
below the dermis
What is the shape on the hypodermis?
Thick but varies from person to person
What type of burn is only on the epidermis?
EX: sunburn
First Degree
What type of burn is on both the Epidermis and Dermis and is the most painful due to pain receptors?
Second Degree
What type of burn is on the Epidermis, Dermis, and Hypodermis and is painless because of the complete destruction of pain receptors?
Third Degree
What is a way to quickly estimate the % of the body that is burned?
The Rule of 9’s