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Anatomy 214L > Lab Three: The Integumentary System > Flashcards

Lab Three: The Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two main components of the skin?

A

Epidermis and Dermis

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2
Q

Name the 5 layers of the Epidermis (superficial to deep):

A
  1. Stratum corneum
  2. Stratum lucidum
  3. Stratum granulosum
  4. Stratum spinosum
  5. Stratum germinativum
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3
Q

What layer of the epidermis has stratified squamous?

A

Stratum corneum

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4
Q

What layer of the epidermis is found only in thick epidermis (palms and feet)?

A

Stratum Lucidum

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5
Q

What layer of the epidermis contains cells with granules and provides waterproofing?

A

Stratum Granulosum

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6
Q

What layer of the epidermis when stained, looks like spines?

A

Stratum Spinosum

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7
Q

What layer of the epidermis contains stem cells that replenish cells as superficial layers slough off?

A

Stratum germinativum (Basale)

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8
Q

What is the base layer of the epidermis?

A

Stratum germinativum

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9
Q

What kind of special cells is located in the Stratum Germinativum that dictates the color of skin?

A

melanocytes

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10
Q

What do melanocytes produce?

A

melanin

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11
Q

What does melanin absorb?

A

UV radiation

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12
Q

What does pale ivory skin mean in terms of melanocyte activity?

A

There is low melanocytes activity

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13
Q

What does dark ebony skin mean in terms of melanocytes activity?

A

High melanocytes activity

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14
Q

For those with low melanocytes activity, skin color is determined by these two factors:

A

Carotene and Dermal Blood Supply

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15
Q

Carotene

A

orange pigment

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16
Q

Dermal blood supply

A

rosy appearance

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17
Q

How is the epidermis secured to the dermis (it acts as a lock)? (2)

A

Epidermal Ridges
Dermal Papillae

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18
Q

Where are epidermal ridges and dermal papillae more prevalent?

A

Areas with high frictional stress (sole of feet and finger tips)

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19
Q

What may cause the epidermis and dermis to separate from the lock?

A

Excessive friction

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20
Q

How is a blister formed?

A

When there is excessive friction between the epidermal ridges and dermal papillae that they separate and fill the space with interstitial fluid

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21
Q

Epidermal ridges that extend into the stratum corneum are knows as…..

A

fingerprints

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22
Q

What is the biological function of the epidermal ridges?

A

increased grip

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23
Q

Where is the dermis located?

A

below the epidermis

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24
Q

What is found in the dermis? (6)

A
  1. Blood Vessels
  2. Nerves
  3. Sensory Receptors
  4. Extracellular Fibers
  5. Hair Follicles
  6. Glands
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25
What acronym can help you remember the layers of the epidermis?
Can Lucy Get Some Gum
26
Blood Vessels (arteries and veins) are divided by location: (2)
superficial and deep
27
What three specialized sensory receptors do nerves interpret information from?
1. Meissner’s corpuscles 2. Pacinian corpuscles 3. Merkel cells
28
Meissner’s corpuscles senses _______ pressure
light
29
Pacinian corpuscles senses ________ pressure
heavy
30
Merkel cells senses….
soft touch or stroke
31
What are the two extracellular fibers?
Collagen and Elastin
32
Collagen provides……
strength
33
Elastin provides….
stretch
34
Hair and nails are compromised by what protein?
Keratin
35
What is the function of the hair and nails within the integumentary system?
Protection
36
typically long and thick, these hairs are found on the head, eyebrows, eyelashes, and pubic regions
Terminal Hair
37
typically short and thin, these hairs compromise most (75%) of the hair on the body
Vellus Hair
38
Lifts the hair shaft upon nervous stimulation, which increases skin sensitivity
Arrector pili muscle
39
vascular structure that provides nutrients
Papilla
40
Location of new hair growth
Matrix
41
When you hear the word nutrients what should you assume is involved?
a blood supply
42
Hair shaft layers (superficial to deep) - 3:
1. Cuticle 2. Cortex 3. Medulla
43
mitotically active zone of nail growth
Nail Matrix
44
newly formed and undifferentiated white cells of nail body
Lunula
45
epidermal cells dragged forward along the body as the nail grows, otherwise knows as the cuticle
Eponychium
46
epidermal cells dragged beneath the body as the nail grows
Hyponychium
47
Where are Secretory glands located?
Dermis
48
What are the four types of glands in the dermis?
1. Sudoriferous Glands 2. Sebaceous Glands 3. Ceruminous Glands 4. Mammary Glands
49
What gland produces watery secretion called sweat?
Sudoriferous
50
What are the two types of Sudoriferous Glands?
Eccrine and Apocrine
51
What type of Sudoriferous Gland is found abundantly across the body and excretes mostly water?
Eccrine Sudoriferous Gland
52
What type of Sudoriferous Gland is found in the armpits, groin, and surrounding the nipples, this gland produces a more concentrated secretion?
Apocrine Sudoriferous Glands
53
What type of gland produces oily secretion called sebum and is typically associated with hair follicles?
Sebaceous Glands
54
What type of gland produces waxy secretion called cerumen and is found exclusively in the ear?
Ceruminous Glands
55
What gland produces milk and is found in the breast but only active in pregnant and nursing women
Mammary Glands
56
watery secretion
sweat
57
oily secretion
sebum
58
waxy secretion
cerumen
59
What is the function of secretions? (3)
1. Cool the skin 2. Lubricate the skin 3. Protect the skin
60
What type of tissue is the hypodermis considered?
Connective Tissue
61
Where is the hypodermis located?
below the dermis
62
What is the shape on the hypodermis?
Thick but varies from person to person
63
What type of burn is only on the epidermis? EX: sunburn
First Degree
64
What type of burn is on both the Epidermis and Dermis and is the most painful due to pain receptors?
Second Degree
65
What type of burn is on the Epidermis, Dermis, and Hypodermis and is painless because of the complete destruction of pain receptors?
Third Degree
66
What is a way to quickly estimate the % of the body that is burned?
The Rule of 9’s

Anatomy 214L (9 decks)

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