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Anatomy 214L > Lab Three: The Integumentary System > Flashcards

Lab Three: The Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two main components of the skin?

A

Epidermis and Dermis

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2
Q

Name the 5 layers of the Epidermis (superficial to deep):

A
  1. Stratum corneum
  2. Stratum lucidum
  3. Stratum granulosum
  4. Stratum spinosum
  5. Stratum germinativum
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3
Q

What layer of the epidermis has stratified squamous?

A

Stratum corneum

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4
Q

What layer of the epidermis is found only in thick epidermis (palms and feet)?

A

Stratum Lucidum

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5
Q

What layer of the epidermis contains cells with granules and provides waterproofing?

A

Stratum Granulosum

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6
Q

What layer of the epidermis when stained, looks like spines?

A

Stratum Spinosum

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7
Q

What layer of the epidermis contains stem cells that replenish cells as superficial layers slough off?

A

Stratum germinativum (Basale)

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8
Q

What is the base layer of the epidermis?

A

Stratum germinativum

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9
Q

What kind of special cells is located in the Stratum Germinativum that dictates the color of skin?

A

melanocytes

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10
Q

What do melanocytes produce?

A

melanin

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11
Q

What does melanin absorb?

A

UV radiation

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12
Q

What does pale ivory skin mean in terms of melanocyte activity?

A

There is low melanocytes activity

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13
Q

What does dark ebony skin mean in terms of melanocytes activity?

A

High melanocytes activity

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14
Q

For those with low melanocytes activity, skin color is determined by these two factors:

A

Carotene and Dermal Blood Supply

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15
Q

Carotene

A

orange pigment

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16
Q

Dermal blood supply

A

rosy appearance

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17
Q

How is the epidermis secured to the dermis (it acts as a lock)? (2)

A

Epidermal Ridges
Dermal Papillae

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18
Q

Where are epidermal ridges and dermal papillae more prevalent?

A

Areas with high frictional stress (sole of feet and finger tips)

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19
Q

What may cause the epidermis and dermis to separate from the lock?

A

Excessive friction

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20
Q

How is a blister formed?

A

When there is excessive friction between the epidermal ridges and dermal papillae that they separate and fill the space with interstitial fluid

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21
Q

Epidermal ridges that extend into the stratum corneum are knows as…..

A

fingerprints

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22
Q

What is the biological function of the epidermal ridges?

A

increased grip

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23
Q

Where is the dermis located?

A

below the epidermis

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24
Q

What is found in the dermis? (6)

A
  1. Blood Vessels
  2. Nerves
  3. Sensory Receptors
  4. Extracellular Fibers
  5. Hair Follicles
  6. Glands
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25
Q

What acronym can help you remember the layers of the epidermis?

A

Can Lucy Get Some Gum

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26
Q

Blood Vessels (arteries and veins) are divided by location: (2)

A

superficial and deep

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27
Q

What three specialized sensory receptors do nerves interpret information from?

A
  1. Meissner’s corpuscles
  2. Pacinian corpuscles
  3. Merkel cells
28
Q

Meissner’s corpuscles senses _______ pressure

A

light

29
Q

Pacinian corpuscles senses ________ pressure

A

heavy

30
Q

Merkel cells senses….

A

soft touch or stroke

31
Q

What are the two extracellular fibers?

A

Collagen and Elastin

32
Q

Collagen provides……

A

strength

33
Q

Elastin provides….

A

stretch

34
Q

Hair and nails are compromised by what protein?

A

Keratin

35
Q

What is the function of the hair and nails within the integumentary system?

A

Protection

36
Q

typically long and thick, these hairs are found on the head, eyebrows, eyelashes, and pubic regions

A

Terminal Hair

37
Q

typically short and thin, these hairs compromise most (75%) of the hair on the body

A

Vellus Hair

38
Q

Lifts the hair shaft upon nervous stimulation, which increases skin sensitivity

A

Arrector pili muscle

39
Q

vascular structure that provides nutrients

A

Papilla

40
Q

Location of new hair growth

A

Matrix

41
Q

When you hear the word nutrients what should you assume is involved?

A

a blood supply

42
Q

Hair shaft layers (superficial to deep) - 3:

A
  1. Cuticle
  2. Cortex
  3. Medulla
43
Q

mitotically active zone of nail growth

A

Nail Matrix

44
Q

newly formed and undifferentiated white cells of nail body

A

Lunula

45
Q

epidermal cells dragged forward along the body as the nail grows, otherwise knows as the cuticle

A

Eponychium

46
Q

epidermal cells dragged beneath the body as the nail grows

A

Hyponychium

47
Q

Where are Secretory glands located?

A

Dermis

48
Q

What are the four types of glands in the dermis?

A
  1. Sudoriferous Glands
  2. Sebaceous Glands
  3. Ceruminous Glands
  4. Mammary Glands
49
Q

What gland produces watery secretion called sweat?

A

Sudoriferous

50
Q

What are the two types of Sudoriferous Glands?

A

Eccrine and Apocrine

51
Q

What type of Sudoriferous Gland is found abundantly across the body and excretes mostly water?

A

Eccrine Sudoriferous Gland

52
Q

What type of Sudoriferous Gland is found in the armpits, groin, and surrounding the nipples, this gland produces a more concentrated secretion?

A

Apocrine Sudoriferous Glands

53
Q

What type of gland produces oily secretion called sebum and is typically associated with hair follicles?

A

Sebaceous Glands

54
Q

What type of gland produces waxy secretion called cerumen and is found exclusively in the ear?

A

Ceruminous Glands

55
Q

What gland produces milk and is found in the breast but only active in pregnant and nursing women

A

Mammary Glands

56
Q

watery secretion

A

sweat

57
Q

oily secretion

A

sebum

58
Q

waxy secretion

A

cerumen

59
Q

What is the function of secretions? (3)

A
  1. Cool the skin
  2. Lubricate the skin
  3. Protect the skin
60
Q

What type of tissue is the hypodermis considered?

A

Connective Tissue

61
Q

Where is the hypodermis located?

A

below the dermis

62
Q

What is the shape on the hypodermis?

A

Thick but varies from person to person

63
Q

What type of burn is only on the epidermis?
EX: sunburn

A

First Degree

64
Q

What type of burn is on both the Epidermis and Dermis and is the most painful due to pain receptors?

A

Second Degree

65
Q

What type of burn is on the Epidermis, Dermis, and Hypodermis and is painless because of the complete destruction of pain receptors?

A

Third Degree

66
Q

What is a way to quickly estimate the % of the body that is burned?

A

The Rule of 9’s

Anatomy 214L (9 decks)

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