Chapter Four: Axial Skeleton

Question 1

How many bones are in the adult human body?

Answer 1

206

Question 2

How many bones are a part of the Axial skeleton?

Answer 2

80

Question 3

How many bones are a part of the Appendicular skeleton?

Answer 3

126

Question 4

What are the 5 bone classifications?

Answer 4

• flat
• long
• short
• sesamoid (like a seed)
• irregular

Question 5

Bone markings are divided into these two landmark categories:

Answer 5

Depressions and Projections

Question 6

Projections usually serve as attachment points for both _______ and _________

Answer 6

Ligaments and Tendons

Question 7

Name the two bone types within Internal Structure:

Answer 7

Spongy and Compact

Question 8

Trabeculae - better manage stress from multiple directions

Answer 8

Spongy Bone

Question 9

Load Bearing - densely packed hydroxyapatite

Answer 9

Compact Bone

Question 10

Located in the bone cavities, what is the site of RBC production?

Answer 10

Red Marrow

Question 11

Located in the bone cavities, what is filled with adipose?

Answer 11

Yellow Marrow

Question 12

What is the basic structural unit for Bone (Osseous) Tissues?

Answer 12

Osteon

Question 13

This canal contains nerves and vasculature:

Answer 13

Central Canal

Question 14

What are the pockets in Cocentric Lamellae and what type of cells do they contain?

Answer 14

Lacuna contains osteocytes

Question 15

Lacuna are connected to Central Canal via…

Answer 15

Canaliculi

Question 16

Bone growth occurs between the ___________ and the __________

Answer 16

Diaphysis and Epiphysis

Question 17

Where does bone growth take place?

Answer 17

Epiphyseal Plate

Question 18

Epiphyseal plate contains _______ until growth is complete

Answer 18

Cartilage

Question 19

Cartilage growth occurs on the _______ end of the place while bone is added ____________

Answer 19

Distal
Medially

Question 20

Does the Diaphysis or Epiphysis lengthen?

Answer 20

Diaphysis

Question 21

When growth is complete, the plate becomes the:

Answer 21

Epiphyseal Line

Question 22

What are the three types of Skeleton Cartilage?

Answer 22

Hyaline Cartilage
Fibrocartilage
Elastic Cartilage

Question 23

What type of Skeletal Cartilage?
- most abundant
- covers articulating surfaces
- flexible

Answer 23

Hyaline Cartilage

Question 24

What type of Skeleton Cartilage?
- stiff and tough; absorbs force
- found in intervertebral discs and meniscus

Answer 24

Fibrocartilage

Question 25

What kind of Skeletal Cartilage? - least abundant - most flexible - found in ear and epiglottis

Answer 25

Elastic Cartilage

Question 26

Name the four types of bones within the Cephalic region:

Answer 26

1. Cranial 2. Facial 3. Auditory Ossicles 4. Hyoid

Question 27

How many Cranial bones are in the Cephalic region?

Answer 27

8

Question 28

How many Facial bones are in the Cephalic region?

Answer 28

14

Question 29

How many Auditory Ossicles are in the Cephalic region?

Answer 29

6

Question 30

How many Hyoid bones are in the Cephalic region?

Answer 30

1

Question 31

What two types of bones are within the Thoracic Cage? (axial)

Answer 31

Ribs and Sternum

Question 32

Name the three types of ribs:

Answer 32

- True Ribs - False Ribs - Floating Ribs

Question 33

How many true ribs are there?

Answer 33

14

Question 34

How many false ribs are there?

Answer 34

10

Question 35

How many of the false ribs are floating ribs?

Answer 35

4

Question 36

What three things make up the Vertebral Column?

Answer 36

- Vertebrae - Sacrum - Coccyx

Question 37

What are the three types of Vertebrae?

Answer 37

- Cervical - Thoracic - Lumbar

Question 38

How many Cervical vertebrae are there?

Answer 38

7

Question 39

How many Thoracic vertebrae are there?

Answer 39

12

Question 40

How many Lumbar vertebrae are there?

Answer 40

5

Question 41

What part of the Axial Skeleton? - floats at the level of cervical vertebrae 3 - does not articulate other bones - attached by ligaments from Styloid and hangs like a swing - Serves as attachment site for other muscles

Answer 41

Hyoid

Question 42

Cornu =

Answer 42

Horn

Question 43

What is the C1 called?

Answer 43

Atlas

Question 44

What is the C2 called?

Answer 44

Axis

Question 45

What type of vertebrae? - large vertebral foramina - transverse foramen - bifid spinous process (vertical angle) - small body

Answer 45

Cervical

Question 46

What type of vertebrae? - medium size body - costal facets that articulate with ribs - vertically angled spinous process

Answer 46

Thoracic

Question 47

What type of vertebrae? - large bodies - more horizontal spinous process - triangular vertebral foramen

Answer 47

Lumbar

Question 48

S1-5 and CO are what two things?

Answer 48

Sacrum and Coccyx

Question 49

Sacrum is ___ fused vertebrae

Answer 49

5

Question 50

Coccyx is ______ fused vertebrae

Answer 50

3-5

Question 51

Abnormal Lateral Curvature

Answer 51

Scoliosis

Question 52

Exaggerated Thoracic Curvature

Answer 52

Kyphosis

Question 53

Exaggerated Lumbar Curvature

Answer 53

Lordosis

Question 54

What protects vital thoracic organs?

Answer 54

Thoracic Cage

Question 55

What are the three parts of the Sternum that are fused together?

Answer 55

1. Manubrium 2. Body 3. Xiphoid

Question 56

Ribs are attached to the Sternum via:

Answer 56

Costal Cartilages

Question 57

What type of vertebrae?

Answer 57

Cervical

Question 58

What type of vertebrae?

Answer 58

Thoracic

Question 59

What kind of vertebrae?

Answer 59

Lumbar