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Anatomy 214L > Chapter Four: Axial Skeleton > Flashcards

Chapter Four: Axial Skeleton Flashcards

1
Q

How many bones are in the adult human body?

A

206

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2
Q

How many bones are a part of the Axial skeleton?

A

80

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3
Q

How many bones are a part of the Appendicular skeleton?

A

126

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4
Q

What are the 5 bone classifications?

A
  • flat
  • long
  • short
  • sesamoid (like a seed)
  • irregular
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5
Q

Bone markings are divided into these two landmark categories:

A

Depressions and Projections

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6
Q

Projections usually serve as attachment points for both _______ and _________

A

Ligaments and Tendons

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7
Q

Name the two bone types within Internal Structure:

A

Spongy and Compact

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8
Q

Trabeculae - better manage stress from multiple directions

A

Spongy Bone

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9
Q

Load Bearing - densely packed hydroxyapatite

A

Compact Bone

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10
Q

Located in the bone cavities, what is the site of RBC production?

A

Red Marrow

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11
Q

Located in the bone cavities, what is filled with adipose?

A

Yellow Marrow

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12
Q

What is the basic structural unit for Bone (Osseous) Tissues?

A

Osteon

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13
Q

This canal contains nerves and vasculature:

A

Central Canal

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14
Q

What are the pockets in Cocentric Lamellae and what type of cells do they contain?

A

Lacuna contains osteocytes

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15
Q

Lacuna are connected to Central Canal via…

A

Canaliculi

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16
Q

Bone growth occurs between the ___________ and the __________

A

Diaphysis and Epiphysis

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17
Q

Where does bone growth take place?

A

Epiphyseal Plate

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18
Q

Epiphyseal plate contains _______ until growth is complete

A

Cartilage

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19
Q

Cartilage growth occurs on the _______ end of the place while bone is added ____________

A

Distal
Medially

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20
Q

Does the Diaphysis or Epiphysis lengthen?

A

Diaphysis

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21
Q

When growth is complete, the plate becomes the:

A

Epiphyseal Line

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22
Q

What are the three types of Skeleton Cartilage?

A

Hyaline Cartilage
Fibrocartilage
Elastic Cartilage

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23
Q

What type of Skeletal Cartilage?
- most abundant
- covers articulating surfaces
- flexible

A

Hyaline Cartilage

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24
Q

What type of Skeleton Cartilage?
- stiff and tough; absorbs force
- found in intervertebral discs and meniscus

A

Fibrocartilage

25
Q

What kind of Skeletal Cartilage?
- least abundant
- most flexible
- found in ear and epiglottis

A

Elastic Cartilage

26
Q

Name the four types of bones within the Cephalic region:

A
  1. Cranial
  2. Facial
  3. Auditory Ossicles
  4. Hyoid
27
Q

How many Cranial bones are in the Cephalic region?

A

8

28
Q

How many Facial bones are in the Cephalic region?

A

14

29
Q

How many Auditory Ossicles are in the Cephalic region?

A

6

30
Q

How many Hyoid bones are in the Cephalic region?

A

1

31
Q

What two types of bones are within the Thoracic Cage? (axial)

A

Ribs and Sternum

32
Q

Name the three types of ribs:

A
  • True Ribs
  • False Ribs
  • Floating Ribs
33
Q

How many true ribs are there?

A

14

34
Q

How many false ribs are there?

A

10

35
Q

How many of the false ribs are floating ribs?

A

4

36
Q

What three things make up the Vertebral Column?

A
  • Vertebrae
  • Sacrum
  • Coccyx
37
Q

What are the three types of Vertebrae?

A
  • Cervical
  • Thoracic
  • Lumbar
38
Q

How many Cervical vertebrae are there?

A

7

39
Q

How many Thoracic vertebrae are there?

A

12

40
Q

How many Lumbar vertebrae are there?

A

5

41
Q

What part of the Axial Skeleton?
- floats at the level of cervical vertebrae 3
- does not articulate other bones
- attached by ligaments from Styloid and hangs like a swing
- Serves as attachment site for other muscles

A

Hyoid

42
Q

Cornu =

A

Horn

43
Q

What is the C1 called?

A

Atlas

44
Q

What is the C2 called?

A

Axis

45
Q

What type of vertebrae?
- large vertebral foramina
- transverse foramen
- bifid spinous process (vertical angle)
- small body

A

Cervical

46
Q

What type of vertebrae?
- medium size body
- costal facets that articulate with ribs
- vertically angled spinous process

A

Thoracic

47
Q

What type of vertebrae?
- large bodies
- more horizontal spinous process
- triangular vertebral foramen

A

Lumbar

48
Q

S1-5 and CO are what two things?

A

Sacrum and Coccyx

49
Q

Sacrum is ___ fused vertebrae

A

5

50
Q

Coccyx is ______ fused vertebrae

A

3-5

51
Q

Abnormal Lateral Curvature

A

Scoliosis

52
Q

Exaggerated Thoracic Curvature

A

Kyphosis

53
Q

Exaggerated Lumbar Curvature

A

Lordosis

54
Q

What protects vital thoracic organs?

A

Thoracic Cage

55
Q

What are the three parts of the Sternum that are fused together?

A
  1. Manubrium
  2. Body
  3. Xiphoid
56
Q

Ribs are attached to the Sternum via:

A

Costal Cartilages

57
Q

What type of vertebrae?

A

Cervical

58
Q

What type of vertebrae?

A

Thoracic

59
Q

What kind of vertebrae?

A

Lumbar

Anatomy 214L (9 decks)

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