Chapter Four: Axial Skeleton Flashcards
How many bones are in the adult human body?
206
How many bones are a part of the Axial skeleton?
80
How many bones are a part of the Appendicular skeleton?
126
What are the 5 bone classifications?
- flat
- long
- short
- sesamoid (like a seed)
- irregular
Bone markings are divided into these two landmark categories:
Depressions and Projections
Projections usually serve as attachment points for both _______ and _________
Ligaments and Tendons
Name the two bone types within Internal Structure:
Spongy and Compact
Trabeculae - better manage stress from multiple directions
Spongy Bone
Load Bearing - densely packed hydroxyapatite
Compact Bone
Located in the bone cavities, what is the site of RBC production?
Red Marrow
Located in the bone cavities, what is filled with adipose?
Yellow Marrow
What is the basic structural unit for Bone (Osseous) Tissues?
Osteon
This canal contains nerves and vasculature:
Central Canal
What are the pockets in Cocentric Lamellae and what type of cells do they contain?
Lacuna contains osteocytes
Lacuna are connected to Central Canal via…
Canaliculi
Bone growth occurs between the ___________ and the __________
Diaphysis and Epiphysis
Where does bone growth take place?
Epiphyseal Plate
Epiphyseal plate contains _______ until growth is complete
Cartilage
Cartilage growth occurs on the _______ end of the place while bone is added ____________
Distal
Medially
Does the Diaphysis or Epiphysis lengthen?
Diaphysis
When growth is complete, the plate becomes the:
Epiphyseal Line
What are the three types of Skeleton Cartilage?
Hyaline Cartilage
Fibrocartilage
Elastic Cartilage
What type of Skeletal Cartilage?
- most abundant
- covers articulating surfaces
- flexible
Hyaline Cartilage
What type of Skeleton Cartilage?
- stiff and tough; absorbs force
- found in intervertebral discs and meniscus
Fibrocartilage
What kind of Skeletal Cartilage?
- least abundant
- most flexible
- found in ear and epiglottis
Elastic Cartilage
Name the four types of bones within the Cephalic region:
- Cranial
- Facial
- Auditory Ossicles
- Hyoid
How many Cranial bones are in the Cephalic region?
8
How many Facial bones are in the Cephalic region?
14
How many Auditory Ossicles are in the Cephalic region?
6
How many Hyoid bones are in the Cephalic region?
1
What two types of bones are within the Thoracic Cage? (axial)
Ribs and Sternum
Name the three types of ribs:
- True Ribs
- False Ribs
- Floating Ribs
How many true ribs are there?
14
How many false ribs are there?
10
How many of the false ribs are floating ribs?
4
What three things make up the Vertebral Column?
- Vertebrae
- Sacrum
- Coccyx
What are the three types of Vertebrae?
- Cervical
- Thoracic
- Lumbar
How many Cervical vertebrae are there?
7
How many Thoracic vertebrae are there?
12
How many Lumbar vertebrae are there?
5
What part of the Axial Skeleton?
- floats at the level of cervical vertebrae 3
- does not articulate other bones
- attached by ligaments from Styloid and hangs like a swing
- Serves as attachment site for other muscles
Hyoid
Cornu =
Horn
What is the C1 called?
Atlas
What is the C2 called?
Axis
What type of vertebrae?
- large vertebral foramina
- transverse foramen
- bifid spinous process (vertical angle)
- small body
Cervical
What type of vertebrae?
- medium size body
- costal facets that articulate with ribs
- vertically angled spinous process
Thoracic
What type of vertebrae?
- large bodies
- more horizontal spinous process
- triangular vertebral foramen
Lumbar
S1-5 and CO are what two things?
Sacrum and Coccyx
Sacrum is ___ fused vertebrae
5
Coccyx is ______ fused vertebrae
3-5
Abnormal Lateral Curvature
Scoliosis
Exaggerated Thoracic Curvature
Kyphosis
Exaggerated Lumbar Curvature
Lordosis
What protects vital thoracic organs?
Thoracic Cage
What are the three parts of the Sternum that are fused together?
- Manubrium
- Body
- Xiphoid
Ribs are attached to the Sternum via:
Costal Cartilages
What type of vertebrae?
Cervical
What type of vertebrae?
Thoracic
What kind of vertebrae?
Lumbar
