Chapter Ten: Reflex Physiology + General Senses

Question 1

What is this?
- comparatively simple automatic response to a stimulus

Answer 1

Reflex

Question 2

Most neural reflexes are designed to:
1. maintain our balance and posture
2. protect us from danger or injury
3….

Answer 2

carry out routine activities (walking or chewing)

Question 3

Name the five steps of the Reflex Arc:

Answer 3

1. Receptor
2. Sensory Relay
3. Integration
4. Motor Command Relay
5. Effector

Question 4

Name the five types of reflexes:

Answer 4

1. Monosynaptic
2. Polysynaptic
3. Somatic
4. Autonomic
5. Acquired Reflexes

Question 5

Monosynaptic and Polysynaptic reflexes are determined based on the number of…involved

Answer 5

neurons

Question 6

Monosynaptic reflexes are…and integrated in the spinal cord

Answer 6

faster

Question 7

What is an example of a monosynaptic reflex?

Answer 7

Knee-Jerk

Question 8

Polysynaptic reflexes contain at least one…

Answer 8

interneuron

Question 9

Are somatic reflexes voluntary or involuntary?

Answer 9

Voluntary

Question 10

Are autonomic reflexes voluntary or involuntary?

Answer 10

involuntary

Question 11

What type of muscles are involved in somatic reflexes?

Answer 11

somatic

Question 12

What type of muscles and two other things that are involved in autonomic reflexes?

Answer 12

Smooth Muscle
Glands
Visceral Organs

Question 13

what kind of reflexes are learned through experience?

Answer 13

acquired reflexes

Question 14

What are two examples of acquired reflexes?

Answer 14

Driving and Walking

Question 15

General Stimuli comes from what three things?

Answer 15

Temperature
pH
Pressure

Question 16

Special Stimuli comes from these 5 things?

Answer 16

vision
hearing
equilibrium
taste
smell

Question 17

What kind of sensory receptors monitor external conditions?

Answer 17

Exteroceptors

Question 18

What kind of sensory receptors monitor internal conditions?

Answer 18

Interoceptors

Question 19

What are 3 examples of Exteroceptors?

Answer 19

Heat
Cold
Touch
Pain
Pressure

Question 20

What are the three types of interoceptors?

Answer 20

Chemoreceptors
Visceral Stretch Receptors
Proprioceptors

Question 21

What are the three types of interoceptors?

Answer 21

Chemoreceptors
Visceral Stretch Receptors
Proprioceptors

Question 22

What interoceptor?
- monitors blood pH

Answer 22

Chemoreceptors

Question 23

What interoceptor?
- distension of visceral organs

Answer 23

Visceral Stretch Receptors

Question 24

What interoceptor?
- postural information

Answer 24

Proprioceptors

Question 25

What receptor structure? - dendrites terminate in epidermis/dermis junction of skin and mucosal epithelium - detect pain (extreme temperature)

Answer 25

Free (naked) Nerve Endings

Question 26

What receptor structure? - associated with free nerve endings - located in the stratum germinitivum (basale) - detect light touch/sustained pressure

Answer 26

Merkel Cells

Question 27

What receptor structure? - has both meissner’s corpuscles and pacing an corpuscles

Answer 27

Encapsulated Receptors

Question 28

What kind of encapsulated receptor? - more superficial - detects light touch

Answer 28

Meissner’s Corpuscles

Question 29

What kind of encapsulated receptor? - more deep - detects forceful pressure - vibrations

Answer 29

Pacinian Corpuscle

Question 30

What is this? - monitor muscle position - ensure muscles are not overstretched

Answer 30

Muscle Spindle

Question 31

What kind of fibers are located within extrafusal skeletal muscle fibers?

Answer 31

Intrafusal Fibers

Question 32

Intrafusal fiber is innervated by sensory neuron dendrites wrapped around what region?

Answer 32

Sensory Region

Question 33

What kind of neurons innervate contractile region of extrafusal fibers?

Answer 33

alpha motor neurons

Question 34

what kind of neurons innervate contractile region of intrafusal fiber?

Answer 34

gamma motor neurons

Question 35

Sensory neuron sends continual impulses to CNS which sends signals back to…fibers via alpha motor neurons

Answer 35

extrafusal

Question 36

Muscle is contracted and spindle is…: frequency flows

Answer 36

compressed

Question 37

When the muscle is contracted there are fewer impulses sent to alpha motor neurons and skeletal muscles…

Answer 37

relax

Question 38

Muscle is extended and spindle is…: frequency increases

Answer 38

stretched

Question 39

When the muscle is extended there are more impulses sent to alpha motor neurons and skeletal muscles…

Answer 39

contract

Question 40

Willful muscle contraction: - brain sends impulse to…neurons in order to contract the intrafusal fibers which relieves compression of spindle

Answer 40

gamma motor neurons

Question 41

Receptors are…

Answer 41

transducers

Question 42

Receptors convert stimuli to…

Answer 42

action potentials

Question 43

Action potentials are distinguished as unique by their…in the brain

Answer 43

destination

Question 44

True or False: Different regions of the brain interpret action potentials differently (pain vs touch)

Answer 44

True

Question 45

The smaller and more dense the receptor fields, the more…

Answer 45

sensitive

Question 46

What are examples of receptor fields that are more dense?

Answer 46

Hands Feet Face Genitals

Question 47

Desensitization to constant stimuli is called…

Answer 47

adaptation