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Anatomy 214L > Chapter Ten: Reflex Physiology + General Senses > Flashcards

Chapter Ten: Reflex Physiology + General Senses Flashcards

1
Q

What is this?
- comparatively simple automatic response to a stimulus

A

Reflex

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2
Q

Most neural reflexes are designed to:
1. maintain our balance and posture
2. protect us from danger or injury
3….

A

carry out routine activities (walking or chewing)

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3
Q

Name the five steps of the Reflex Arc:

A
  1. Receptor
  2. Sensory Relay
  3. Integration
  4. Motor Command Relay
  5. Effector
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4
Q

Name the five types of reflexes:

A
  1. Monosynaptic
  2. Polysynaptic
  3. Somatic
  4. Autonomic
  5. Acquired Reflexes
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5
Q

Monosynaptic and Polysynaptic reflexes are determined based on the number of…involved

A

neurons

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6
Q

Monosynaptic reflexes are…and integrated in the spinal cord

A

faster

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7
Q

What is an example of a monosynaptic reflex?

A

Knee-Jerk

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8
Q

Polysynaptic reflexes contain at least one…

A

interneuron

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9
Q

Are somatic reflexes voluntary or involuntary?

A

Voluntary

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10
Q

Are autonomic reflexes voluntary or involuntary?

A

involuntary

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11
Q

What type of muscles are involved in somatic reflexes?

A

somatic

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12
Q

What type of muscles and two other things that are involved in autonomic reflexes?

A

Smooth Muscle
Glands
Visceral Organs

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13
Q

what kind of reflexes are learned through experience?

A

acquired reflexes

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14
Q

What are two examples of acquired reflexes?

A

Driving and Walking

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15
Q

General Stimuli comes from what three things?

A

Temperature
pH
Pressure

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16
Q

Special Stimuli comes from these 5 things?

A

vision
hearing
equilibrium
taste
smell

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17
Q

What kind of sensory receptors monitor external conditions?

A

Exteroceptors

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18
Q

What kind of sensory receptors monitor internal conditions?

A

Interoceptors

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19
Q

What are 3 examples of Exteroceptors?

A

Heat
Cold
Touch
Pain
Pressure

20
Q

What are the three types of interoceptors?

A

Chemoreceptors
Visceral Stretch Receptors
Proprioceptors

21
Q

What are the three types of interoceptors?

A

Chemoreceptors
Visceral Stretch Receptors
Proprioceptors

22
Q

What interoceptor?
- monitors blood pH

A

Chemoreceptors

23
Q

What interoceptor?
- distension of visceral organs

A

Visceral Stretch Receptors

24
Q

What interoceptor?
- postural information

A

Proprioceptors

25
Q

What receptor structure?
- dendrites terminate in epidermis/dermis junction of skin and mucosal epithelium
- detect pain (extreme temperature)

A

Free (naked) Nerve Endings

26
Q

What receptor structure?
- associated with free nerve endings
- located in the stratum germinitivum (basale)
- detect light touch/sustained pressure

A

Merkel Cells

27
Q

What receptor structure?
- has both meissner’s corpuscles and pacing an corpuscles

A

Encapsulated Receptors

28
Q

What kind of encapsulated receptor?
- more superficial
- detects light touch

A

Meissner’s Corpuscles

29
Q

What kind of encapsulated receptor?
- more deep
- detects forceful pressure
- vibrations

A

Pacinian Corpuscle

30
Q

What is this?
- monitor muscle position
- ensure muscles are not overstretched

A

Muscle Spindle

31
Q

What kind of fibers are located within extrafusal skeletal muscle fibers?

A

Intrafusal Fibers

32
Q

Intrafusal fiber is innervated by sensory neuron dendrites wrapped around what region?

A

Sensory Region

33
Q

What kind of neurons innervate contractile region of extrafusal fibers?

A

alpha motor neurons

34
Q

what kind of neurons innervate contractile region of intrafusal fiber?

A

gamma motor neurons

35
Q

Sensory neuron sends continual impulses to CNS which sends signals back to…fibers via alpha motor neurons

A

extrafusal

36
Q

Muscle is contracted and spindle is…: frequency flows

A

compressed

37
Q

When the muscle is contracted there are fewer impulses sent to alpha motor neurons and skeletal muscles…

A

relax

38
Q

Muscle is extended and spindle is…: frequency increases

A

stretched

39
Q

When the muscle is extended there are more impulses sent to alpha motor neurons and skeletal muscles…

A

contract

40
Q

Willful muscle contraction:
- brain sends impulse to…neurons in order to contract the intrafusal fibers which relieves compression of spindle

A

gamma motor neurons

41
Q

Receptors are…

A

transducers

42
Q

Receptors convert stimuli to…

A

action potentials

43
Q

Action potentials are distinguished as unique by their…in the brain

A

destination

44
Q

True or False:
Different regions of the brain interpret action potentials differently (pain vs touch)

A

True

45
Q

The smaller and more dense the receptor fields, the more…

A

sensitive

46
Q

What are examples of receptor fields that are more dense?

A

Hands
Feet
Face
Genitals

47
Q

Desensitization to constant stimuli is called…

A

adaptation

Anatomy 214L (9 decks)

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