Chapter Nine: Nervous System

Question 1

What three things does the nervous system do?

Answer 1

Gather Information
Process Information
Generate Response

Question 2

What is the basic unit of the Nervous System?

Answer 2

The Neuron

Question 3

The neuron is supported by…(glial cells) that provide energy, protection, and structure

Answer 3

Neuroglia

Question 4

What neuroglia of the CNS?
- regulate what enters the CNS by surrounding localized capillaries

Answer 4

Astrocytes

Question 5

What neuroglia of the CNS?
- Phagocytic cells that destroy pathogens and debris

Answer 5

Microglia

Question 6

What neuroglia of the CNS?
- provide insulating myelin sheath around axon

Answer 6

Oligodendrocytes

Question 7

What neuroglia of the CNS?
- produce cerebral spinal fluid which circulates nutrients

Answer 7

Ependymal

Question 8

What neuroglia of the PNS?
- prove insulating myelin sheath around axon (similar to oligodendrocyte)

Answer 8

Schwann

Question 9

What neuroglia of the PNS?
- surround neuron body and regulate material exchange (similar to astrocytes)

Answer 9

Satellite

Question 10

Chemical messengers are known as…

Answer 10

Neurotransmitters

Question 11

Neurotransmitters are stored in…for release

Answer 11

Synaptic Vesicles

Question 12

They are released into the..in response to an action potential

Answer 12

Synaptic Cleft

Question 13

…are on the post-synaptic membrane receive neurotransmitters to elicit change

Answer 13

Receptors

Question 14

Structure of a nerve:
- encapsulates individual myelinated axons

Answer 14

Endoneurium

Question 15

Structure of a nerve:
- surrounds individual fascicles

Answer 15

Perineurium

Question 16

Structure of a nerve:
- surrounds the entire nerve (includes all fascicles and blood vessels)

Answer 16

Epineurium

Question 17

What are the six regions of the brain?

Answer 17

Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Diencephalon
Mesencephalon
Pons
Medulla Oblongata

Question 18

What is the function of the cerebrum?

Answer 18

conscious thought and higher learning

Question 19

What are the four lobes of the cerebrum?

Answer 19

Frontal
Parietal
Temporal
Occipital

Question 20

What are the folds in the cerebrum called?

Answer 20

Gyri

Question 21

What are the valleys in the cerebrum called?

Answer 21

sulci

Question 22

…connects the two hemispheres of the cerebrum

Answer 22

Corpus Callosum

Question 23

What is the second largest region of the brain?

Answer 23

Cerebellum

Question 24

What is the function of the Cerebellum?

Answer 24

monitor body position and coordinate movement

Question 25

What is the “tree of life” in the cerebellum called?

Answer 25

Arbor Vitae

Question 26

The Diencephalon (forebrain) includes what two things?

Answer 26

Thalamus Hypothalamus

Question 27

What does the Thalamus do?

Answer 27

interpreting sensory information

Question 28

What does the Hypothalamus do?

Answer 28

emotions, instincts, and link to endocrine system

Question 29

What does the brain stem do?

Answer 29

conduct basic house keeping and survival tasks of body

Question 30

What are the three regions of the brain stem?

Answer 30

Mesencephalon (midbrain) Pons Medulla

Question 31

What is the role of the Mesencephalon (midbrain)?

Answer 31

subconscious processing visual and auditory reflexes

Question 32

What is the role of the pons?

Answer 32

relay station

Question 33

What is the role of the medulla?

Answer 33

Coordinate breathing and heart patterns, swallowing reflex

Question 34

Ventricles produce and circulate…

Answer 34

cerebral spinal fluid (CSF)

Question 35

Most CSF is produced in the…by certain cells that are found in the ventricles

Answer 35

Choroid Plexus

Question 36

Most CSF is produced in the choroid plexus by what kind of cells?

Answer 36

Ependymal Cells

Question 37

What is this? - tangled mass of capillaries hanging from roof of third and fourth ventricles

Answer 37

Choroid Plexus

Question 38

What are the three parts of the Meninges?

Answer 38

Dura Mater Arachnoid Mater Pia Mater

Question 39

What are the two parts of Dura Mater?

Answer 39

Periosteal Meningeal

Question 40

Inflammation of the meninges is known as…

Answer 40

meningitis

Question 41

What kind of matter? - primarily composed of neuron cell bodies and unmyelinated processes

Answer 41

Gray Matter

Question 42

What kind of matter? - primarily myelinated axons; found superficially surrounding the gray matter

Answer 42

White Matter

Question 43

The left and right halves of the spinal cord are…

Answer 43

Symmetrical

Question 44

What are dermatomes?

Answer 44

A zone in the body that each spinal nerve serves

Question 45

What does the cervical dermatome consist of?

Answer 45

superior portion of the back and the posterior portion of the upper limbs

Question 46

What does the thoracic dermatome consist of?

Answer 46

Body trunk and anterior aspect of upper limbs

Question 47

What does the lumbar dermatome consist of?

Answer 47

Inferior part of the back and anterior aspect of lower limbs

Question 48

What does the sacral dermatome consist of?

Answer 48

Buttocks, perineum and pubic regions, and posterior aspect of lower limbs

Question 49

The brachial plexus is a network of nerves that innervates what three things?

Answer 49

Shoulder Arm Hand

Question 50

The Brachial Plexus is formed through the ventral roots of C5-…

Answer 50

T1

Question 51

The ventral roots converge to form three trunks (what three?) with each having an anterior and posterior division

Answer 51

Upper Middle Lower

Question 52

The anterior and posterior divisions of the brachial plexus converge to form what three cords?

Answer 52

Lateral Medial Posterior

Question 53

The major terminal branches include what four things?

Answer 53

1. Musculocutaneous Nerve 2. Median Nerve 3. Ulnar Nerve 4. Radial and Axillary Nerve