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Anatomy 214L > Chapter Nine: Nervous System > Flashcards

Chapter Nine: Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What three things does the nervous system do?

A

Gather Information
Process Information
Generate Response

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2
Q

What is the basic unit of the Nervous System?

A

The Neuron

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3
Q

The neuron is supported by…(glial cells) that provide energy, protection, and structure

A

Neuroglia

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4
Q

What neuroglia of the CNS?
- regulate what enters the CNS by surrounding localized capillaries

A

Astrocytes

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5
Q

What neuroglia of the CNS?
- Phagocytic cells that destroy pathogens and debris

A

Microglia

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6
Q

What neuroglia of the CNS?
- provide insulating myelin sheath around axon

A

Oligodendrocytes

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7
Q

What neuroglia of the CNS?
- produce cerebral spinal fluid which circulates nutrients

A

Ependymal

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8
Q

What neuroglia of the PNS?
- prove insulating myelin sheath around axon (similar to oligodendrocyte)

A

Schwann

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9
Q

What neuroglia of the PNS?
- surround neuron body and regulate material exchange (similar to astrocytes)

A

Satellite

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10
Q

Chemical messengers are known as…

A

Neurotransmitters

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11
Q

Neurotransmitters are stored in…for release

A

Synaptic Vesicles

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12
Q

They are released into the..in response to an action potential

A

Synaptic Cleft

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13
Q

…are on the post-synaptic membrane receive neurotransmitters to elicit change

A

Receptors

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14
Q

Structure of a nerve:
- encapsulates individual myelinated axons

A

Endoneurium

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15
Q

Structure of a nerve:
- surrounds individual fascicles

A

Perineurium

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16
Q

Structure of a nerve:
- surrounds the entire nerve (includes all fascicles and blood vessels)

A

Epineurium

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17
Q

What are the six regions of the brain?

A

Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Diencephalon
Mesencephalon
Pons
Medulla Oblongata

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18
Q

What is the function of the cerebrum?

A

conscious thought and higher learning

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19
Q

What are the four lobes of the cerebrum?

A

Frontal
Parietal
Temporal
Occipital

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20
Q

What are the folds in the cerebrum called?

A

Gyri

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21
Q

What are the valleys in the cerebrum called?

A

sulci

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22
Q

…connects the two hemispheres of the cerebrum

A

Corpus Callosum

23
Q

What is the second largest region of the brain?

A

Cerebellum

24
Q

What is the function of the Cerebellum?

A

monitor body position and coordinate movement

25
Q

What is the “tree of life” in the cerebellum called?

A

Arbor Vitae

26
Q

The Diencephalon (forebrain) includes what two things?

A

Thalamus
Hypothalamus

27
Q

What does the Thalamus do?

A

interpreting sensory information

28
Q

What does the Hypothalamus do?

A

emotions, instincts, and link to endocrine system

29
Q

What does the brain stem do?

A

conduct basic house keeping and survival tasks of body

30
Q

What are the three regions of the brain stem?

A

Mesencephalon (midbrain)
Pons
Medulla

31
Q

What is the role of the Mesencephalon (midbrain)?

A

subconscious processing visual and auditory reflexes

32
Q

What is the role of the pons?

A

relay station

33
Q

What is the role of the medulla?

A

Coordinate breathing and heart patterns, swallowing reflex

34
Q

Ventricles produce and circulate…

A

cerebral spinal fluid (CSF)

35
Q

Most CSF is produced in the…by certain cells that are found in the ventricles

A

Choroid Plexus

36
Q

Most CSF is produced in the choroid plexus by what kind of cells?

A

Ependymal Cells

37
Q

What is this?
- tangled mass of capillaries hanging from roof of third and fourth ventricles

A

Choroid Plexus

38
Q

What are the three parts of the Meninges?

A

Dura Mater
Arachnoid Mater
Pia Mater

39
Q

What are the two parts of Dura Mater?

A

Periosteal
Meningeal

40
Q

Inflammation of the meninges is known as…

A

meningitis

41
Q

What kind of matter?
- primarily composed of neuron cell bodies and unmyelinated processes

A

Gray Matter

42
Q

What kind of matter?
- primarily myelinated axons; found superficially surrounding the gray matter

A

White Matter

43
Q

The left and right halves of the spinal cord are…

A

Symmetrical

44
Q

What are dermatomes?

A

A zone in the body that each spinal nerve serves

45
Q

What does the cervical dermatome consist of?

A

superior portion of the back and the posterior portion of the upper limbs

46
Q

What does the thoracic dermatome consist of?

A

Body trunk and anterior aspect of upper limbs

47
Q

What does the lumbar dermatome consist of?

A

Inferior part of the back and anterior aspect of lower limbs

48
Q

What does the sacral dermatome consist of?

A

Buttocks, perineum and pubic regions, and posterior aspect of lower limbs

49
Q

The brachial plexus is a network of nerves that innervates what three things?

A

Shoulder
Arm
Hand

50
Q

The Brachial Plexus is formed through the ventral roots of C5-…

51
Q

The ventral roots converge to form three trunks (what three?) with each having an anterior and posterior division

A

Upper
Middle
Lower

52
Q

The anterior and posterior divisions of the brachial plexus converge to form what three cords?

A

Lateral
Medial
Posterior

53
Q

The major terminal branches include what four things?

A
  1. Musculocutaneous Nerve
  2. Median Nerve
  3. Ulnar Nerve
  4. Radial and Axillary Nerve

Anatomy 214L (9 decks)

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