Lab Tests & Values Flashcards
Normal White Blood Cell (WBC) Count
4,500 - 11,000
Recommendation for someone with a WBC count < 4,500
light exercise
Recommendation for someone with a WBC count < 1,000
wear a mask and no exercise
Normal platelet count
150,000 - 400,000
Recommendation for someone with a platelet count < 20,000
no exercise
Define Leukopenia
low white blood cell count which leaves the body more open to infection
Define Thrombocytopenia
low platelet count which help the blood to clot
Define Anemia
low hemoglobin/low red blood cell count which carry oxygen
Symptoms of Anemia
easily fatigued
weakness
muscle cramping
dyspnea
rapid pulse
Recommendation for someone with a hemoglobin test between 8 - 10
light exercise to tolerance
Recommendation for someone with a hemoglobin test < 8
no exercise
Recommendation for someone with a hematocrit test between 30% - 32%
resistance as tolerated
Recommendation for someone with a hematocrit test > 25%
light exercise
Recommendation for someone with a hematocrit test < 25%
no exercise
Normal red blood cell count
Female: 4.1 - 5.1
Male: 4.5 - 5.3
What happens if someone’s red blood cell count becomes < 4.1
it results in anemia symptoms
What is light exercise
ROM, PROM, AAROM
ankle pumps
weight shifts
bed mobility
positioning
transfers
Define Hypernatremia and its cause
high concentration of sodium (Na+) resulting from excessive water loss
Define Hyponatremia and its cause
low sodium concentration resulting from excessive infusion or ingestion of fluid
Symptoms of Hypernatremia
hypotension
tachycardia
irritability
weakness
confusion
Symptoms of Hyponatremia
weakness
decreased reflexes
confusion
pitting edema
coma
diseases of water retention
Symptoms of Hyperkalemia
ECG changes
bradycardia
nausea and vomiting
paralysis
Symptoms of Hypokalemia
venrtricular dysrhythmia
cardia arrest
weakness
disorientation
hypotension
clammy skin
Symptoms of Hyperchloremia
chloride levels > 115
diarrhea
decreased level of consciousness
hypertension
tachycardia
Symptoms of Hypochloremia
chloride levels < 80
dehydration
muscle weakness
decreased reflexes
coma
Symptoms of Hypermagnesemia
kidney failure
excessive laxative use
nausea and vomiting chemotherapy
hypotension
decreased reflexes
weakness
Symptoms of Hypomagnesemia
weakness
muscle cramps
confusion
irregular heartbeat
coronary artery vasospasm
death
Symptoms of Hypercalcemia
kidney stones
cancer
ventricular dysrhythmia
coma
decreased deep tendon reflex
lethargy
muscle weakness
Symptoms of Hypocalcemia
anxiety
confusion
agitation
EKG changes
seizures
fatigue
numbness and tingling
hyperreflexia
muscle cramps
What causes decreased and increased urea
decrease = liver damage
increase = excessive protein breakdown
Normal BUN creatine ratio
10:1 - 20:1
What is the meaning of an increased and decreased BUN creatine ratio
increased (>20:1) = decrease blood flow to the kidneys
decreased (<10:1) = liver failure
Define Hypoglycemia and its symptoms
Venous plasma level < 70 mg/dl
diaphoresis
tachycardia
increased respiratory rate
hypotension
inability to follow commands
tingling
visual changes
seizures
unresponsiveness
Define Hyperglycemia
Venous plasma level > 250 mg/dl is risky for exercise
Venous plasma level > 300 ketoacidosis
Symptoms of Hyperglycemia
lethargy
acetone breath
dehydration
polyuria
thirst
confusion
nausea and vomiting
weak rapid pulse
deep rapid labored breathing
What is a PT/INR test used for
used to evaluate proper anticoagulation (blood clotting)
Normal and therapeutic INR levels
Normal: 0.8 - 1.2 (blood clotting normally)
Therapeutic: 2 -3 (blood clots slower)
Define a D-dimer test
a blood test that measures D-dimer which is made when blood clots dissolve in the body (normally undetectable)
Define arterial blood gases
effectiveness of ventilation & oxygen transport by measuring the amount of O2, CO2, & related chemical components
Recommendations for someone with O2 saturation at 90%, < 90%, & 85%
90% - or greater is ideal with activity
< 90% - O2 is recommended
85% - medicare requirement
Define Troponin enzymes
enzymes specific to muscle tissue & quite specific for myocardial injury (MI)
What is indicated when Troponin enzymes are elevated
- slight elevation indicates unstable angina & MI
- elevated troponin indicates increased risk for mortality for the next few months
What is C reactive protein (CRP) associated with
Elevated blood sugar & triglycerides
Hypertension
Poor diet
Sedentary lifestyle
Define erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
the rate at which red blood cells separate from plasma
What level of CRP is considered elevated and if elevated what does it mean
> 1 is considered elevated
If elevated then it means inflammation or infection
