COVID-19

Question 1

Long term effects of COVID-19

Answer 1

• fibrosis of the lungs (COPD)
• myocarditis & pericarditis
• cardiac dysrhythmias
• nervous system: encephalitis, cognitive impairments, TIAs
• depression & anxiety

Question 2

5 constructs of improvement

Answer 2

• function: short physical performance battery (SPPB)
• strength: medical research council sum score (MRC-SS)
• endurance: 2 minute step test
• cognition: Saint Louis University Mental Status Examinations (SLUMs)
• quality of life: EQ-5d-5L (health related QL measure)

Question 3

Screening & monitoring

Answer 3

• assess the patients safety & ability to perform the core outcome measures
• perform an individualized safety assessment
• screen CV risk status prior to exercise & endurance testing, using a risk factor calculator
• screen for DVT
• screen for cognitive function
• monitor vital signs throughout examination

Question 4

Unmodifiable cardiac risk factors

Answer 4

• age
• gender
• ethnicity
• family history
• Type I diabetes

Question 5

Modifiable cardiac risk factors

Answer 5

• smoking
• hypertension
• high cholesterol
• obesity
• inactivity
• Type II diabetes
• alcohol consumption

Question 6

Indicators of cardiovascular dysfunction

Answer 6

• chest pain/angina
• palpitations
• dyspnea with exertion
• increase in symptoms with activity
• fatigue
• cough
• dizziness/syncope
• throbbing pain that increases with activity
• edema
• leg pain
• cyanosis
• rubor on dependency
• poor nail or hair growth
• intermittent claudication
• dry, shiny skin
• hypertension
• diabetes
• cigarette smoking
• physical inactivity
• systolic pressure that does not change with activity or decreases with exercise