Cell Injury Flashcards
1
Q
What can cause injury to cells
A
- decreased O2
- nutrition
- hypersensitivity
- immune reactions
- surgery
- pathogens
- heat
- genetic disease
2
Q
Define ischemia
A
insufficient blood flow for cell homeostasis and metabolic function
3
Q
What is the most common cause of infection
A
bacteria and viral agents
4
Q
Difference between the two types of injury to cells
A
Sub-lethal: is reversible, the nucleus is preserved, and there are biochemical changes in the cell
Lethal: is cell death (necrosis), results in changes in the nucleus, and the cell membrane is disrupted
5
Q
What are common cellular adaptations
A
- Atrophy (lack of use/aging)
- Hypertrophy (overuse)
- Hyperplasia (callus/skin build up)
- Metaplasia (cells changes from one type to another)
- Dysplasia (tumor/mass)
6
Q
What metabolic products decrease cell function
A
- lipids
- proteins
- carbohydrates
- pigments
7
Q
Define apoptosis
A
- programmed cell death
- phagocytosis without inflammation
- triggered by stimulus or agent
8
Q
Define necrosis
A
- active process of cellular death
- caused by alterations to the nucleus
