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Clinical Medicine I > Integumentary System > Flashcards

Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of the integumentary system

A
  • protection
  • insulator
  • sensory perception
  • fluid balance
  • control temperature
  • absorbing UV radiation
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2
Q

Layers of the skin from superficial to deep

A
  • epidermis
  • rete peg region
  • dermis
  • hypodermis
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3
Q

Describe the epidermis

A
  • avascular & water resistant
  • protects & regulates
  • contains melanocytes
  • regenerates every 4-6 weeks
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4
Q

Describe the dermis

A
  • 20-30x thicker than the epidermis
  • provides strength, support, & blood to the epidermis
  • contains blood vessels, nerves, hair follicles, lymphatic vessels, nails, & oil glands
  • houses fibroblasts, macrophages, & adipocytes
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5
Q

Describe the hypodermis

A
  • stabilization
  • loose adipose & connective tissue
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6
Q

Describe a primary skin lesion

A
  • 1st to appear & visually recognizable structure
  • macule, papule, nodule, tumor, vesicle, & pustule
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7
Q

Describe a secondary skin lesion

A
  • when changes occur to a primary lesion
  • scale, crust, thickening, erosion, ulcer, scar, & fissure
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8
Q

Signs & symptoms of skin lesions

A
  • pruitis
  • xerosis/xeroderma
  • urticaria
  • rash
  • blisters
  • changes in appearance of nails
  • changes in skin pigmentation, tumor, or texture
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9
Q

Causes of skin disease

A
  • hereditary factors
  • physical trauma
  • systemic origin
  • burns
  • dehisced surgical wounds
  • neoplasm
  • reaction to radiotherapy
  • contact with infective organism or injuries agent
  • reaction to medication
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10
Q

Pathologies of skin lesions

A
  • amputation
  • cancer
  • cerebral vascular accident (CVA)
  • diabetes
  • obesity
  • spinal cord injury (SCI)
  • surgery
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11
Q

Impairments with skin lesions

A
  • hypomobility
  • decreased sensation
  • edema
  • inflammation
  • ischemia
  • pain
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12
Q

Skin changes related to aging

A
  • 60% decrease in vascularity
  • 20% decrease in dermal tissue thickness
  • decrease in elastin fibers & weakened collagen
  • decrease langerhans cells
  • change in hair growth
  • decrease in oil produced by the subcutaneous glands
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13
Q

Describe atopic dermatitis

A
  • most common type of eczema
  • result of dry irritable skin with impaired immune function
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14
Q

Describe acute dermatitis

A
  • begins in infancy
  • red
  • oozing
  • crusting rash
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15
Q

Describe chronic dermatitis

A
  • common in skin folds
  • dry
  • thickened
  • lichen skin
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16
Q

Treatment for atomic dermatitis

A
  • education
  • hygiene
  • moisture
  • avoidance of irritant
  • topical or systemic pharmacology
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17
Q

Describe contact dermatitis

A

-acute or chronic skin inflammation
- presents pruritus, erythema, & edema
- delayed cell mediated hypersensitivity a substance

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18
Q

Describe statsis dermatitis

A
  • development of areas of very dry, thin skin, often with small shallow ulcerations
  • result of vascular insufficiency
  • itching, heaviness in legs, brown stained skin, & open shallow lesions
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19
Q

Describe bacterial infections

A
  • organisms enter through abrasions or wounds
  • infection develops 3 to 7 days from exposure
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20
Q

Describe impetigo

A
  • superficial skin infection caused by staph or strep, hot & humid weather, close contact, poor hygiene, & trauma
  • spread by direct contact, environment, or arthropod (bugs)
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21
Q

Describe cellulitis

A
  • rapid spreading acute inflammation & infection of skin & subcutaneous tissue
22
Q

At risk population for cellulitis

A
  • adults
  • diabetes
  • malnutrition
  • steroid therapy
  • presence wounds/ulcerations
  • lymphedema
  • obesity
23
Q

Describe viral infections

A
  • intracellular parasites attach to host cell
  • epidermal cells react with inflammation & vesiculations (little pimples) or growth
24
Q

Type 1 Herpes Simplex

A
  • cold sore
25
Q

Type 2 Herpes Simplex

A
  • genital warts
26
Q

Herpes Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) varicella

A
  • chicken pox
  • fluid filled vesicles
27
Q

Herpes Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) herpes zoster

A
  • shingles
  • blister like lesions
  • 14 to 21 days
28
Q

Describe verrucae (warts)

A
  • common benign infection of skin & adjacent mucous membranes
  • single or multiple lesions, thick white surfaces, white/black dots, or projections
29
Q

Describe fungal infections

A
  • invade stratum corner, hair, & nails
  • superficial infections live on the skin
  • multiply quickly & spread
30
Q

Define tines corporis

A
  • ringworm
31
Q

Define tinea capitis

A
  • scalp
32
Q

Define tinea cruris

A
  • jock itch
33
Q

Define tinea pedis

A
  • athletes foot
34
Q

Define candida

A
  • yeast infection
35
Q

Define seborrheic keratosis

A
  • basal cells, waxy smooth or raised yellow to dark tone lesions
36
Q

Define nevi

A
  • moles
  • pigmented or non pigmented lesions of melanocytes
37
Q

Define actinic keratosis

A
  • results years of sun exposure, abnormal well defined crusty like skin
38
Q

Define bowen disease

A
  • can occur any where, persistent brown to reddish brown well defines lesions
39
Q

Describe basal cell carcinoma

A
  • slow growing epithelial skin tumor originating from undifferentiated basal cells
  • pearly or ivory appearance with rolled edge & slightly elevated above the skin surface
40
Q

Describe squamous cell carcinoma

A
  • poorly defines margins, flat red ulcer, plaque, or nodule
41
Q

Describe malignant melanoma

A
  • neoplasm of melanocytes
  • can occur anywhere
42
Q

What are the ABCD’s of skin

A

A: asymmetric
B: border irregularity
C: color
D: diameter

43
Q

Treatment for skin cancers

A
  • surgical excision
  • radiation
  • chemotherapy
44
Q

What is AWARE prevention for skin cancers

A

A: avoid the sun
W: wear protective clothing
A: apply sunscreen
R: routine exam
E: education

44
Q

What is AWARE prevention for skin cancers

A

A: avoid the sun
W: wear protective clothing
A: apply sunscreen
R: routine exam
E: education

45
Q

Describe psoriasis

A
  • chronic inherited, recurrent, inflammatory disease
  • higher than normal HLA’s
  • triggered by mechanical , UV, or chemical injury, stress, smoking, & endocrine changes
46
Q

How long is normal skin cell life

A
  • 28 days
47
Q

How long is skin cell life for psoriasis patients

A
  • 3 to 4 days
48
Q

Signs & symptoms of psoriasis

A
  • erythematous papules
  • plaques covered with silvery scales
  • dry, itchy, cracking lesions
49
Q

Treatment for psoriasis

A
  • topical treatment
  • phototherapy (UV)
  • antimetabolites
  • oral retinoid therapy
  • immunosuppressants

Clinical Medicine I (26 decks)

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