Lab test 1

Question 1

Underline the causative therapy(ies)

1. Insulin for diabetes mellitus
2. Parvo serum for a puppy with parvovirus enteritis
3. Infusion for E.coli enteritis

Answer 1

2. Parvo serum for a puppy with parvovirus enteritis

Question 2

Underline the causative therapy(ies)

1. Anti-inflammatory against bacterial dermatitis
2. Thyroxine for hypothyreosis
3. Antibiotic against Staphylococcus aureus otitis

Answer 2

3. Antibiotic against Staphylococcus aureus otitis

Question 3

Which growth promoters are inhibited in the EU?

Answer 3

Growth hormones, antibiotics 2, B2-agonists

Question 4

If there is no veterinary-licensed-medicine available, what products in which order can be used?

Answer 4

2. Authorised for the same condition but in another species, or for another condition within the same species
3. A human medicine authorised or a veterinary medicine authorised in a European country
4. Manufactured by a pharmacist or veterinary surgeon, followed the vets ppt.

Question 5

There is a meat producer duck farm. You have Quinoflox 100mg suspension veterinary licensed medicine, licensed for hens and turkeys. The user info. says that the WP is 7 days for meat in hens, and 13 days for meat in turkeys. For egg producer animal it is not allowed to use. Can you use it? How many days is the WP?

Answer 5

Yes you can use it. WP = 28 days (meat)

Question 6

What is metaphylaxis?

Answer 6

Combination of treatment and prevention. Mass medication of a herd to eradicate a disease.

Question 7

Which particulars are necessary in a written requisition of the S2 and S3 DD´s?

Answer 7

• The name, qualification and address of practitioner
• The date (on which the requisition was written)
• The purpose (for which the drug is required)
• The quality and quantity of the product
• Veterinarian’s own signature and qualification

Question 8

What does AVM-GSL abbreviate?

Answer 8

Authorised Veterinary Medicine – General Sales List

Question 9

What type of drugs can not be sold by the veterinarian if the animal is not under his care?

Answer 9

POM-V, POM, P - pharmacy medicines

Question 10

MEDICINE USE

Answer 10

• Therapy
- individual (vet./humans)
- mass medication (farm animals)
- causative (eg. pneumonia->AB)
- symptomatic (eg. fever -> antiinflam., iv fluids)
- substitution (something is missing in the body, cant be prod., eg. iv, glucose, vitamins, thyroxine)
• Prevention - prophylaxis (eg. ectoparasites; advantix/spot-on)
• Metaphylaxis: treatment + prevention
• Growth promotion: probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics
• Diagnostics (eg. scabies; give treatment->if success->diagnosed for scabies)
• Euthanasia (eg. pentobarbital)

Question 11

SOURCES of DRUGS USED in VETERINARY PRACTICE

Answer 11

1. Real drugs
   - Veterinary-licensed medicines
   - Human-licensed medicines
   - Official (Pharmacopoeias) and Prepared medicines
   - Immunologicals (vaccines, serums, diagnostics)
2. Drug-like substances (“non real drugs”)
   - Premixes (vitamins, microelements, drugs)
   - Biocides (disinfectant, insecticide, rodenticide)
   - Complementary products (herbal, homeopathic etc.)

Question 12

The Drugs Cascade

Answer 12

1. Veterinary Medicines Regulations (VMR)
2. Authorised for the same condition but in another species, or for another condition within the same species
3. A human medicine authorised or a veterinary medicine authorised in a European country
4. Manufactured by a pharmacist or veterinary surgeon

Question 13

Withdrawal period

Answer 13

o milk + egg 7 days
o meat 28 days
o fish 500 degree days (WP X Temp = DD-degree days)

Question 14

Official and prepared medicines

Answer 14

Chemical substances, plant origin drugs, volatile oils, immunobiologicals, radioactive substances etc.

Question 15

CLASSIFICATION of VETERINARY MEDICAL PRODUCTS

Answer 15

1. Authorised Veterinary Medicine-General Sales List (AVM-GSL)
   - can be sold without any restrictions
   - Ø ppt required
2. Non-Food Animal-Vets, Pharmacist, Suitably Qualified Person-(NFA-VPS)
   - can be sold in pharmacies by vet. or registered SQP
   - Ø ppt required
3. Prescription-only Medicine-Vets -(POM-V)
   - can be sold in pharmacies only
   - can be sold by vet. (animal under his/her care, only min amount)
   - Controlled drugs (CD)
4. Prescription-only Medicine-Vets, Pharmacist, SQP (POM-VPS)
   - Ppt can also be written by a pharmacist or a SQP operating from premises registered with VMD.
   - mainly for food prod. animals, meds for prevention
   - animal does not have to be under prescriber’s care

Question 16

ESPA products

Answer 16

• Exemption for Small Pet Animals (ESPA) products
• for minor species of small animals
• can be sold without any restrictions

Question 17

Dispensation of drugs depens on…

Answer 17

• toxicity, therapeutic index
• global impact (e.g. antibiotics)
• hazard of abusal, hazard of addiction (CD-s)

Question 18

Dispensation of drugs can happen how?

Answer 18

1. Different shops, retail dealers: only AVM-GSL and GSL meds for everyone
2. Registered agricultural merchants (AM, AM): AVM-GSL, some POM-VPS (AM)
3. Retail pharmacy: AVM-GSL, GSL, NFA-VPS, P meds for everyone, POM , POM-V, POM-VPS, meds according to valid ppt
4. SQP: NFA-VPS, AVM-GSL
5. Vet doctor: GSL, AVM-GSL meds for everyone, P, NFA-VPS, POM only for owner of animals or herds that are under the care of this vet (POM, POM-V)

Question 19

Which classes of vet. med. products can give meds for animal not under the care of vet

Answer 19

AVM-GSL, GSL*, NFA-VPS, POM-VPS

Question 20

Which classes of vet. med. products can give meds for animal under the care of vet

Answer 20

Everyone (AVM-GSL, GSL, NFA-VPS, POM-VPS, P, POM-V, POM*)

Question 21

Rules for dispensation of drugs for animal under her/his care

Answer 21

• responsibility of the vet
• the vet must see/visit the animal or herd
• the vet must acquire an accurate picture of the
  health state of the animal or herd

Question 22

Record keeping is for…

Answer 22

1. All veterinary treatments
2. Every product intended for use in food-producing animals, where WP must be observed
3. Controlled drugs

Question 23

The record must contain the followings…

Answer 23

• date
• precise identity of the medicinal product (including batch No.)
• dosage administered, duration of treatment
• name and address of farmer
• name and address of (prescribing) veterinarian
• withdrawal period

Question 24

When should records be made, and how long should they be kept?

Answer 24

Within 48 hours of the transaction and kept for a period of at least 5 years.

Question 25

Classification of controlled drugs

Answer 25

(based on decreasing order of stringency of control) -Schedule 1 - Eg: cannabis, the amphetamines, hallucinogenic drugs e.g. LSD -Schedule 2- eg. morphine, etorphine, fentanyl, pethidine, methadone, ketamine -Schedule 3 - eg. buprenorphine, pentobarbitone, phenobarbitone -Schedule 4 - eg. benzodiazepines e.g. diazepam -Schedule 5 - Certain preparations of morphine, cocaine and codeine that contain less than a specified amount of the drug

Question 26

``` Which schedules of CDs require... 1. Special prescription 2. Written requisition 3. Record keeping 4. Safe custody 5. Destruction of unwanted stock 6. Keeping of relevant invoices (for 2 years) ```

Answer 26

1. Special ppt: S1, S2, S3 2. Written requisition: S1, S2, S3 3. Record keeping: S1*, S2* 4. Safe custody: S1, S2, S3 5. Destruction of unwanted stock: S1, S2 6. Keeping of relevant invoices (for 2 years): All * transactions must be recorded in the CD register as well

Question 27

Recording of controlled drugs

Answer 27

Records should be made within 24 hours of the transaction and kept for a period of 2 years from the date of the last entry. - The CD-register must be either a computerized system or a bound book - Separate register must be kept for all premises - Separate part of register must be used for each drug - Entries must be indelible and made in chronological order - Entries must not be amended

Question 28

Safe custody - Obligatory for every S2 drug and buprenorphine (S3)

Answer 28

- must be kept in a suitable locked receptacle - locked car is not considered to be a safe receptacle, additional locked unit has to be installed - locked receptacle can only be opened by a vet or a person that he authorized - one key to the receptacle to be kept at the person - only the minimum quantity of CD-s should be stored consistent with routine need and emergencies of the practice

Question 29

Medicines can be damaged by (have to be protected from):

Answer 29

- Light (e.g. oxidation of vitamins, reduction of AgNO3) - Gases (e.g. O2 can make oxidation of vitamins) - Heat (e.g. immunbiological preparations) - Humidity (e.g. CaCl2, MgCl2, clavulanic acid) - Microbes (e.g. bacteria or fungi), breach for 28 days

Question 30

Storage of medicine: - Room temperature - Cool place - Refrigerated place - Deep-Frozen

Answer 30

Room temperature 15-25 ºC Cool place 8-15 ºC Refrigerated place 2- 8 ºC Deep-Frozen - 15 ºC

Question 31

Characteristics of official and prepared medicines

Answer 31

E.g. chemical substances, plant origin drugs, volatile oils, immunobiologicals, radioactive substances

Question 32

Group B had a "trick" fish withdrawal period question where they gave you the degree days (200 for example) and told you they used a medicine designed for spearfish but gave it to salmon.

Answer 32

Therefore you need to use the standard WP for fish (500) so you just ignore the 200 DD that was given in the question

Question 33

What drugs are restricted?

Answer 33

3. POM-V: Prescription-only Medicine-Vets | 4. POM-VPS: Prescription-only Medicine-Vets, Pharmacist and SQP

Question 34

List the real drugs

Answer 34

- Veterinary-licensed medicines - Human-licensed medicines - Official (Pharmacopoeias) and Prepared medicines - Immunologicals (vaccines, serums, diagnostics)

Question 35

Describe and give one example for preventive drug

Answer 35

Preventive medicine focuses on the health of individuals, communities, and defined populations. Its goal is to protect, promote, and maintain health and well-being and to prevent disease, disability, and death. E.g. antiparasitics, vaccines

Question 36

If a fish lives in 15 degree water how long is the withdrawal period for a non-listed drug?

Answer 36

(WP X Temp = DD) WP x 15 = 500 500 / 15 = WP = 33,33 days

Question 37

Group B had a "trick" fish withdrawal period question where they gave you the degree days (200 for example) and told you they used a medicine designed for spearfish but gave it to salmon.

Answer 37

Therefore you need to use the standard WP for fish (500) so you just ignore the 200 DD that was given in the question

Question 38

Write a prescription

Answer 38

``` A.N. Other MRCVS Veterinary Surgeon 12 Curdington Road Farnfield, Essex 6 July 2008 ``` Please supply for veterinary use Injection of Pethidine hydrochloride 20x1 mL ampules containing 25 mg per mL A.N. Other, M.R.C.V.S.

Question 39

What is contained in the Pharmacopoeia?

Answer 39

An official publication containing a list of medicinal drugs with their effects and directions for their use. A stock of medicinal drugs.