Lab 6 for MT 1 Flashcards
Tablet, coated tablet
Definition
Solid single-dose preparation produced by compressing uniform volumes of particulate solids. Tablets include single-layer tablets resulting from a single compression of particles and multi-layer tablets consisting of concentric or parallel layers obtained by successive compressions of particles of different composition.
Tablet, coated tablet
Types
- palatable/chewable tablet (eg. Bravecto)
- effervescent /coated tablet (mostly human med.)
- intrauterine tablet (veterinary only) (eg. AB for metritis)
- modified-release tablets, soluble tablet, sublingual tablet, vaginal tablet, etc
Tablet, coated tablet
Form
Small animals: flat cylinder, concave, cylinder, rhomboid, etc.
Large animals: oval, rod-shaped
Tablet, coated tablet
Usage
- Orally
- Intrauterin, intravaginal
- For solutions (effervescents, eg. vitamins)
Tablet, coated tablet
Composition
- Active compound: wide range
- Auxiliary substances: vehicles, adhesives, lubricants, colouring agents, flavouring agents etc.
- E.g.: vehicle; lactose, trehalose, cellulose etc.
Tablet, coated tablet
Coating
(oral use):
- dragée (sugar coated pill, sugar and wax, sweet, slippy coat - easy to swallow)
- film coated tablet: (protection, might be intestinosolvent)
(e. g. gastro-irritant, or acid-sensitive active ingredients, TiO2-protects from UV light)
Tablet, coated tablet
- Dispensation
- Prescribing
- Dispensation: Plastic or aluminium leaves in a box (licensed prep.) „blister-package”
- Prescribing: Official preparations – very rare, but BP!, Licensed preparations
Bolus, pill
Definition + example
Orally administered, solid, divided, dosage form.
1. Traditional definition:
Bolus: walnut-size, spheric (5-15 g), large animal
Pill: pea-size, spheric (0.1-0.3 g), small animal
2. Modern definition:
Controlled release bolus: new dosage form, from which the active substance is released slowly, continuously or released in a pulsatile manner (intraruminal bolus)
e.g. Autoworm, Finisher Ruminal bolus (oxfendazole)
Bolus, pill
Usage
oral administration
Bolus, pill
Composition
- Rare active substance + adhesives (e.g. water, sugar syrup) + vehicle (e.g.starch)
- Different modern developments
Bolus, pill
- Dispensation
- Prescribing
Dispensation: 1. Sac and box 2. Jar Prescribing: 1. Prepared (rare) 2. Licensed
Herbal tea
Definition
Mixture of whole or fragmented herbal drugs, from
which the tea is prepared immediately before use.
Herbal tea
Usage
- orally
- topically: cleaning or disinfecting wounds or eyes
Herbal tea
Types
- Infusion: volatile oils, easy-to-extract substances, heat-sensitive (hot water over herbal tea fragments)
- Decoction: hard-to-extract substances (e.g. tannic acid) (cocked in boiling water for hours)
- Soaking: eg. vit.C, misteltoe (room temp. water for 2 days)
Herbal tea
Composition
Safe drug + herbal parts
Herbal tea
- Dispensation
- Prescribing
Dispensation: paper sachets, wax paper etc.
Prescription: Official preparations (e.g. Orange peel infusion), Prepared preparations
Other solid dose forms
Types + Prescription
A. Dosage forms bound to food: -Blocks: Lick block -Chewable tablet (Palatable/flavoured tablets) B. Modified-release devices: -Intraruminal device (bolus) -Implants -Transdermal patches -Impregnated material: medicated collars, ear tags, medicated sponge -Vaginal delivery system -Intrauterine delivery system
-Licensed preparations
Salt blocks
- Definiton
- Types
- Definition: Pressed, solid dosage form, from which the animals can take the drug with licking (grazing cattle, sheep, rabbit)
- Pure sodium chloride (most frequent)(e.g. Methopren!)
NaCl + trace elements + vitamins
NaCl + Insect hormone analogues
Sugar „pie”
usage + example
Treatment of honeybees
E.g. varrua destructor - mite (parasite) - kills the bees in 3-5 years. Oxalic acid is used against it, harmless for bees but toxic for the mites.
Modified-release devices
Characteristics
- Extended duration of drug action
- Less frequent apply -> less work
- Fluctuating drug plasma peak levels are reduced
- Lower dose and toxicity
- Lower residue levels
- More effective preventive and growth promoting programs
Modified-release devices
Examples
- Vit.C
- “SR retard”
- K-release: furosamide->incr. urin prod.->hypokalaemia->heart disease
Several modern solutions
- Insoluble matrix
- Soluble matrix
- Swelling matrix
- OROS (Osmotic release oral system) (under tongue)
Intraruminal device (bolus)
- Developed specially for Ru, orally adm. preparations
- Usually contain antiparasitic or other agents.
- Can be adm. by a balling gun
Continuous-release intraruminal device
-Slow, continuous release of the drug
-Active substance + matrix (polyamide, silicon etc.)
(iron, vitamins, dewormers) (soluble matrixes)
