Lab - Shark Classification

Question 1

subclasses..

Answer 1

elasmobranchii, holocephali

Question 2

elasmobranchii contains superorders..

Answer 2

batoidea and selachimorphii

Question 3

holocephalian traits

Answer 3

like sharks: fatty liver, cartilaginous, internal fertilization, ceratotrichia, but also have holostylic jaws, no scales, single gill covering, and the tentaculum

Question 4

tentaculum

Answer 4

weird anterior head protrusion on holocephalians that might be used for holding onto during copulation

Question 5

torpediniformes

Answer 5

order in batoidea of electric rays. muscular, short tail with caudal fin. no thorns or denticles.

Question 6

rhinopristiformes

Answer 6

order in batoidea with sawfish/carpenter sharks, guitarfish (they are RAYS). use rostrum to dig in substrate and sense surroundings. uniform saw teeth, no barbels, gills are ventral

Question 7

rajiformes

Answer 7

order in batoidea containing rays, skates, guitarfish. not venomous (no barb). no caudal fins, very reduced.

Question 8

myliobatiformes

Answer 8

order in batoidea including stingrays, manta rays, devil rays. have stingers, long, thin, tails. the planktonivores (pelagic) have longer pectoral fins and anterior mouths.

Question 9

skates vs rays

Answer 9

skates are oviparous and have a dorsal fin, while rays are ovoviviparous

Question 10

hexanchiformes

Answer 10

order in selachii. frilled sharks, cow sharks. 6-7 gill slits, single dorsal fin, ovoviviparous. weird spiny teeth. longest gestation period ever (3.5 years)

Question 11

squaliformes

Answer 11

order in selachii. smaller sharks, dogfish, cookiecutter. no anal fin, 2 dorsal fins, 5 gill slits. 20 very small spp, a few bioluminescent

Question 12

echinorhiniformes

Answer 12

order in selachii. bramble sharks . 2 spp. spineless dorsal fin, no anal fin, patches of large denticles

Question 13

squatiniformes

Answer 13

order in selachii. 1 genus, angel sharks. large spiracles, 5 gill slits, ovoviviparous, look like rays except the teeths

Question 14

pristioformes

Answer 14

order in selachii. saw sharks. gill slits on the side of head, alternating spine lengths, barbels on rostrum. no spines on anal or dorsal fins.

Question 15

heterodontiformes

Answer 15

order in selachii. bullhead sharks.. WEIRD. blunt head, eye ridges, anterior mouth. very odd teeth. oviparous

Question 16

lamniformes

Answer 16

order in selachii. white sharks/mackerel sharks, megalodon, basking sharks. 2 spineless dorsal fins, anal fin, 5 gill slits

Question 17

carcharhiniformes

Answer 17

order in selachii. ground sharks, like 270 spp, hammerheads, tiger sharks. have nictitating membrane, 2 spineless dorsal fins, anal fin, 5 gill slits, some are ovo-, ovovivi- and viviparous.

Question 18

orectolobiformes

Answer 18

order in selachii. carpet and zebra sharks, 45 spp. 2 spineless dorsal fins, anterior mouth, barbels, defined nasoral grooves, spiracles below eye, 5th gill arch overlaps 4th.

Question 19

skate heart anatomy

Answer 19

ventricle is light, in middle, atrium is around.