Bird F and F Flashcards
infratemporal fenestra
the bar btwn the diapsid fenestra is lost so the single big hole is called this
pterylae
feather tracts (pattern of where they grow)
apteria
bare or downy spots on birds
feather parts
calamus - no offshoots (bottom), rachis - main middle, vane- whole feathery part, barbs = fuzzy stuff (also has barbules)
remiges
flight feathers
retrices
tail feathers
contour feathers
complete vane, interlocking barbules
semiplumes
insulation, dont interlock
down feathers
reduced rachis, no interlocking
bristle feathers
sensory, some barbs at the base but mostly rachis
filoplumes
stiff, mostly rachis at bottom with barbs on top. used for sensing feather status for grooming
hallux
1st toe for birds
anisodactyl
normal feet, perching
zygodactyl/heterodactyl
2 in front 2 in back
syndactyl
digits 2 and 3 are fused
tridactyl
lose hallux
pamprodactyl
hallux moves to front for grabbing
lobate
wide skin pads on each toe for swimming but they dont connect
semipalmate
webbing between 3 toes that doesnt reach claws
palmate
fully webbed 3 toes
totipalmate
fully webbed 4 toes
bird cranial kinesis
nasofrontal hinge at beak base, distal rhynchokinesis - end of beak can also hinge in some shorebirds
synsacrum
fused lumbar verts and pelvis
pygostyle
fused caudal vert to hold muscles and tail feathers
unciunate processes on ribs
helps with respiration
furcula
fused clavicles
triosseal canal
hole btwn furcula, scapula, coracoid for wing muscle attachment both ways
fused bird bones
tarsometatarsus, tibiotarsus, carpometacarpals, fused digits, greatly reduced fibula, short 1st bone
bird voice box
syrinx, no vocal folds
