Bird F and F

Question 1

infratemporal fenestra

Answer 1

the bar btwn the diapsid fenestra is lost so the single big hole is called this

Question 2

pterylae

Answer 2

feather tracts (pattern of where they grow)

Question 3

apteria

Answer 3

bare or downy spots on birds

Question 4

feather parts

Answer 4

calamus - no offshoots (bottom), rachis - main middle, vane- whole feathery part, barbs = fuzzy stuff (also has barbules)

Question 5

remiges

Answer 5

flight feathers

Question 6

retrices

Answer 6

tail feathers

Question 7

contour feathers

Answer 7

complete vane, interlocking barbules

Question 8

semiplumes

Answer 8

insulation, dont interlock

Question 9

down feathers

Answer 9

reduced rachis, no interlocking

Question 10

bristle feathers

Answer 10

sensory, some barbs at the base but mostly rachis

Question 11

filoplumes

Answer 11

stiff, mostly rachis at bottom with barbs on top. used for sensing feather status for grooming

Question 12

hallux

Answer 12

1st toe for birds

Question 13

anisodactyl

Answer 13

normal feet, perching

Question 14

zygodactyl/heterodactyl

Answer 14

2 in front 2 in back

Question 15

syndactyl

Answer 15

digits 2 and 3 are fused

Question 16

tridactyl

Answer 16

lose hallux

Question 17

pamprodactyl

Answer 17

hallux moves to front for grabbing

Question 18

lobate

Answer 18

wide skin pads on each toe for swimming but they dont connect

Question 19

semipalmate

Answer 19

webbing between 3 toes that doesnt reach claws

Question 20

palmate

Answer 20

fully webbed 3 toes

Question 21

totipalmate

Answer 21

fully webbed 4 toes

Question 22

bird cranial kinesis

Answer 22

nasofrontal hinge at beak base, distal rhynchokinesis - end of beak can also hinge in some shorebirds

Question 23

synsacrum

Answer 23

fused lumbar verts and pelvis

Question 24

pygostyle

Answer 24

fused caudal vert to hold muscles and tail feathers

Question 25

unciunate processes on ribs

Answer 25

helps with respiration

Question 26

furcula

Answer 26

fused clavicles

Question 27

triosseal canal

Answer 27

hole btwn furcula, scapula, coracoid for wing muscle attachment both ways

Question 28

fused bird bones

Answer 28

tarsometatarsus, tibiotarsus, carpometacarpals, fused digits, greatly reduced fibula, short 1st bone

Question 29

bird voice box

Answer 29

syrinx, no vocal folds