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MLPAO/CSMLS Study > Lab: Safety, Equipment, Ware, Math > Flashcards

Lab: Safety, Equipment, Ware, Math Flashcards

1
Q

PPE (when do we remove gloves, when do we wash hands?)

A
  • Torn
  • Contact with blood, body fluid, non-intact skin, or mucous membranes
  • Contact with a single patient
  • Patient’s surrounding or contaminated body site
  • Between patient visits
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2
Q

Name the 4 types of isolation

A
  1. Standard precautions
  2. contact
  3. Droplet
  4. Airborne
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3
Q

pH (what is neutral, acidic, alkaline?)

A

Acidic - Lower than 7

Neutral - 7.0

Alkaline - Higher than 7

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4
Q

Critical types of glassware in the lab

A
  • Volumetric
  • Pipette volumetric
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5
Q

Non-critical types of glassware in the lab

A
  • Beakers
  • Cylinders
  • Flask Florence
  • Graduated
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6
Q

Materials used in the lab

A
  • Flint glass
  • Borosilicate glass
  • Quarts glass
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7
Q

Application of the 70% alcohol in the lab?

A
  • 70% isopropyl alcohol kills microorganisms
  • Effective against most bacteria, fungi, and many viruses
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8
Q

Units of measurement: Deci

A

One tenth

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9
Q

Units of measurement: Centi

A

One hundredth

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10
Q

Units of measurement: Hecto

A

A hundred

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11
Q

Disinfectants in the lab: Hypochlorites

A
  • Emergency clean ups
  • Work surfaces
  • Dirty glassware
  • Equipment
  • Liquids
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12
Q

Disinfectants in the lab: Phenolics

A
  • Rubber
  • Wood
  • Some plastic
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13
Q

Disinfectants in the lab: Formaldehyde

A
  • Effective against spores
  • Safety cabinets and rooms
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14
Q

Disinfectants in the lab: Glutaraldehyde

A
  • Effective against wide range of organisms
  • Metal equipment
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15
Q

What is precision?

A

Reproducibility and reliability of the test method

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16
Q

What is accuracy?

A

Closeness of a measurement value

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17
Q

MSDS Information: Section 1

A

Product info

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18
Q

MSDS Information: Section 2

A

Hazardous ingredients

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19
Q

MSDS Information: Section 3

A

Physical data

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20
Q

MSDS Information: Section 4

A

Fire Hazard

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21
Q

MSDS Information: Section 5

A

Reactivity data

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22
Q

MSDS Information: Section 6

A

Toxicology properties

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23
Q

MSDS Information: Section 7

A

First aid measures

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24
Q

MSDS Information: Section 8

A

Preventative measures

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25
Q

MSDS Information: Section 9

A

Preparation

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26
Q

Necessary working label info

A
  1. Supplier identifier
  2. MSDS available
  3. Pictograms
  4. Risk phrases
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27
Q

Non-necessary working label info

A

Immediate use of a hazardous product

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28
Q

Balances in the lab: Mechanical

A
  • Requires use of weight boat to prevent corroding
  • Not as accurate as digital
  • Often needs calibration by weight
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29
Q

Balances in the lab: Digital

A
  • Requires use of weight boat
  • Used most often
  • More accurate
  • Needs less calibration
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30
Q

Biosafety Cabinet: Class I

A

Protection to worker but not product

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31
Q

Biosafety Cabinet: Class II

A

Both operator and product protection

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32
Q

Biosafety Cabinet: Class III

A

High level of protection

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33
Q

Name the 9 parts of the microscope

A
  1. Light
  2. Condenser
  3. Iris diaphragm
  4. Field diaphragm
  5. Coarse adjustment
  6. Fine adjustment
  7. Objective lenses
  8. Ocular (eye pieces)
  9. Stage
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34
Q

What’s the highest purity in chemicals?

A

Reagent

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35
Q

Sterilization: Temperature

A

121C (250F)

&

132C (270F)

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36
Q

Sterilization: Devices used for sterilization

A
  1. Autoclaves
  2. Plasma gas
  3. Vapourized hydrogen peroxide
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37
Q

What does sanitization mean?

A

Lowering the number of germs to a safe level

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38
Q

How do we calculate the magnification power of the microscope?

A

Magnifying part of the object x part of the eye

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39
Q

Temperatures in the lab: Cold

A

4 C

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40
Q

Temperatures of the lab: Frozen

A

-23 – 0C

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41
Q

Two standard deviation

A
  • Measure of dispersion
  • 95% of values will be within 2 SD’s of the mean
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42
Q

Three-Percentage

A

W/V %
V/V %
W/W %

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43
Q

Types of water in the lab: Distilled

A

Condensate from steam created when water is boiled

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44
Q

Types of water in the lab: Deionized

A

Passing tap or distilled water through resin column containing charged particles

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45
Q

Types of water in the lab: Reverse Osmosis (RO)

A

Forces water through semipermeable membrane

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46
Q

Types of water in the lab: Type 1

A

Ultrapure Water (Highly purified):

Highly sensitive products

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47
Q

Types of water in the lab: Type 2

A

Purified Water:

  • Glassware rinsing
  • Lab equipment
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48
Q

Types of water in the lab: Type 3

A

Primary Grade Water:

Non-critical washing

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49
Q

Mode, Median, Mean

A

Mode - Most common number

Median - Middle number

Mean - Average (all numbers added up, divided by number of numbers)

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50
Q

Characteristics of distilled water

A
  • Contains no solids, minerals or trace elements
  • Does not remove carbon dioxide, chlorine or ammonia
  • Steam from water after boiled
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51
Q

Supersaturated solution: When temperature drops, what will happen?

A

Solute remains in solution until there’s a disturbance

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52
Q

Sterilization vs Disinfection

A

Filtration is not a form of sterilization

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53
Q

Name 4 of the most frequent types of sterilization

A
  1. Steam Autoclave
  2. Gas Sterilizer (ethylene oxide)
  3. Dry Heat
  4. Boiling
54
Q

What are 3 areas you can disinfect?

A
  1. Surfaces/equipment that cannot be autoclaved
  2. Biohazard spills
  3. Containers for discarding pipettes & slides
55
Q

What is Antiseptic used for?

A

Skin, not surfaces

56
Q

Autoclave/Dry heat oven (160C). What doesn’t it do?

A

Rust instruments

57
Q

Which surface is Glutaraldehyde used for?

A

Metal surfaces

58
Q

How long do you boil instruments and tools to sterilize them?

59
Q

Incineration is used for?

60
Q

What’s the percentage for a discard jar for sodium hypochlorite?

61
Q

What is Bleach used for?

A

Biohazard spills

62
Q

Which solution is preferred as a disinfectant?

A

70% ethyl alcohol or 1% hypochlorite

63
Q

What are Universal Precautions?

A

Treating all specimens as if they are hazardous

64
Q

How many sections are on an SDS?

65
Q

What does the RED section stand for on a NFPA label?

A

Flammability

66
Q

What does the BLUE section stand for on a NFPA label?

67
Q

What does the YELLOW section stand for on a NFPA label?

A

Reactivity

68
Q

What does the WHITE section stand for on a NFPA label?

A

“Special” (reacts with water or is oxidizing)

69
Q

Ionizing Radiation: Alpha Rays

A
  • Big particles
  • Can be stopped by paper
70
Q

Ionizing Radiation: Beta Rays

A
  • Small particles
  • Can be stopped by 6mm aluminum
  • Can penetrate matter
71
Q

Ionizing Radiation: Gamma Rays

A
  • Tiny particles
  • Requires lead to stop penetrating rays
72
Q

Non-ionizing Radiation: Visible light, Microwaves

A
  • Low energy waves that can move particles and warm them up
  • Not causing serious harm
73
Q

Non-ionizing Radiation: Microorganisms with Spores

A

Highly resistant to UV radiation

74
Q

Acid Spill Kits

A
  • Neutralizes acid (makes paste)
  • PPE
  • pH check
75
Q

Caustic Spill Kit

A
  • Neutralizes base (makes paste)
  • PPE
  • pH check
76
Q

Solvent Spill Kit

A
  • Adsorption (charcoal)
  • PPE
77
Q

Radiation Spill Kit

A
  • Absorption
  • Alert everyone FIRST
  • Contain spill
78
Q

Mercury Spill Kit

A

Aspirate/ventilate fumes

79
Q

Biological Spill Kit

A
  • Paper towel
  • Disinfectant (outside to the inside)
  • PPE
80
Q

Fire Extinguishers: A

A
  • Wood
  • Paper
  • Clothes
81
Q

Fire Extinguishers: B

A
  • Gases
  • Oil Fires
82
Q

Fire Extinguishers: C

A

Electrical Fires

83
Q

Fire Extinguishers: D

A

Combustible metal fires

84
Q

Fire Extinguishers: K

A

Cooking (oil/grease)

85
Q

What’s included in a Fire Triangle?

A

Heat, Fuel, Oxygen

86
Q

Most common types of extinguishers?

87
Q

Biological Containment Types: Level 1

A
  • Low individual
  • Low community risk
88
Q

Biological Containment Types: Level 2

A
  • Moderate individual
  • Low community risk
89
Q

Biological Containment Types: Level 3

A
  • High individual
  • Low community risk
90
Q

Biological Containment Types: Level 4

A
  • High individual
  • High community risk
91
Q

What’s the definition of Aerosols?

A

Particles suspended in the air, which may gain access to the respiratory system

92
Q

Fume Hoods: Chemical Fume Hood

A
  • Duct, fan & filter
  • Negative pressure
  • Air vented outside
93
Q

Fume Hoods: Biological Safety Cabinet

A
  • Mechanical filtration
  • Air filtered & recirculated
94
Q

Fume Hoods: Class 1

A

Small protection:
- Protects user
- Some environmental protection

95
Q

Fume Hoods: Class 2

A

Medium Protection:
- Protects user
- Protects environment
- Protects sample

96
Q

Fume Hoods: Class 3

A

Large Protection:
- “Glove box”
- Gas tight
- Double doors

97
Q

Fume Hoods: Laminar Flow Hood

A
  • One way airflow
  • Different from biological safety cabinet
98
Q

PPE: Donning (putting on)

A
  • Gown
  • Mask
  • Goggles
  • Gloves
99
Q

PPE: Doffing (taking off)

A
  • Gloves
  • Goggles
  • Gown
  • Mask
100
Q

Pipettes: TD

A

To Deliver

101
Q

Pipettes: TC

A

To Contain

102
Q

Pipettes: Mohr

A
  • Calibration marks TD
  • Do not drain past the final volume marking.
  • Not calibrated to tip
103
Q

Pipettes: Volumetric

A
  • Single accurate measurement
  • Calibrated TD
  • Bulb shape in the middle
104
Q

Pipettes: Serological

A
  • Calibration marks TD
  • 1 etched ring = drain
  • 2 etched rings = blow out
105
Q

Pipettes: Pasteur

A

Tiny pipette to add final drops

106
Q

Pipettes: Micro

A
  • Adjustable volumes
  • Both TD/TC
107
Q

Glassware: Class A

A

Analytical Labs

108
Q

Glassware: Flint/Soda Lime

A
  • Low heat resistance
  • Low chemical resistance
  • Test tubes (disposable)
109
Q

Glassware: Borosilicate

A
  • Not chemically reactive
  • High thermal resistance
  • Most commonly used
110
Q

Glassware: Quartz/Silica

A
  • Expensive
  • High optical quality for precision
  • Microscope lens
111
Q

Types of Glassware: Estimated Volume

A
  • Beaker
  • Erlenmeyer
  • Florence (boiling flask)
  • Graduated Cylinder
112
Q

Types of Glassware: Volumetric

A

Volumetric Flask

113
Q

Plastic: Polyethylene

A

Graduated Cylinders:
- Clear
- Inexpensive
- Disposable

114
Q

Plastic: Polystyrene

A

Petri Dishes, Test Tubes:
- Clear
- Inexpensive
- Disposable

115
Q

Plastic: Polypropylene

A
  • Milky colour
  • Heat resistant
116
Q

Microscope: Ocular Lenses

A

They eye pieces

117
Q

Microscope: Objective Lenses

A

Adjustable magnification lenses (4x, 10x, 40x, 100x)

118
Q

Microscope: Rheostat Knob

A

Adjusts the light intensity from the light source

119
Q

Microscope: Condenser

A

Collects light and focuses it on the specimen

120
Q

Microscope: Iris Diaphragm

A

Adjusts light intensity (fine adjustment for light)

121
Q

Microscope: 10x

A
  • Locate specimen
  • Coarse focus adjustments
122
Q

Microscope: 40x

A
  • High dry
  • Fine focus adjustments
123
Q

Microscope: 100x

A

Oil immersion

124
Q

Magnification Increase

A

Light intensity increase

125
Q

Vernier Coordinates

A

Measurements on the stage ruler to articulate location of the specimen

126
Q

Thermometers: Internal Electrical

127
Q

Thermometers: Partial Immersion

A

When specified portion of thermometer is exposed to the temperature

128
Q

Thermometers: Total Immersion

A

Temperature when bulb and total liquid inside is exposed to temperature

129
Q

Autoclave: Temperature, PSI, Time

A
  • 121C
  • 15 PSI
  • 15 Mins
130
Q

Centrifuge Responsibilities

A
  • Decontaminated after every shift
  • Balance (most important)

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