Histology & Cytology Flashcards
1
Q
What is Histology?
A
Tissues are processed to see malignancy under microscope. Can be fresh or fixed.
2
Q
Fixation
A
- Submerged in solution ASAP
- 10-20x volume of specimen
- Solution denatures protein (prevents autolysis)
- Usually neutral buffered formalin (rarely glutaraldehyde or B5)
3
Q
Grossing
A
- Description done by pathologists
- Sliced into 3-5mm pieces to go into cassettes
4
Q
Decalcifying
A
- Removes calcium from bone or scar tissue
- Must be fixed before decalcified
5
Q
Dehydration
A
Removal of water using increasing strengths of alcohol (ethanol or acetone)
6
Q
Clearing
A
- Removal of dehydration agent using xylene (could be toluene or histoclear)
- Decreases the cloudiness of a specimen (poor dehydration = milky xylene (water in xylene)
7
Q
Infiltration
A
- Removal of clearant
- Infiltration of paraffin wax (must be dewaxed before stain or stain won’t penetrate)
8
Q
Mounting
A
Permount + coverslip
9
Q
Resinous Mount
A
Permount, aqueous mount, gelatin
10
Q
STAT Processing
A
- 2-4 hours instead of 12-16
- Sections frozen by cryostat
- Cut with microtome
- Frozen, cut, stained, viewed
- Specimen is then thawed and processed as normal
- Tech SETS UP
11
Q
Stains: Hematoxylin-Eosin (H&E)
A
Hematoxylin - Blue
Eosin - Red/orange/pink (differential stain)
12
Q
Stains: Progressive
A
Specimen left in dye until it’s ready
13
Q
Stains: Regressive
A
Specimen is over stained and excess stain is removed
14
Q
Bluing
A
- Must be mildly alkaline
15
Q
What’s the most important step of Bluing?
A
Differentiation
