Blood, Phlebotomy, Hematology Flashcards
WBC Types and Functions: Granulocytes
- Neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils
- WBC containing granules in cytoplasm
WBC Types and Functions: Granulocytes - Neutrophil
Protects body from infections by killing bacteria, fungi and foreign debris
WBC Types and Functions: Granulocytes - Eosinophils
Identify and destroy parasites and cancer cells
WBC Types and Functions: Granulocytes - Basophils
Produce allergic response; coughing, sneezing, runny nose
What are the 3 Types of WBC?
- Granulocytes
- Monocytes
- Lymphocytes
What are the 3 Types of Granulocytes?
- Neutrophils
- Eosinophils
- Basophils
WBC Types and Functions: Monocytes
Defends against infection by cleaning up damaged cells
WBC Types and Functions: Lymphocytes
- Consists of T cells, natural kills cells, B cells
- Protect against viral infection
- Produce proteins to help fight infections
WBC Types and Functions: Lymphocytes - B Cells
- Type of WBC; makes antibodies
- Develop from stem cells in bone marrow
WBC Types and Functions: Lymphocytes - T Cells
- Type of WBC
- Part of immune system
- Develops from stem cells in bone marrow
- Helps protect body from infection; fight cancer
What can affect blood film from being too thick or too thin?
- Too big/small drop of blood
- Too high/low angle
Blood Culture. Steps, Specifics
First Bottle - Aerobic
Second Bottle - Anaerobic
- Decontaminate hands; clean puncture site; chloraprep wipe
- Apply tourniquet; do not re-palpate skin
- Decontaminate hands; remove cap from culture bottles; clean the top of bottles with new chloraprep wipe for 15 seconds
- Don gloves; apron
- Placing traction on skin below; intended puncture site; insert needle
- Advance needle with collection site; release tension on skin
- Attach sample bottles; fill up to necessary level; invert each bottle once removed; 10mls needed, minimum
Why do we do an ESR test?
Test indirectly measures level of certain proteins in the blood
ESR Reference Ranges: Normal
40 - 51
ESR Reference Ranges: Borderline
51 - 54
ESR Reference Ranges: Elevated
55 or higher
ESR Manual Methods
- Westergren - Sediplast ESR
- Wintrobe
ESR Automated Methods
- SEDIMAT
- Vesmatic
- ESR STAT-PLUS
- Zeta Sedimentation Ratio (ZSR)
Why do we need to perform WBC Differential?
Determine relative numbers of each type of leukocyte
Name the 4 types of Anemias
- Aplastic
- Acute/Chronic Blood Loss (Hemorrhagic)
- Deficiency
- Hemolytic
Types of Anemia: Aplastic
Chronic failure of red bone marrow to produce RBCs
Types of Anemia: Acute/Chronic Blood Loss
RBCs decreased after sudden chronic blood loss from trauma; childbirth complications, surgical complications, chronic bleeding ulcers
Types of Anemia: Deficiency
- Iron
- Folic Acid / Vitamin B12
- Pernicious
Types of Anemia: Hemolytic
- Sickle cell (SCA)
- Thalassemia
- Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase
- Hereditary Spherocytosis
Why do we do Microhematocrit?
Determination of volume fractions of RBCs in blood
How do we do Microhematocrit?
- Separation of micro volumes of blood in solution
- Filling blood capillary tube; two ends are sealed with clay or heat
- Centrifuge at a rate of 11000 - 12000 rpm for 4-5 mins
How to determine the Size of the Needles
Higher the number = thinner the needle
Size of the Needle: White
16G
Size of the Needle: Pink
18G
Size of the Needle: Cream
19G