LAB REVIEW 7 Flashcards
what are the 2 different types of cellular respiration?
aerobic (using oxygen) or anaerobic (without oxygen)
aerobic respiration requires oxygen to completely break down food molecules into…., …., and …..
carbon dioxide, water, and ATP
aerobic respiration creates …-…. ATP molecules for every glucose molecule that is broken down, which is …..% efficient
36-38 ATP, 40% efficient
chemical equation for aerobic cellular respiration
C(6)H(12)O(6) + 6O(2)»_space;> 6CO(2) + 6H(2)O + 30-32 ATP
or
glucose + oxygen > carbon dioxide + water + cellular energy
anaerobic respiration can only partially breakdown food molecules yielding only … ATP, which is …% efficient
2 ATP, 2% efficient
2 examples of anaerobic respiration
alcoholic fermentation in yeast, as a back-up system for organisms that don’t have any available oxygen, lactic acid in a sprinter who uses their oxygen in a short period of time.
equation for alcoholic fermentation
glucose»_space;>2 ethanol + 2CO(2) + 2 ATP
equation for lactic acid fermentation
glucose»_space;> 2 Lactic Acid + 2 ATP
as the concentration of sugar increases, the amount of gas released by fermentation… (increases or decreases?)
increases
what gas is produced by fermentation in yeast?
CO(2)
Is fermentation in yeast an aerobic or anaerobic process?
anaerobic process
why does sugar produce more gas than starch?
sugar is simpler to break down compared to starch which is made of multiple glucose molecules.
What is sugar in the chemical equation of fermentation?
a reactant
chemical equation for photosynthesis
sun + 6CO(2) + 6H(2)O»_space;> C(6)H(12)O(6) + 6O(2)
How is the rate of photosynthesis influenced by the distance of the light source?
The closer the light source, the faster the rate of photosynthesis.
However, the rate of photosynthesis does not decrease at the same rate
the distance is decreased.
which plants prefer the green light and why?
none, because green is not absorbed in the leaves from the light. Because
light is necessary for photosynthesis, the plants cannot use it to produce
food, and so they cannot grow as well.
( photosynthesis ) Rf equation
Rf= distance traveled by compound/ distance traveled by solvent
How can calculating the Rf value help you determine a pigment’s identity?
It lets me know how soluble the pigment is by how high how much it
traveled on the paper.
Explain how a crime lab could use paper chromatography to determine if lipstick
found at a crime scene matched the lipstick of a suspect.
If the pigments in each lipstick have the same Rf, than they are
most likely a match. Lipsticks are made of different pigments and products and
can differ in their Rf.
what is white light
a mixture of all colors of the light spectrum
Light can be either … or … by substances called pigments
absorbed or reflected
why are most plants green?
because the pigment chlorophyll reflects green and yellow light and absorbs the other colors of the spectrum
What are some similarities between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?
1) the reactants of cellular respiration are the same as the products of photosynthesis, and vice versa.
2) When comparing cellular respiration and photosynthesis, something I noticed was that cellular respiration contains four stages which are Glycolysis, Pyruvate Oxidation, Krebs cycle, Electron Transport Chain (oxidative phosphorylation) and photosynthesis has two stages which are the light-dependent reaction and the Calvin cycle.
3) Cellular respiration is a catabolic reaction where big molecules break down into smaller molecules. Photosynthesis is an anabolic reaction where small molecules form larger molecules.
what are the four stages of cellular respiration?
Glycolysis, Pyruvate Oxidation, Krebs cycle, Electron Transport Chain (oxidative phosphorylation)
what are the 2 stages of photosynthesis?
the light-dependent reaction and the Calvin cycle.
What are the 3 stages of interphase in a eukaryotic cell cycle?
G1 stage, S phase, and G2 stage
what happens during G1 stage?
cell grows to its full size, carries out its normal functions, and duplicates organelles
what happens during the S stage?
if a cell is going to undergo mitosis, the chromosomes duplicate and make copies of themselves
what does the replication of the DNA result in?
two identical sister chromatids attached via a centromere
what happens during the G2 stage?
the cell prepares to divide by synthesizing proteins necessary for the process
what is the second major stage of the cell cycle called?
the first being interphase
mitotic stage