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Biology 101 > BIO101 LAB 1-6 > Flashcards

BIO101 LAB 1-6 Flashcards

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1
Q

Ton

A

one million 1,000,000

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2
Q

How many meters are in 1 decimeter?

A

0.1m

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3
Q

How many grams are in 1 kilogram?

A

1000g

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4
Q

How many grams are in 1 microgram?

A

0.000001g

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5
Q

deci

A

one-tenth 0.1

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6
Q

How many meters are in 1 milimeter?

A

0.001m

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7
Q

sum of all measures/ # of measures

A

average

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8
Q

How many meters are in 1 kilometer?

A

1000m

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9
Q

highest result value- lowest result value

A

range 3

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10
Q

kilo

A

one thousand 1,000

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11
Q

the group that nothing has been changed to

A

control

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12
Q

centi

A

one hundredth

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13
Q

H+ = 1 x 10 ^-7 what is the pH?

A

7 *ph is equal to exponent

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14
Q

What is the equation to convert from one unit to another?

A

given unit x
desired unit/given unit
ex: 20m to millimeters
20m x 1000mm/1m = 20,000mm

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15
Q

How many grams are in 1 nanogram?

A

0.000000001g

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16
Q

How many grams are in 1 decigram?

A

0.1g

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17
Q

mili

A

one thousandth 0.001

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18
Q

the thing affected by the change you made (*must be measurable)

A

dependent variable

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19
Q

what is pH?

A

a measurement of the relative balance of the ionized forms of water

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20
Q

micro

A

one millionth 0.000001

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21
Q

How many meters are in 1 centimeter?

A

0.01m

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22
Q

nano

A

one billionth 0.000000001

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23
Q

factor that is deliberately changed

A

independent varaible

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24
Q

How many meters are in 1 nanometer?

A

0.000000001m

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25
Q

releases hydogen ions

A

acids

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26
Q

the group(s) where the IV is deliberatel altered by the experimenter

A

experimental group

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27
Q

How many grams are in 1 centigram?

A

0.01g

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28
Q

substances that release hydroxide ions (OH-)

A

bases

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29
Q

factors kept consistent between the groups

A

constants

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30
Q

How many grams are in 1 miligram?

A

0.001g

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31
Q

How many meters are in 1 micometer?

A

0.000001m

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32
Q

What influences enzyme activity?

A

pH, temperature, etc

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33
Q

type of microscope that uses a series of lenses and a light source

A

compound light miscroscope

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34
Q

type of microscope that is used to view objects in 3 dimensions

A

steroscopic microscope

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35
Q

type of microscope that filters out certain light rays to view certain structures better (especially clear objects)

A

phase-contact microscope

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36
Q

type of microscope that shines a beam of electrons across the surface of an object in a vacuum that gives an image of surface and dimensions of an object

A

scanning electron microscope

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37
Q

type of microscope that uses electrons in a vacuum to view ultra-thinly sliced objects that have been treated with heavy metal salts to imporce contrast

A

transmission electron microscope

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38
Q

which knob would fine tune the image of the specimen?

A

fine focus

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39
Q

how many objective lenses are there?

A

3 or 4

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40
Q

what do we call the shortest lens?

A

scanning power

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41
Q

what is the power of the middle lens?

A

10x

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42
Q

what is the power of the “high dry” lens?

A

40x

43
Q

what do we need to add to see the highest magnification?

A

immersion oil

44
Q

eye piece

A

ocular lens

45
Q

what are the series of 4 lenses

A

4x, 10x, 40x, and 100x with oil immersion

46
Q

lever or dial under the stage that regulates the amount of light going through the specimen

A

iris diaphgram

47
Q

a series of lenses that you can move up and down to condense and clarify the light shinning through the object

A

condenser

48
Q

large know found on both sides of the microscope the moves stage and is ONLY used with 4x lense

A

coarse adjustmend knob

49
Q

How do you find the total magnification?

A

multiply objective lens by 10x (ocular lens)

50
Q

used for living of recently living tissues

A

wet mounts

51
Q

contain non-living tissue (dead)

A

prepared slides

52
Q

major groups to classify organisms
hint:
Dear King Phillip Came Over From Great Spain

A

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, and Species

53
Q

the circle that you see when you look through the ocular lens

A

field of view

54
Q

the space between the slide and the objective

A

working distance

55
Q

the capactiy to distinguis between two adjacent points

A

resolving power

56
Q

Is Prokarya a domain of life?

A

NO

57
Q

What are the 3 domains of Life?

A

Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya

58
Q

cell membranes are selectively permeable, meaning that…

A

some things can enter/exit them

59
Q

forms a thin, protective layer around the cell

A

cell membrane

60
Q

this type of transport requires energy from the cell

A

active transport

61
Q

this type of transport doesn’t require energy expenditure from the cell

A

passive transport

62
Q

includes simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis, and filtration

A

passive movement

63
Q

requires ATP and the cell to expand energy, endocytosis, and exocytosis

A

Active movement

64
Q

the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until they are distributed evenly

A

diffusion

65
Q

the difference in concentration areas is called the

A

concentration gradiant

66
Q

this occurs when certain molecules can only pass through the cell membrane with assistance from other cellular structures such as large proteins

A

facilitated diffusion

67
Q

the diffusion of water molecules through a semipermeable membrane from a region of higher water concentration (lower solute concentration) to a region of lower water concentration (higher solute concentration)

A

osmosis

68
Q

the process in which the plasma membrane engulfs extracellular material, forming membrane-bound sacs that enter the cytoplasm and thereby move material into the cell

A

endocytosis

69
Q

“cell drinking” the cell takes in fluid filled droplets by forming a pocket in the cell membrane and then pinching off with the fluid and any small nutrients, amino acids, glucose, vitamins, etc. inside

A

pinocytosis

70
Q

“cell eating” the cell engulfs a particle by sending out pseudopods and then consumes the particle with enzymes.

A

phagocytosis

71
Q

the process in which intracellular material is enclosed within a membrane-bound sac that moves to the plasma membrane and fuses with it, releasing the material outside the cell

A

exocytosis

72
Q

particles in the solvent

A

solute

73
Q

liquid the solute is in

A

solvent

74
Q

the mixture

A

solution

75
Q

Iso-

A

equal

76
Q

Tonic

A

tension, refers to amount of solute in the solution

77
Q

same amount of solute particles in the cell as in the solution; a cell neither gains now loses water

A

isotonic solution

78
Q

higher solute concentration outside the cell than inside the cell; a cell loses water and the cytoplasm shrinks

A

hypertonic solution

79
Q

higher solute concentration inside the cell than outside the cell; a call gains water

A

hypotonic solution

80
Q

differences between animal cell and plant cell

A 
animal cells=round
plant cells= rectangular 
animal cells= no cell wall
plant cells= cell wall 
plants= autotrophs 
animals=heterotrophs
81
Q

similarities between animal cell and plant cell

A
  • eukaryotic

- membrane-bound organelles

82
Q

mostly unicellular eukaryotes mostly found in water

A

protists

83
Q

protists consist of a group that has a common ancestor

A

polyphyletic group

84
Q

The 3 modes of nutrition for protists are…

A

photoautotrophs, heterotrophs, and mixotrophs

85
Q

hair-like structures that cover a cellular surface of a protist, and move the protist with coordinated back and forth beating-like motions

A

cilia

86
Q

these are tail-like appendages that whip through the water, propelling the protist forward. There can be one, two, or several of these on the surface of a protozoan

A

flagella

87
Q

this is the movement of cytoplasm within. cells, and typically serves to circulate nutrients and move organelles throughout the cell

A

cytoplasmic streaming

88
Q

various lineages of protists

A

supergroups

89
Q

this supergroup of protists includes parasites as well as many predatory and photosynthetic species

A

supergroup excavata

90
Q

this supergroup of protists includes some of the most important photosynthetic organisms on Earth as well as predatory and parasitic species
may not all have the same most recent common ancestor

A

supergroup chromalveolata

91
Q

this supergroup of protists contains amoebas with threadlike pseudopodia. pseudopodia are extensions of the cytoplasm formed by cytoplasmic streaming

A

supergroup rhizarians

92
Q

this supergroup of protists contains the red algae, green algae, and Kingdom Plantae

A

supergroup archaeplastida

93
Q

this supergroup of protists contains the amoebas, slime molds, as well as the Fungi and Animal kingdoms

A

supergroup unikonta

94
Q

single-celled, prokaryotic organisms that are about 10-100 times smaller than the average human cell

A

Domain Bacteria

95
Q

this strain of bacteria contains 1 thick peptidoglycan layer and 1 plasma membrane. This strain appears violet

A

Gram ‘Positive’

96
Q

this strain of bacteria contains an inner and outer plasma membrane with a thinner peptidoglycan layer in-between. This strain appears red/pinkish

A

Gram ‘Negative’

97
Q

this is a material made of the linking of various proteins that form a very strong chain fence-like structure that is also permeable to most materials

A

peptidoglycan

98
Q

Only difference between gram positive and gram negative

A

thick layer peptidoglycan/ one cell membrane= positive
thin layer/ 2 cell membrane =negative
one cell membrance=

99
Q

(purple of blue) refers to organisms that retain the iodine complex

A

gram positive

100
Q

(pink or red) refers to organisms that lose the iodine complex

A

gram negative

101
Q

Bacteria reproduce by…

A

pili and binary fission

102
Q

what helps dry the bacteria during gram straining?

A

heating it

103
Q

What is the order of chemicals used in gram straining?

A

crystal violet, grams iodine, 95% alcohol, and safranin

Biology 101 (10 decks)

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