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MICROBIOLOGY > lab practical 1 > Flashcards

lab practical 1 Flashcards

1
Q

a spherical bacterium

A

coccus

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2
Q

rod-shaped bacteria

A

bascillus

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3
Q

a spiral-shaped bacterium

A

spirillum

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4
Q

visible mass of cells

A

colony

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5
Q

putting bacteria into a medium

A

innoculation

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6
Q

bacteria used in endospore staining

A

B.cereus

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7
Q

resting caused by lack of nutrients

A

endospore

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8
Q
  • resistance to heat, radiation, acids & chemicals
  • production of calcium dipicolinate
  • cell dehydration
  • spores can be destroyed in an autoclave
A

endospores

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9
Q

Differentiate between vegetative cells & endospores

A

endospore staining

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10
Q

protective protein coat of endospore

A

exosporium

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11
Q

endospore stain and coutnerstain

A

-malachite green
-counterstain: safranin

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12
Q

Waxy lipid, makes cells not permeable to most stains.

A

mycolic acid (acid fast)

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13
Q

primary stain in acid fast is

A

Carbolfuchsin
- stains acid-fast bacteria pink

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14
Q

Counterstain in acid-fast is

A

methylene blue
- stains non-acid-fast bacteria blue

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15
Q

decolorizer for acid fast staining

A

acid alcohol

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16
Q

bacteria used in acid-fast staining

A

mycobacterium smegmatis and stapholococcus

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17
Q

color of mycobacterium in acid fast stain

A

pink because they are acid fast

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18
Q

color of staph aureus in acid-fast stain

A

methylene blue bc they are non-acid fast

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19
Q

establish the difference between acid-fast & non-acid fast cells (differential stain)

A

acid-fast staining

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20
Q
  • E.coli
  • P.aeruginosa
  • S.aureus
A

3 bacteria in the pure culture technique

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21
Q
  • morphology
  • arrangement
  • internal structures
A

Good smears are important to observe

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22
Q

Two types of morphology

A

bacilli: rods
cocci: spherical

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23
Q

Two types of arrangements

A

staph: cluster
strep: chain

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24
Q

invented by christian gram to identify between bacteria and eukarya cells

A

gram staining

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25
Q

gram staining primary stain

A

crystal violet

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26
Q

gram staining mordant stain

A

gram’s iodine

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27
Q

gram staining decolorization

A

ethyl alcohol

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28
Q

gram staining counter stain

A

safranin

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29
Q

monotrichous flagella

A

one flagella

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30
Q

lophotrichous flagella

A

cluster of flagella at one pole

31
Q

peritrichous flagella

A

flagella all over

32
Q

amphitrichous flagella

A

flagella at both poles

33
Q

located under the stage

collects and directs the light from the lamp to the slide being studied

34
Q

Regulates the amount of light on the specimen

A

diaphragm (within condenser)

35
Q

sides of microscope and used to bring objects into focus (up and down)

A

coarse adjustment knob and fine adjustment knob

36
Q

After the crystal violet and iodine have been added to the slide

A

both gram +/- are purple

37
Q

After alcohol has been added to the slide

A

gram + stays purple, but gram - is colorless

38
Q

After safranin is added to the slide

A

gram + remains purple, gram - turns pink/red

39
Q

how long do we store pure culture for

40
Q

at what temperature do we store pure culture at

A

37 degrees C

41
Q

how many times do you go through a flame for heat fixing

42
Q
  • way to distinguish bacteria cells from eukaryotic cells
  • first test used to identify an unknown species of bacteria
  • differential stain based on cell wall structure composition
A

why is gram staining important?

43
Q

bind crystal violet in gram-positive cells; insoluble

A

gram’s iodine

44
Q
A

diplococci

45
Q
A

staphylococci

46
Q
A

streptococci

47
Q
A

chain of bacilli

48
Q
49
Q
A

spirochaetes

50
Q

what method is pictured

A

quadrant streak plate method

51
Q

what is labeled A

52
Q

what is labeled B

A

free spores

53
Q

what is labeled C

A

vegetative bacterial cells

54
Q

pure culture techniques: E.coli

A

white; found in feecle matter
- gram negative
- rod shaped

55
Q

pure culture techniques: P.aeruginosa

A

translucent green; found in environment
- gram negative
- rod shaped

56
Q

pure culture techniques: S.aureus

A

yellow; found on the body
- gram positive
- cocci

57
Q

what technique is pictured

A

pour plate (dilution)

58
Q

endospore staining: vegetative cells will be ____ & endospores will be ____

A

pink; green

59
Q

high heat & high pressure

60
Q

determination of a bacteriophage titer: organisms

A

E. Coli B & T4

61
Q

viruses infecting bacteria cells “bacteria eater”

A

bacteriophage

62
Q
  • are obligate intracellular parasites
  • have to invade a host cell to replicate and reproduce
  • lack any metabolic machinery and protein sythesis
A

bacteriophage

63
Q

single viral particle

64
Q
  • infects E. Coli B exclusively
  • lyric infection
  • productive infection
  • ability is used in phage typing of pathogens
A

T4 bacteriophage

65
Q

number of produced virion

A

burst size

66
Q

bacterial growth

A

confluent lawn

67
Q

clearing of bacteria in a lawn due to lysis

68
Q

determined by counting plaques’ number of viral particles

A

plaque forming units (PFUs)

69
Q

motility determination: organisms

A

bacillus cereus & Klebsiella pneumoniae

70
Q

what causes bacterial motility

A
  • occurs in rod- and spiral- shaped bacteria
  • almost never occurs in cocci
  • flagella (movement in response to chemotaxis)
71
Q

true movement from point A to B

A

chemotaxis

72
Q

is caused by current movement under the cover glass
- caused by molecules bombarding cells
- results in “juggling” motion

A

brownian motion

73
Q
  • filament
  • hook
  • shaft
  • gram positive bacteria: MS ring
  • gram negative bacteria: MS, L & P
  • basal body
  • proton motive force induces MS ring rotation
A

flagellum components

74
Q

amphilophostrichous flagella

A

a lot of flagella at both ends

MICROBIOLOGY (8 decks)

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