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Physiology > Lab Midterm > Flashcards

Lab Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

What are the order of the body from smallest to largest?

A

Cell->tissue->organ->system

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2
Q

The intracellular compartment contains?

A

67% of fluid in the body

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3
Q

The extracellular compartment contains?

A

33% of the fluid in the body

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4
Q

What are the two parts of the extracellular fluid?

A

Blood Plasma

Interstitial fluid

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5
Q

Does carrier mediated transport require energy?

A

Yes

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6
Q

What is Fick’s Law?

A

Rate of diffusion=[(delta C)(temp)(x-area)]/{(d)(MW)]

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7
Q

What is the definition of solubility?

A

Maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a certain amount of solvent at a given temp

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8
Q

A solute is?

A

substance dissolved

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9
Q

A solvent is?

A

substance that does the dissolving

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10
Q

What is osmosis?

A

The net diffusion of water from an area of greater water concentration to an area of lesser water concentration down a concentration down a concentration gradient

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11
Q

What is dialysis?

A

The net diffusion of a solute through a selectively permeable membrane

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12
Q

Something that is hypertonic contains?

A

less solute and more water than extracellular enviroment

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13
Q

Something that is hypotonic contains?

A

Cells contain more solute and less water than extracellular enviroment

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14
Q

What is the senses feedback loop?

A

Homeostasis->stimulus->brain->response

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15
Q

What are the 5 senses?

A

Taste, smell, vision, hearing and touch

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16
Q

Pain receptors are also referred to as what?

A

nociceptors

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17
Q

What are the two types of photoreceptors and what do they do?

A

Rods (sensitive to lights)

Cones (Sensitive to colors)

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18
Q

What is protan?

A

defect in red cones

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19
Q

What is deuteran?

A

a defect in green cones

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20
Q

What is tritan?

A

a defect in red cones

21
Q

a defect in red cones ?

A

is tritan

22
Q

a defect in red cones?

A

deuteran

23
Q

defect in red cones ?

A

is protan

24
Q

What are the 5 taste receptors?

A

sweet, salty, sour, bitter, and savory

25
Q

What are the 3 small bones in the middle ear?

A

Malleus incus stapes

26
Q

What organ regulated blood glucose?

A

the pancreas

27
Q

What two types of glands are in the pancreas? What do they do?

A

endocrine-hormones

exocrine- enzymes, fluids, ions

28
Q

What are the 2 cells within the Islets of Langerhans and which secrete insulin and glucagon?

A

Alpha-secretes glucagon
Beta-secretes insulin
Delta

29
Q

What are the overlapping functions of the NS

A

Sensory input
Integration
Motor Output

30
Q

What is membrane potential?

A

the potential difference in charge across a membrane

31
Q

Hyperpolarization is?

A

the inside is more negative

32
Q

Depolarization is?

A

the inside is more negative

33
Q

In graded potential, the?

A

magnitude of the change depends on the strength of the stimulus

34
Q

What is the primary goal of muscles?

A

to convert chemical energy into mechanical work

35
Q

What are the two fundamental features of muscles?

A

Muscle cells are excitable

Muscles only have one basic mechanism of action (contract and relax )

36
Q

Myofibrils contain?

A

sarcomeres

37
Q

Sarcomeres contain?

A

actin and myosin

38
Q

All sarcomeres must do what to contract the muscle?

A

contract simultaneously

39
Q

What are the three types of skeletal muscle fibers?

A

oxidative fibers
Oxidative-glycolytic fibers
Glycolytic fibers

40
Q

oxidative fibers have?

A

many mitochondira, resistant to fatigue and good for distance running

41
Q

Oxidative-glycolytic fibers have?

A

Red and fast twitch, many mitochondria, middle distance running/swimming

42
Q

Glycolytic fibers have?

A

White and fast twitch, fastest contractile, easily fatigued, few mitochondria, good for sprinting

43
Q

What are the 4 elements to muscle contraction?

A
  • nerve must activate a skeletal muscle cell
  • Nerve activation increases the concentration of calcium in the vicinity of the contractile proteins
  • presence of calcium permits contraction
  • When muscles are no longer stimulated by a nerve contraction ends
44
Q

What is a twitch?

A

contraction resulting from a stimulus of sufficient strength and duration applied to muscle

45
Q

What is a summation?

A

If a muscle is restimulated before the twitch is relaxed, the second twitch will add strength to the first

46
Q

What is tetanus?

A

state of contration without relaxation caused by short intervals between stimuli

47
Q

What is fatigue?

A

a condition caused when ATP is used faster that can be produced

48
Q

What is the legth-tension relationship?

A

Skeletal muscle operate with greatest active force when close to an ideal length and when stretched beyond this length, the maximum active generated can greatly decrease

49
Q

Muscular-dystrophy is?

A

an inherited disease in which the absence of a single protein causes a leak of calcium into the muscle cells

Physiology (7 decks)

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