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Biol 112 > Lab Exam 2nd > Flashcards

Lab Exam 2nd Flashcards

1
Q

Ways to classify animals:

A

Symmetry, Tissue & organs, Body cavity, embryonic development, DNA evidence

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2
Q

Types of Symmetry:

A

Asymmetrical, Bilateral, Radial

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3
Q

Asymmetrical symmetry

A

Irregular shape, Only in Porifera and PHYLUM Placozoa

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4
Q

Bilateral Symmetry

A

Left and right side. Mirror images if cut down the middle.

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5
Q

Radial Symmetry

A

Parts radiate from center. Phylum Cnidaria, Ctenophore, and adult Echinoderms

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6
Q

3 germ layers:

A

No true tissues, Diploblastic, Triploblastic

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7
Q

No true tissues

A

1 germ layers, Sponges and Placozoa

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8
Q

Diploblastic

A

2 germ layers (endoderm and ectoderm). Cnidarians and Ctenophores

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9
Q

Triploblastic

A

3 layers (endoderm, ectoderm, mesoderm).

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10
Q

Ectoderm

A

outermost layer; skin & nervous system

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11
Q

Endoderm

A

innermost layer; gut, liver, lungs

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12
Q

Mesoderm

A

middle layer, skeleton, heart, kidney, muscle, blood

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13
Q

Types of Body cavities

A

Acoelomate, Pseudocoelomate, Coelomate

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14
Q

Acoelomate

A

no body cavity

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15
Q

Pseudocoelomate

A

Body cavity between mesoderm and endoderm (organs attached at mouth and anus)

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16
Q

Coelomate

A

Body cavity completely lined with mesoderm

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17
Q

Coelom Purpose

A
  1. Fluid within body cavity cushions suspended organs
  2. Allows internal organs to grow and move independently of the outer body wall.
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18
Q

Sponges

A

Porifera;
Choanocytes,
Spicules
Osculum

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19
Q

Simple sponges

A

Asconoid

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20
Q

Small canals extending from spongocoel

A

Syconoid

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21
Q

Choanocytes distributed along chambers that branch off from (common)

A

Leuconoid

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22
Q

Cnidaria

A

inner gastrodermis; Cnidocytes (stinging); jellyfish; Hydrostatic skeleton; Gastrovascular cavity (feeding)

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23
Q

Statocysts

A

primitive sense on cnidaria

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24
Q

Nematocysts

A

stinging organelles within cnidocytes (stinging cells)

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25
Q

Two cnidaria taxa

A

Anthozoa, Medusozoa

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26
Q

Medusozoa two groups

A

Scyphozoa (jellies), Cubozoa (box jellies, sea box)

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27
Q

Protostomes in two groups

A

Ecdysozoa, Lophotrochozoa

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28
Q

Schizocoelous

A

protostome

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29
Q

Enterocoelous

A

Deuterostome

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30
Q

Nematoda

A

Pseudocoelomate, Longitudinal muscles only;
Roundworms, Vinegar Eels, Trichinella

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31
Q

Arthropoda

A

jointed appendages, segmented body, exoskeleton - chitin, open circulatory system

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32
Q

Arthropoda subphylums

A

Myriapoda (centi/millipedes),
Chelicerata (4 pairs legs, 2 body regions, gills/book lungs, 6 appendages),
Pancrustacea (heavy segmented, compound eyes, mandibles, 3 body regions)

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33
Q

Lophotrochozoans

A

spiral cell division; lophophore, trochophore

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34
Q

Platyhelminthes

A

Acoelomate, cephalization; Catenulida, Rhabditophora

35
Q

Catenulida

A

nonmotile sperm, single testis

36
Q

Rhabditophore: Turbellaria

A

free-living, ‘eyespots’, protrusible pharyx

37
Q

Rhabiditophora; Trematoda

A

flukes, two suckers, hosts

38
Q

Rhabditophore: Cestoda

A

Tapeworms

39
Q

Brachiopoda

A

Lophophore and pedicle

40
Q

Brachipode: Inarticulata

A

simple hinge and mechanism (no teeth); Pedicle anchors in soft sediment, setae

41
Q

Brachipods: Articulata

A

Articulated valves ‘teeth’, complex hinge, pedicle anchors on rocks

42
Q

Mollusca

A

Foot, Visceral Mass, mantle, radula, open circulatory

43
Q

Mollusca; Gastropoda

A

torsion

44
Q

Mollusca: Bivalvia

A

two hinged valves, incurrent and excurrent siphons, 4 oversized gills

45
Q

Mollusca: Cephalopoda

A

CLOSED circulatory system (3 hearts)
good eyes
intellegent

46
Q

Annelida: Segment worms

A

Truly segmented body cavity, closed circulatory system

47
Q

Excretory system include

A

Kidney, Bladder, Urethra

48
Q

Kidney functions

A

Remove metabolic wastes
Regulate fluid balance, electrolyte balance, pH levels, blood pressure
FILTRATION and REABSORPTION

49
Q

cortex

A

contains fluid-filtering chambers

50
Q

medulla

A

long loops of renal tubules
carry urine

51
Q

renal pelvis

A

collecting ducts merge

52
Q

ureter

A

carries urine away from kidneys into the urinary bladder

53
Q

2 nephron parts

A

renal corpuscle (filters blood plasma) and renal tubule (converts the filtrate to urine)

54
Q

Ammonia waste

A

bony fish, tadpoles; highly toxic; use most water

55
Q

Urea waste

A

mammals, turtles, amphibians, sharks. Energy to concentrate excretion

56
Q

Uric Acid

A

reptiles (birds); insoluble in water, conserves water, conserves energy

57
Q

3 Phyla of Deuterostomes

A

Hermichordata, Echinodermata, Chordata

58
Q

Echinodermata

A

water vascular system, tube feet, radial canals, madreporite (calcite plates called ossicles)

59
Q

Echinodermata: Crinoidea

A

Sea lilies : sessile- some have pedicellaria
and feather stars : swim
feathered arms around dorsal mouth

60
Q

Echinodermata: Echinoidea

A

Sea urchin and Sand Dollars: uneverenly spherical or disc shapes. Aristotle’s Lantern (5 teeth on the oral surface) feeding

61
Q

Echinodermata: Holothuroidea

A

Sea Cucumbers: Elongated shape. Bilateral symmetry. Lack spines. Throw up intestines (poison) regenerate intestines

62
Q

Echinodermata: Asteroidea

A

Sea Stars: suckers feet; throw up stomach to consume prey

63
Q

Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea

A

Brittle stars and Basket stars: long, flexible arms, tube feet (no suckers), sensory perception, Asexual

64
Q

Chordata 5 traits

A

1.Notochord,
2.Dorsal hollow nerve cord,
3.Pharyngeal gill slits,
4.Post-anal tail,
5.Endostyle/ Thyroid Gland

65
Q

Chordata: Cephalochordata

A

Sea lancelts: all 5 traits unmodified.

66
Q

Chordata: Urochordata

A

Tunicate (sea Squirts); larvae have all 5 traits; notochord, nerve chord, and tail lost as adult (sessile). TUNICIN skin; two siphons (one enter one exit)

67
Q

How many genes do Urochordataes have in comparison to most chordates

A

Only have 9 in comparison to 13

68
Q

Vertebrata: Myxini

A

Hagfish: jawless, cartilage, no backbone, tentacles mouth; MUCUS

69
Q

Vertebrata: pertromyzontida

A

Lampreys: cartilage backbone; parasites; rasping tongue

70
Q

Veterbrata: Gnathostomata

A

JAW, TWO SETS OF PAIRED APPENDAGES

71
Q

Gnathostomata: Sharks and Rays

A

cartilage skeleton, placoid scales; urea

72
Q

Gnathostomata: Osteichthyes

A

Bony Fish and Tetrapods: bone, bones in finds/limbs –> Sarcopterygii

73
Q

Osterichthyes: Actinopterygii:

A

Ray-finned Fish: Bony rays in fins, swim bladder, cycloid scales

74
Q

Sarcopterygii: Actinstia

A

Lobe finned fish: deep oceans

75
Q

Sarcoptergii: Dipnoi

A

Lungfish: gills and lungs. walk on fins

76
Q

tetrapoda: Amphibia

A

incompletely terrestrial, gas exchange through skin

77
Q

Amnoita:

A

Tetrapods on dry land: thick skin, lungs, internal fertilization, amniotic egg

78
Q

Mammalia

A

endothermic, hair/fur, 4 chambered hart, mammary glands

79
Q

Reptilia

A

epidermal scales, lethery or hard shells on amniotic eggs prevent water loss, uric acid

80
Q

Birds

A

Hollow skeleton, 4-chamber heart, feathers, no bladder

81
Q

Anapsid

A

no holes behind eyes: Amphibians and turtles

82
Q

Synapsid

A

: one hole behind eyes;mammals

83
Q

Diapsid

A

two holes behind eyes: Dinosaurs, birds, reptiles not turtles

Biol 112 (7 decks)

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