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Biol 112 > Lab Exam 2nd > Flashcards

Lab Exam 2nd Flashcards

1
Q

Ways to classify animals:

A

Symmetry, Tissue & organs, Body cavity, embryonic development, DNA evidence

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2
Q

Types of Symmetry:

A

Asymmetrical, Bilateral, Radial

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3
Q

Asymmetrical symmetry

A

Irregular shape, Only in Porifera and PHYLUM Placozoa

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4
Q

Bilateral Symmetry

A

Left and right side. Mirror images if cut down the middle.

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5
Q

Radial Symmetry

A

Parts radiate from center. Phylum Cnidaria, Ctenophore, and adult Echinoderms

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6
Q

3 germ layers:

A

No true tissues, Diploblastic, Triploblastic

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7
Q

No true tissues

A

1 germ layers, Sponges and Placozoa

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8
Q

Diploblastic

A

2 germ layers (endoderm and ectoderm). Cnidarians and Ctenophores

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9
Q

Triploblastic

A

3 layers (endoderm, ectoderm, mesoderm).

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10
Q

Ectoderm

A

outermost layer; skin & nervous system

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11
Q

Endoderm

A

innermost layer; gut, liver, lungs

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12
Q

Mesoderm

A

middle layer, skeleton, heart, kidney, muscle, blood

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13
Q

Types of Body cavities

A

Acoelomate, Pseudocoelomate, Coelomate

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14
Q

Acoelomate

A

no body cavity

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15
Q

Pseudocoelomate

A

Body cavity between mesoderm and endoderm (organs attached at mouth and anus)

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16
Q

Coelomate

A

Body cavity completely lined with mesoderm

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17
Q

Coelom Purpose

A
  1. Fluid within body cavity cushions suspended organs
  2. Allows internal organs to grow and move independently of the outer body wall.
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18
Q

Sponges

A

Porifera;
Choanocytes,
Spicules
Osculum

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19
Q

Simple sponges

A

Asconoid

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20
Q

Small canals extending from spongocoel

A

Syconoid

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21
Q

Choanocytes distributed along chambers that branch off from (common)

A

Leuconoid

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22
Q

Cnidaria

A

inner gastrodermis; Cnidocytes (stinging); jellyfish; Hydrostatic skeleton; Gastrovascular cavity (feeding)

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23
Q

Statocysts

A

primitive sense on cnidaria

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24
Q

Nematocysts

A

stinging organelles within cnidocytes (stinging cells)

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25
Two cnidaria taxa
Anthozoa, Medusozoa
26
Medusozoa two groups
Scyphozoa (jellies), Cubozoa (box jellies, sea box)
27
Protostomes in two groups
Ecdysozoa, Lophotrochozoa
28
Schizocoelous
protostome
29
Enterocoelous
Deuterostome
30
Nematoda
Pseudocoelomate, Longitudinal muscles only; Roundworms, Vinegar Eels, Trichinella
31
Arthropoda
jointed appendages, segmented body, exoskeleton - chitin, open circulatory system
32
Arthropoda subphylums
Myriapoda (centi/millipedes), Chelicerata (4 pairs legs, 2 body regions, gills/book lungs, 6 appendages), Pancrustacea (heavy segmented, compound eyes, mandibles, 3 body regions)
33
Lophotrochozoans
spiral cell division; lophophore, trochophore
34
Platyhelminthes
Acoelomate, cephalization; Catenulida, Rhabditophora
35
Catenulida
nonmotile sperm, single testis
36
Rhabditophore: Turbellaria
free-living, 'eyespots', protrusible pharyx
37
Rhabiditophora; Trematoda
flukes, two suckers, hosts
38
Rhabditophore: Cestoda
Tapeworms
39
Brachiopoda
Lophophore and pedicle
40
Brachipode: Inarticulata
simple hinge and mechanism (no teeth); Pedicle anchors in soft sediment, setae
41
Brachipods: Articulata
Articulated valves 'teeth', complex hinge, pedicle anchors on rocks
42
Mollusca
Foot, Visceral Mass, mantle, radula, open circulatory
43
Mollusca; Gastropoda
torsion
44
Mollusca: Bivalvia
two hinged valves, incurrent and excurrent siphons, 4 oversized gills
45
Mollusca: Cephalopoda
CLOSED circulatory system (3 hearts) good eyes intellegent
46
Annelida: Segment worms
Truly segmented body cavity, closed circulatory system
47
Excretory system include
Kidney, Bladder, Urethra
48
Kidney functions
Remove metabolic wastes Regulate fluid balance, electrolyte balance, pH levels, blood pressure FILTRATION and REABSORPTION
49
cortex
contains fluid-filtering chambers
50
medulla
long loops of renal tubules carry urine
51
renal pelvis
collecting ducts merge
52
ureter
carries urine away from kidneys into the urinary bladder
53
2 nephron parts
renal corpuscle (filters blood plasma) and renal tubule (converts the filtrate to urine)
54
Ammonia waste
bony fish, tadpoles; highly toxic; use most water
55
Urea waste
mammals, turtles, amphibians, sharks. Energy to concentrate excretion
56
Uric Acid
reptiles (birds); insoluble in water, conserves water, conserves energy
57
3 Phyla of Deuterostomes
Hermichordata, Echinodermata, Chordata
58
Echinodermata
water vascular system, tube feet, radial canals, madreporite (calcite plates called ossicles)
59
Echinodermata: Crinoidea
Sea lilies : sessile- some have pedicellaria and feather stars : swim feathered arms around dorsal mouth
60
Echinodermata: Echinoidea
Sea urchin and Sand Dollars: uneverenly spherical or disc shapes. Aristotle's Lantern (5 teeth on the oral surface) feeding
61
Echinodermata: Holothuroidea
Sea Cucumbers: Elongated shape. Bilateral symmetry. Lack spines. Throw up intestines (poison) regenerate intestines
62
Echinodermata: Asteroidea
Sea Stars: suckers feet; throw up stomach to consume prey
63
Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea
Brittle stars and Basket stars: long, flexible arms, tube feet (no suckers), sensory perception, Asexual
64
Chordata 5 traits
1.Notochord, 2.Dorsal hollow nerve cord, 3.Pharyngeal gill slits, 4.Post-anal tail, 5.Endostyle/ Thyroid Gland
65
Chordata: Cephalochordata
Sea lancelts: all 5 traits unmodified.
66
Chordata: Urochordata
Tunicate (sea Squirts); larvae have all 5 traits; notochord, nerve chord, and tail lost as adult (sessile). TUNICIN skin; two siphons (one enter one exit)
67
How many genes do Urochordataes have in comparison to most chordates
Only have 9 in comparison to 13
68
Vertebrata: Myxini
Hagfish: jawless, cartilage, no backbone, tentacles mouth; MUCUS
69
Vertebrata: pertromyzontida
Lampreys: cartilage backbone; parasites; rasping tongue
70
Veterbrata: Gnathostomata
JAW, TWO SETS OF PAIRED APPENDAGES
71
Gnathostomata: Sharks and Rays
cartilage skeleton, placoid scales; urea
72
Gnathostomata: Osteichthyes
Bony Fish and Tetrapods: bone, bones in finds/limbs --> Sarcopterygii
73
Osterichthyes: Actinopterygii:
Ray-finned Fish: Bony rays in fins, swim bladder, cycloid scales
74
Sarcopterygii: Actinstia
Lobe finned fish: deep oceans
75
Sarcoptergii: Dipnoi
Lungfish: gills and lungs. walk on fins
76
tetrapoda: Amphibia
incompletely terrestrial, gas exchange through skin
77
Amnoita:
Tetrapods on dry land: thick skin, lungs, internal fertilization, amniotic egg
78
Mammalia
endothermic, hair/fur, 4 chambered hart, mammary glands
79
Reptilia
epidermal scales, lethery or hard shells on amniotic eggs prevent water loss, uric acid
80
Birds
Hollow skeleton, 4-chamber heart, feathers, no bladder
81
Anapsid
no holes behind eyes: Amphibians and turtles
82
Synapsid
: one hole behind eyes;mammals
83
Diapsid
two holes behind eyes: Dinosaurs, birds, reptiles not turtles

Biol 112 (7 decks)

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