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biol 112 > Lab Exam 1 > Flashcards

Lab Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

plesiomorphic character

A

ancestral trait that all future generations still have (and started with)

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2
Q

Apomorphic character

A

Derived; some generations have this character because came later (not from ancestor)

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3
Q

Synapomorphic

A

derived but shared traits (two species have the same trait but no from a common ancestor)

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4
Q

Autapomorphic

A

derived trait but unique to only that species

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5
Q

homologous features

A

one trait that is shared by all species due to the same path

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6
Q

analogous species

A

one trait that make multiple appearances (but not all species has it)

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7
Q

parsimonious

A

easiest tree to follow is the correct one

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8
Q

ingroup

A

traits that are on the ‘main branch’ of a phylogeny

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9
Q

outgroup

A

traits one the branches on a phylogeny

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10
Q

seeds

A

protect and nourish an embryo

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11
Q

vascular tissue

A

xylem and phloem: move nutrients and water around more effectively (many w roots)

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12
Q

Bryophytes

A

seedless and nonvascular; ex: moss and liverwort

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13
Q

Tracheophytes

A

lignin in cell wall, xylem and phloem, grow larger, drier environments; two groups: Lycophytes and Monilophytes; ex: ferns (Monilophyte)

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14
Q

Spermatophytes

A

seed plants; xylem and phloem; two types: gymnosperm and angiosperm

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15
Q

Taxa without fruit (seed plants)

A

Confierophyta, Cycadophyta, Ginkophyta, and Gnetophyta

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16
Q

Angiopsperm two groups

A

monocot and dicot

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17
Q

Domain Bacteria characteristic

A

cell wall of peptidoglycan

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18
Q

Three basic bacteria shapes

A

cocci, bacillus, spirillum

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19
Q

Cocci

A

circle

20
Q

Bacili

A

Rod

21
Q

Spirilli

A

Sprial

22
Q

Cyanobacteria

A

can photosynthesize; call heterocyst: focus on nitrogen fixation

23
Q

Akinetes

A

spore-form cells have thick cell wall to protect from harsh environments

24
Q

Examples of cyanobacteria

A

Cylindrosperum

25
Q

Archaea main characteristics

A

lack peptidoglycan, have histones and introns in DNA code, inhabit ‘extreme’ environments, branching hydrocarbons in their cell membrane

26
Q

Eukarya domain characteristics

A

have a true nucleus,

27
Q

Paramecium

A

has cilia

28
Q

Amoeba

A

pseudopod

29
Q

Euglena

A

flagellum

30
Q

Eukarya supergroups

A

Archaeplastida, Unikonta (Amoebozoa and Opisthokonta), the SAR clade (Rhizaria and Chromalveolata), and Exacavata

31
Q

Unikonta includes which two groups

A

Amoebozoa and Opisthokonta

32
Q

Amoebozoa distinct feature

A

lobe or tube-shaped pseudopodia (used to move)

33
Q

What is included in the SAR supergroup?

A

Stramenopiles, Alveolates, Rhizarians

34
Q

Stramenopiles distinct feature

A

two flagella on each cells (one smooth one hairy)

35
Q

Stremnopile examples

A

Diatoms and Achyla

36
Q

Alveolates distinct feature

A

membrane enclosed sac (alveolus)

37
Q

Alveolate example

A

Blepharisma (ciliate), ,Stentor(ciliate), Peridinium (dinoflagellate), Plasmodium ( an apicomplexan)

38
Q

Rhizarians distinct feature

A

tests (shells) made of calcium carbonate, and thin pseudopodia (threadlike that stick out from test)

39
Q

Rhizarians example

A

faraminiferans, and radiolarians

40
Q

Extracavata distinct feature

A

feeding grove in one side; Euglenozoa

41
Q

Euglenozoea example and info

A

mixotrophic; euglena

42
Q

Archaeplastida inludes

A

Chlorophytes and Charophytes

43
Q

Chlorphytes

A

phlorophyll a and b and cholorplast, cell wall with cellulose and store starch

44
Q

Chlorophyte examples

A

Chlamydomonas and volvox

45
Q

Charophyte

A

cloests to land platns; common in wet habitatas

46
Q

Charophyte example

A

Spirogyra

47
Q

Excavata group:

A

Euglenozoa

biol 112 (7 decks)

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