Lab Exam 1

Question 1

plesiomorphic character

Answer 1

ancestral trait that all future generations still have (and started with)

Question 2

Apomorphic character

Answer 2

Derived; some generations have this character because came later (not from ancestor)

Question 3

Synapomorphic

Answer 3

derived but shared traits (two species have the same trait but no from a common ancestor)

Question 4

Autapomorphic

Answer 4

derived trait but unique to only that species

Question 5

homologous features

Answer 5

one trait that is shared by all species due to the same path

Question 6

analogous species

Answer 6

one trait that make multiple appearances (but not all species has it)

Question 7

parsimonious

Answer 7

easiest tree to follow is the correct one

Question 8

ingroup

Answer 8

traits that are on the ‘main branch’ of a phylogeny

Question 9

outgroup

Answer 9

traits one the branches on a phylogeny

Question 10

seeds

Answer 10

protect and nourish an embryo

Question 11

vascular tissue

Answer 11

xylem and phloem: move nutrients and water around more effectively (many w roots)

Question 12

Bryophytes

Answer 12

seedless and nonvascular; ex: moss and liverwort

Question 13

Tracheophytes

Answer 13

lignin in cell wall, xylem and phloem, grow larger, drier environments; two groups: Lycophytes and Monilophytes; ex: ferns (Monilophyte)

Question 14

Spermatophytes

Answer 14

seed plants; xylem and phloem; two types: gymnosperm and angiosperm

Question 15

Taxa without fruit (seed plants)

Answer 15

Confierophyta, Cycadophyta, Ginkophyta, and Gnetophyta

Question 16

Angiopsperm two groups

Answer 16

monocot and dicot

Question 17

Domain Bacteria characteristic

Answer 17

cell wall of peptidoglycan

Question 18

Three basic bacteria shapes

Answer 18

cocci, bacillus, spirillum

Question 19

Cocci

Answer 19

circle

Question 20

Bacili

Answer 20

Rod

Question 21

Spirilli

Answer 21

Sprial

Question 22

Cyanobacteria

Answer 22

can photosynthesize; call heterocyst: focus on nitrogen fixation

Question 23

Akinetes

Answer 23

spore-form cells have thick cell wall to protect from harsh environments

Question 24

Examples of cyanobacteria

Answer 24

Cylindrosperum

Question 25

Archaea main characteristics

Answer 25

lack peptidoglycan, have histones and introns in DNA code, inhabit 'extreme' environments, branching hydrocarbons in their cell membrane

Question 26

Eukarya domain characteristics

Answer 26

have a true nucleus,

Question 27

Paramecium

Answer 27

has cilia

Question 28

Amoeba

Answer 28

pseudopod

Question 29

Euglena

Answer 29

flagellum

Question 30

Eukarya supergroups

Answer 30

Archaeplastida, Unikonta (Amoebozoa and Opisthokonta), the SAR clade (Rhizaria and Chromalveolata), and Exacavata

Question 31

Unikonta includes which two groups

Answer 31

Amoebozoa and Opisthokonta

Question 32

Amoebozoa distinct feature

Answer 32

lobe or tube-shaped pseudopodia (used to move)

Question 33

What is included in the SAR supergroup?

Answer 33

Stramenopiles, Alveolates, Rhizarians

Question 34

Stramenopiles distinct feature

Answer 34

two flagella on each cells (one smooth one hairy)

Question 35

Stremnopile examples

Answer 35

Diatoms and Achyla

Question 36

Alveolates distinct feature

Answer 36

membrane enclosed sac (alveolus)

Question 37

Alveolate example

Answer 37

Blepharisma (ciliate), ,Stentor(ciliate), Peridinium (dinoflagellate), Plasmodium ( an apicomplexan)

Question 38

Rhizarians distinct feature

Answer 38

tests (shells) made of calcium carbonate, and thin pseudopodia (threadlike that stick out from test)

Question 39

Rhizarians example

Answer 39

faraminiferans, and radiolarians

Question 40

Extracavata distinct feature

Answer 40

feeding grove in one side; Euglenozoa

Question 41

Euglenozoea example and info

Answer 41

mixotrophic; euglena

Question 42

Archaeplastida inludes

Answer 42

Chlorophytes and Charophytes

Question 43

Chlorphytes

Answer 43

phlorophyll a and b and cholorplast, cell wall with cellulose and store starch

Question 44

Chlorophyte examples

Answer 44

Chlamydomonas and volvox

Question 45

Charophyte

Answer 45

cloests to land platns; common in wet habitatas

Question 46

Charophyte example

Answer 46

Spirogyra

Question 47

Excavata group:

Answer 47

Euglenozoa