Ch 25 Exam 3 Flashcards
Shared Characteristics between Green Algae and Plants
-multicellularity
-cell walls with cellulose
-chloroplasts with same pigments (chlorophyll. a & b)
-storage molecule is starch
Water to Land plant adaptations
-Life cycle in all land plants exhibits the alternation of generations
-An apical meristem tissues
-Waxy cuticle to resist desiccation
-Cell walls: lignin
Egg protected in
archegonium
Sperm protected in
antheridium
Waxy cuticle
-waxy coat stops disiccation
-pores to allow CO2/O2 exchange
-controllable stomata
Bryophytes
Nonvascular-
Haploid gametophyte is dominant:
dominant=longest lasting/largest
makes eggs & flagellated sperm
most are small, moist areas
Diploid sporophyte
archegonium, sporangium
Liverwort
elevated gametophytes (treelike)
Hornwort
symbiotic relationship with nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria
Mosses
-most numerous
-extreme environments
sporophyte grows up from female gametophyte to gain elevation for spore dispersal
Homosporous spore producution
most seedless vascular plants:
sporangium on sporophyll –> single type of spore –> typically a bisexual gametophyte –> eggs&sperm
Heterosporous spore production
all seed plants and few seedless vascualar plants:
megasporangium on megasporophyll –> megaspore –> female gametophyte –> eggs
microsporangium on microsporophyll –> microspore –> male gametophyte –> sperm
Lycophytes
club mosses and relatives
Pterophytes
ferns and relatives
Whisk ferns (psilotum)
-dichotomous branching
-no true leaves or roots
-homosporous
-photosynthesis occurs in stem
Horsetails (equisetum)
-jointed stems with tiny leaves
-Strobili
-Homosporous
-photosynthesis occurs in stems
