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Exercise Physiology Lab > Lab Exam 2- Lab 8 > Flashcards

Lab Exam 2- Lab 8 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the best overall indicator of cardiorespiratory function

A

VO2 max

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2
Q

what provides a more sensitive measurement of changes in cardiorespiratory function

A

cardiac and hemodynamic assessments (BP)

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3
Q

common measurements for all GXT procedures include

A

cardiac electrical conduction through 12 lead ECGs
RPE
O2 consumption
BP

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4
Q

what is one of the most valuable and convenient indicators of CV health

A

BP

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5
Q

how many americans have high blood pressure

A

one third of Americans have hypertension which can be present without symptoms

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6
Q

blood pressure is recorded as

A

a ratio of systolic pressure/diastolic pressure
BP= sBP/dBP

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7
Q

systolic blood pressure

A

the pressure in the arteries when the heart contracts

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8
Q

diastolic pressure

A

the pressure in the arteries when the heart is filling in between beats

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9
Q

pulse pressure (PP)

A

the difference between diastolic and systolic pressures
PP= sBP-dBP

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10
Q

healthy blood pressure is defined as

A

less than 120/80 mmHg

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11
Q

as we age what happens to blood pressure

A

BP rises steadily with age due to arterial stiffness and plaque buildup

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12
Q

mean arterial pressure (MAP)

A

the average pressure in the arteries during a cardiac cycle

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13
Q

importance of MAP

A

determines the rate of blood flow through vasculature

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14
Q

how to calculate MAP at rest

A

1/3 PP + dBP

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15
Q

why is MAP calculated the way it is

A

because the heart is in diastole (relaxation) for 2/3 of the cardiac cycle AT REST** meaning it is not accurate during exercise because the heart is in SYSTOLE the majority of the time compared to rest

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16
Q

how is MAP determined centrally

A

by cardiac output (Q)

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17
Q

how is MAP calculated peripherally

A

via TPR or total peripheral resistance

MAP = Q*TPR

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18
Q

TPR

A

the sum of the resistance of blood flow in the vasculature

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19
Q

blood pressure is influenced by

A

anything that influences Q and TPR and increasing ANY of these variables will increase BP

20
Q

why does BP increase during exercise

A

due to a large increase in Q

21
Q

how does Q increase during exercise

A

elevated HR and LVR contractility as a result of SNS + increased venous return (preload)

22
Q

MAP refers to

A

afterload and is a barrier to the ejection of blood from the ventricles

23
Q

if you have a higher afterload what happens to SV

A

increases because SV must increase more than BP to pump blood to the body

24
Q

what helps reduce the effects of increased afterload after exercise

A

vasodilation of the arterioles supplying the blood to the active muscles

25
Q

net effect of exercise on BP

A

increase in systolic BP due to increased Q and no change in dBP due to vasodilation

26
Q

aerobic exercise training effects on BP

A

decreases resting and submaximal exercise BP and decreases TPR (vascular tone)

27
Q

what happens to BP at maximal exercise

A

dBP changes
sBP and MAP do not change

28
Q

does weight loss have favorable or unfavorable influences on BP

A

favorable

29
Q

benefits of performing GXT

A

powerful predictive and diagnostic capabilities
useful for testing different things in different individuals
extending medical history and physical
evaluating exertional discomfort
evaluating hidden CHD
identifying risk in patients with known CVD
Rx exercise

30
Q

prior to GXT subjects are classified into 3 risk categories based on

A

age
known disease
risk factors

categories are low, medium, and high

31
Q

when can the GXT be stopped

A

at a predetermined point (%HRmax) or point of volitional exhaustion
chest pain/breathlessness

32
Q

relative criteria for stopping GXT

A

subjects discretion

33
Q

absolute criteria for stopping GXT

A

always stopped

34
Q

ECG and BP abnormalities during an exercise test may be indicative of or predictive of

A

CAD and suggest need for further testing

35
Q

changes in cardiac function during GXT

A

linear increase in HR to max
linear increase in SV until a certain intensity

36
Q

when does SV plateau in untrained individuals

A

approx 50%

37
Q

when does SV plateau in trained individuals

A

at higher than 50% intensities and may not ever plateau in elite athletes

38
Q

what happens to Q during GXT

A

Q increases greatly at first and less as SV plateaus

39
Q

ECG

A

electrocardiogram
an indicator of the hearts ability to function normally under increased myocardial O2 demand

40
Q

what is normal and can be seen in reduced RR intervals and minor QRS complex and P wave changes

A

altered AP duration, conduction velocity and contractile velocity associated with an increase in HR during exercise

41
Q

arrhythmias not present at rest can be present during

A

execise as conduction disturbances and myocardial ischemia (reduced blood flow)

42
Q

most common sign of myocardial ischemia during GXT is

A

ST segment depression

43
Q

central feature of GXT is

A

functional exercise capacity since VO2 is the best predictor of CV function

44
Q

prognostic capabilities of GXT are defined by normal and abnormal cardiac and hemodynamic changes . what is considered normal

A

achieve >80% predicted HRR
sBP increases 5 mmHg per MET
HRrecovery decreases 12 bpm in 1 minute
3 min post exercise sBP <90%max sBP
normal cardiac rythyms

45
Q

prognostic capabilities of GXT are defined by normal and abnormal cardiac and hemodynamic changes . what is considered abnormal

A

achieve <80% predicted HRR
slow increase or sudden decrease in sBP
sBP >250 mmHg or increases >140 mmHg from rest
dBP increases more than 10mmHg
dysrhythmias, ST segment depression or elevation

46
Q

BP measurement positions

A

one standing and one sitting

47
Q

how to measure BP

A

seated position wrap cuff over brachial artery
inflate cuff to no more than 200 mmHg
slowly release until you hear Kortokoff sound (sBP)
continue releasing until sound disappears (dBP)

Exercise Physiology Lab (11 decks)

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