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Exercise Physiology Lab > Lab Exam 1- Lab 4 > Flashcards

Lab Exam 1- Lab 4 Flashcards

1
Q

4 primary factors that affect an individuals maximal O2 consumption

A

Genetics
Sex
Age
Training status

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2
Q

at what point is VO2 max traditionally designated

A

when there is a plateau in O2 consumption with an increase in work rate

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3
Q

describe the test done in today’s lab

A

treadmill:
warmup to find speed at which we hit 70% of HRmax (this speed will remain constant)
2 min exercise bouts
after each stage, incline raised 2% (unless about 6.5 mph then 2.5%)
continue until 10% grade reached
cooldown at HR <100

cycle:
rpm stays constant at 80 rpm but resiatnce increased every minute
power output increased by 20 watts/stage and kp setting adjusted 0.25 kp
warmup for <130 bpm and must maintain 60 rpm
1 minute exercise bouts
record RPE at last 30 sec time point of each stage
cooldown

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4
Q

does endurance training slow the decline in maximal HR with aging

A

NO

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5
Q

does maximal HR increase with endurance training

A

NO

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6
Q

exercise economy

A

the O2 cost of exercise at a given speed (running) or power output (cycling)

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7
Q

factors that influence mvmnt economy

A

body mass
terrain
footwear
strides

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8
Q

fick equation

A

VO2= cardiac output (Q) (x) oxygen extraction

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9
Q

how are O2 consumption and work rate related

A

because EE is a function of work rate, O2 consumption increases linearly with work rate untul VO2 max is reached

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10
Q

how do we measure VO2 max

A

via indirect calorimetry during a maximal graded exercise test

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11
Q

how do you calculate HR max

A

HRmax= 208-(0.7*age)

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12
Q

how do you measure blood lactate

A

most accurately it is done via blood sample but can also be measured through ventilatory measures (VT)

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13
Q

in endurance running events, what is correlated to their speed at lactate threshold

A

10,000 m running pace

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14
Q

lactate threshold

A

point at which blood levels of lactate begin to rise exponentially

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15
Q

rate of perceived exertion (RPE)

A

a valid indicator of exercise intensity
developed to predict the HR of a 20 year old at a given work rate by multiplying the RPE by 10

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16
Q

ventilatory threshold

A

point at which there is a sudden increase in ventilation
estimate of lactate threshold (only a marker of LT- not causally related)

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17
Q

VO2 max is the product of what 2 things

A

cardiac output
AV O2 difference

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18
Q

VO2 max test is a measure of

A

maximal capacity to transport and utilize O2 during dynamic exercise involving a large muscle mass

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19
Q

VO2max is dependent on what 2 physiological factors

A

1) maximal ability of cardiovascular system to deliver oxygenated blood to working tissues

2) maximal ability of the working muscles to extract O2 and produce ATP aerobically

20
Q

what are other ways (other than a plateau in O2 consumption and increase in work rate) make a VO2 max test valid

A

At least 2 of the following criteria must be met:

  • plateau of O2 consumption at an increased work rate
  • RER > 1.15
    -HR > (age-predicted maximal HR - 10 BPM) using the equation HRmax= 208-0.7*age
    -Rate of perceived exertion (RPE) >17
    -Blood lactate >8mM
21
Q

what does VO2 max represent

A

the physiological limit of the body to deliver and extract O2

22
Q

what happens to maximal HR as we age

A

declines linearly with advancing age

23
Q

what happens to muscle mass as we age

A

decreases

24
Q

what is the most valid and reproducible assessment of cardiovascular fitness

A

VO2 max test

25
Q

what is the reason we can see increased cardiac output following endurance training

A

due to an increase in maximal stroke volume

26
Q

what mediates an increase in stroke volume

A

increases in end-diastolic volume (preload) and cardiac contractility and a decrease in afterload on the ventricles

27
Q

what must a VO2 max test utilize

A

large muscle groups
ideally involves specific movements used by the athlete in their event (cyclists use cycle ergometers)

28
Q

what produces a greater VO2 max value : cycle or treadmill and why

A

treadmill produces a higher VO2 max value due to involvement of more muscle masses

29
Q

when comparing individuals at the same submaximal speed, would greater or less movement economy consume the least O2

A

greater movement economy
(costs less O2 to run at that speed)

30
Q

when does LT and VT happen in untrained individuals

A

50-60% VO2 max

31
Q

when does LT and VT occur in trained individuals

A

65-85% VO2 max

32
Q

why can we have an increased arteriovenous O2 difference

A

due to increases in capillary density and mitochondrial density as well as other biochemical and metabolic adaptations

33
Q

will an individual with a lower running economy consume more or less O2

A

more O2 at the same speed

34
Q

how to calculate cardiac output (Q)

A

Q= HR x SV

35
Q

VO2 max equation

A

MAXIMAL cardia output x MAXIMAL. a-v O2 difference

36
Q

increase in SV max =

A

increases VO2 max

37
Q

increase in (a-v)O2diffmax=

A

increase in VO2 max

38
Q

As we age what happens to VO2 max

A

decreases

39
Q

why does increasing HR max NOT increase VO2max in healthy young subjects

A

increase HR
but Q would remain the same since the heart is beating too fast so it can’t fill with as much blood, so SV decreases

40
Q

specificity requirements for VO2 max testing

A

must use large muscle groups
should be sport specific, but can still provide valuable information if not

41
Q

what ergometer yields a higher VO2

A

treadmill is usually 5% higher than cycling because you have a more active muscle mass

42
Q

when is the typical LT (or VT) for untrained individuals

A

50-60% VO2 max

43
Q

when is typical LT (or VT) for trained individuals

A

65-85% VO2 max

44
Q

when do LT and VT occur

A

at a greater relative and absolute work rate

45
Q

economy

A

O2 cost of exercise at a given submaximal speed/power output

46
Q

poor economy

A

increased VO2 at a given submaximal speed

Exercise Physiology Lab (11 decks)

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