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Exercise Physiology Lab > Lab Exam 2- Lab 10 > Flashcards

Lab Exam 2- Lab 10 Flashcards

1
Q

acute ascent to altitude results in

A

environmental hypoxia

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2
Q

the reduction in the amount of oxygen at altitude is due to

A

reduced barometric pressure at increasing altitudes

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3
Q

the lower barometric pressure reduces the

A

partial pressure of inspired O2 (PiO2)

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4
Q

hypobaric hypoxia

A

the hypoxia associated with terrestrial altitude exposure

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5
Q

does the percentage of O2 in ambient air change at altitude

A

NO- the %O2 in ambient air is always constant at 20.93% regardless of altitude

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6
Q

physiological responses to altitude are dependent on

A

the severity of hypoxia

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7
Q

if a sea level resident travelled to Mount Everest what physiologic changes would be seen

A

loss of consciousness within minutes to hours

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8
Q

what happens physiologically to a person with gradual ascent and chronic altitude exposure

A

physiological adaptations - acclimatization
enables us to successfully tolerate altitudes that would cause major problems acutely

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9
Q

what condition is focused on in the altitude lab

A

acute hypoxia

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10
Q

what 3 parameters are required to calculate PiO2

A

barometric pressure (Pb)
water vapor pressure (PH2O) in inspired air
% of O2 in the environment

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11
Q

barometric pressure is dependent on

A

altitude

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12
Q

water vapor pressure in inspired air (PH2O)

A

47 mmHg *** independent of altitude

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13
Q

% O2 in the environment

A

20.93% *** independent of altitude

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14
Q

equation to calculate PiO2

A

PiO2= (Pb-PH2O) * %O2(as a decimal)

or

PiO2= (Pb-47)*0.2093

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15
Q

how does an acute reduction in PiO2 affect O2 levels in the blood

A

reduced PiO2 leads to a decrease in alveolar partial pressure of O2 (PAO2) which leads to a reduction in the partial pressure of O2 in arterial blood (PaO2)

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16
Q

what does SaO2 stand for

A

arterial Hb-O2 saturation

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17
Q

what is a major determinant of arterial hemoglobin O2 saturation (SaO2)

A

PaO2

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18
Q

shape of O2-Hb saturation curve

A

sigmoidal

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19
Q

at the top of the O2-Hb saturation curve, what is the effect of small changes in PaO2

A

minimal effect

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20
Q

at the steep portion of the O2-Hb saturation curve, what is the effect of small changes in PaO2

A

large effects on SaO2

21
Q

arterial oxygen content (CaO2) is determined by 3 parameters

A

[Hb]
SaO2
amount of O2 dissolved in plasma

22
Q

PaO2 influences ____

A

SaO2 and determines the amount of O2 dissolved in plasma

23
Q

compare the amount of O2 dissolved in plasma vs bound to Hb

A

the amount of O2 dissolved in plasma is extremely small compared to the amount bound to Hb

24
Q

in this weeks lab what are we examining

A

the changes in SaO2 heart rate, ventilation, BP, and substrate utilization at rest and during submaximal exercise with stimulated altitude exposure

*we are simulating high altitude using normobaric hypoxia

25
Q

what does PaO2 stand for

A

partial pressure of O2 in arterial blood

26
Q

what does CaO2 stand for

A

arterial O2 content

27
Q

physiological response to acute altitude exposure

A

decrease in PaO2, SaO2, and CaO2

28
Q

acute altitude exposure effects on max O2 uptake

A

VO2max is reduced with acute altitude exposure, with the severity of the reduction greater at higher elevations

29
Q

% reductions in VO2 max: trained vs untrained

A

endurance trained athletes have a higher % reduction in VO2 max than untrained individuals

30
Q

the decrease in VO2max at acute altitude exposure does what to intensity

A

increases the relative intensity of any given absolute (submaximal) power output at altitude

31
Q

HR response to acute altitude exposure

A

an increase in resting HR and elevation in HR at any given absolute submaximal power output

32
Q

what happens to max HR with acute altitude exposure

A

no change

33
Q

what are the main factors in the blood influencing ventilation rate at sea level

A

PaCO2 and arterial pH

*peripheral chemoreceptors that reside in aortic/carotid bodies respond to low PaO2 and play a predominant role in ventilatory response to hypoxia

34
Q

the fall in PaO2 at altitude results in

A

an increase in ventilation at rest and all absolute workloads compared to sea level

35
Q

compare the increase in ventilation during exercise at altitude vs at rest

A

the increase in ventilation during exercise at altitude is significantly larger than the increase in ventilation at rest

36
Q

substrate utilization response to acute altitude exposure

A

increases CHO utilization during absolute submaximal exercise intensities

37
Q

BP response to acute altitude exposure

A

MAP may decrease slightly

  • although increase in SNS activity with acute altitude exposure are expected to contribute to peripheral vasoconstriction, local factors are released that blunt peripheral vasoconstriction leading to small reductions in TPR and BP
38
Q

variability in individuals response to acute altitude exposure

A

the level of hypoxia incurred at a given altitude varies between individuals

39
Q

normobaric hypoxia

A

simulating altitude without going to altitude
*artificially modifying the %O2 by providing subjects with a hypoxic (<20.93%) gas mixture in lab setting

pressure = normal but the PiO2 is reduced due to artificial reduction in the % inspired O2

40
Q

2 conditions measured in this lab

A

normoxic exercise and hypoxic exercise at two different submaximal workloads - 50 W and 100 W

41
Q

what variables are measured at rest

A

BP
HR
Ve
O2 saturation

42
Q

what variables are measured during normoxic/hypoxic exercise

A

BP
HR
VE
O2 saturation
RPE

43
Q

how long are subjects exercising at each submaximal workload

A

4-5 minutes

44
Q

how long will the subject rest for before starting exercise

A

10 minutes

45
Q

during the hypoxic protocol, what is the components of the air breathed in made of

A

15% O2 / 85% N2 gas simulating the hypoxic condition experienced at Pikes Peak (4300 m, 14,110 ft above sea level)

46
Q

hypoxic conditions effect in VT / LT thresholds

A

cause a leftward shift

VT and LT are reached at lower absolute workloads during hypoxic exercise

47
Q

hypobaric hypoxia

A

reduce pressure in hypobaric chamber

48
Q

normobaric hypoxia

A

reduce fraction of O2 in inspired gas

Exercise Physiology Lab (11 decks)

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