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Exercise Physiology Lab > Lab Exam 1- Lab 5 > Flashcards

Lab Exam 1- Lab 5 Flashcards

1
Q

an athlete with greater stores of high energy phosphates and metabolic enzymes can use those stores at what intensity and duration before needing to depend on nonoxidative and oxidative energy from glycolysis

A

higher intensity and longer duration

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2
Q

energy stores exhausted formula

A

energy stores exhausted = maximal capacity/maximal power

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3
Q

examples of situations in which we would use non-oxidative ATP production

A

400 m run
200 m swim
sprint sports like soccer and basketball

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4
Q

factors that explain differences among individuals anaerobic performance

A

capacity of immediate and glycolytic energy stores
ability to manage metabolite accumulation, specifically H ions and phosphates

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5
Q

fatigue index

A

the decline in power over the course of the test

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6
Q

greater buffering of H ions from lactate can prevent

A

force reductions and loss of enzymatic function

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7
Q

how does the body’s energy systems interact to meet energy systems

A

dependent on power and capacity of the three energy systems

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8
Q

how does training improve anaerobic performance

A

increase in type 2 skeletal muscle fibers
improve ATP-PCr system
Improve glycolytic system

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9
Q

how to assess anaerobic power and capacity

A

measure changes in chemical substances used (ATP, PCr, glycogen) or produced (lactate) as a result of anaerobic metabolism

quantify work or power to indirectly measure anaerobic energy utilization

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10
Q

how to calculate fatigue index

A

difference between the highest peak power and lowest peak power divided by the highest peak power

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11
Q

how to set up the load on the wheel

A

7.5% of body weight (kg)

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12
Q

if phosphates accumulate in muscle tissue without being utilized in ATP synthesis, what happens to force production

A

its inhibited

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13
Q

immediate energy sources chem equations and enzymes

A

ATP+H2O –> ADP +Pi via ATPase
CP+ADP –> ATP + C via creatine kinase
ADP + ADP —> ATP + AMP via adenylate kinase

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14
Q

is an energy system ever turned off?

A

no- none of the energy systems are ever completely turned off

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15
Q

longer term anaerobic performances are associated with

A

higher blood lactate levels, supporting the idea that all out exercise training enhances the capacity of the glycolytic system to produce energy

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16
Q

maximal efforts sustained for more than 10-15 seconds requires assistance from which systems

A

glycolytic and oxidative ATP pathways to sustain work output and “recharge” the pool of high energy phosphates

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17
Q

mean power

A

energy derived from glycolysis
used from wingate anaerobic test and is data from the total power generated over 30 seconds
aka supramaximal capacity

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18
Q

peak power

A

energy derived from ATP and CP
used in wingate anaerobic test from the five seconds with the highest power value

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19
Q

potential factors limiting anaerobic performance

A

energy depletion (PCr)
metabolite accumulation (H+ ions, inorganic phosphate)
central and peripheral fatigue

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20
Q

rapid non-oxidative glycolysis chem equation

A

Glucose —> 2 ATP + 2 lactate

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21
Q

stored phosphagens can provide enough energy for

A

a brisk one minute walk, a slow 20 second run, or an all out sprint for 10 seconds

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22
Q

supramaximal

A

power outputs above VO2 max

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23
Q

those who MAINTAIN a high power output throughout the test

A

have a low fatigue index

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24
Q

those who rapidly decline in power output during the test

A

have a high fatigue index

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25
Q

three energy involved in working muscles

A

immediate
non-oxidative glycolytic
oxidative

26
Q

two approaches to assess anaerobic power

A

1) measure the changes in energy stores (ATP or PCr) vs the changes in metabolites (lactate)

2) measure the amount of external work performed during short duration, high intensity exercise

27
Q

validity

A

ability of a test to measure what it claims to measure
there is no gold standard to anaerobic performance test or measuring anaerobic energy release

28
Q

validity of Wingate test

A

there are positive correlations between Wingate peak power, type 2 fiber area, 50 m sprint time, and vertical jump height

not valid - no way to directly measure anaerobic energy release

29
Q

what (in addition to immediate energy stores) significantly affect one’s ability to generate maximal energy production during brief durations

A

quantity of intramuscular phosphagen stores

30
Q

what are the most important factors in determining energy sources during exercise

A

intensity and duration

31
Q

what can improve anaerobic performance

A

specific anaerobic training such as..

repeatedly performing high power exercises which increases type 2 fiber recruitment, increase fatigue tolerance, improve cardiovascular function and increase immediate and glycolytic energy stores

32
Q

what can sustain high power outputs for 10 seconds to 2 min depending on intensity

A

fast glycolytic stores

33
Q

what do both approaches that asses anaerobic power assume

A

that all the energy produced to perform high intensity activities comes from immediate and glycolytic sources
**but this assumption is INVALID, as O2 consumption provides some energy even during short duration tasks

34
Q

what does training do to the power equation

A

increases power and work and decreases time

35
Q

what happens to energy expenditure during power exercises compared to resting

A

may increase by 40 fold

36
Q

what has the greatest capacity to sustain exercise out of the three energy sources

A

aerobic breakdown of glycogen

37
Q

what induces the most specific benefits for a desired activity

A

specific training for a desired activity

38
Q

what is critical to initiate and sustain work output in all high intensity activities

A

nonoxidative ATP production

39
Q

what is the wingate anaerobic test designed to measure

A

the power and capacity generated from immediate stores and from non-oxidative glycolysis
consists of a 30 second all out work effort

40
Q

what makes up critical immediate energy reserve for skeletal muscle

A

ATP and CP

41
Q

what other factors may affect anaerobic performance

A

motivation and maximal strength

42
Q

what provides the energy necessary to rapidly form ATP by nonoxidative phosphorylation

A

intramuscular glycogen stores

43
Q

what provides the greatest amount of energy per unit of substrate when activities last longer than 2 to 3 minutes

A

oxidative metabolism

44
Q

what provides the most of energy for short duration high intensity activity

A

anaerobic sources

45
Q

what sources provide energy during the highest power movements

A

ATP and CP

46
Q

what systems account for the major production of ATP during short duration supramaximal activity

A

glycolytic and immediate energy stores

47
Q

what test assess anaerobic fitness

A

none

48
Q

what test produces a valid measure of aerobic fitness

A

VO2 max test

49
Q

what two things provide energy at the fastest rate

A

ATP and CP

50
Q

which has better maximal power: glycolysis or immediate phosphagen stores

A

immediate phosphagen stores

51
Q

why is there no test to measure anaerobic fitness

A

due to the inability to measure anaerobic energy production accurately and reliably and it is difficult to assess precisely how much aerobic energy contributes to high intensity exercise

52
Q

true or false: all three systems are active at the same time

A

true

53
Q

what are the two most important factors for determining energy sources during exercise

A

intensity and duration

54
Q

energy stores exhausted equation

A

energy stores exhausted= maximal capacity/maximal power

55
Q

potential factors limiting anaerobic performance

A

energy depletion (PCr)
metabolite accumulation (H+ ions, inorganic phosphate)
central and peripheral fatigue

56
Q

an increase in power results in what

A

an increase in work and decrease in time

57
Q

how does training improve anaerobic performance

A

increase type 2 skeletal muscle fibers
improve ATP-PCr system
improve glycolytic system

58
Q

how to assess anaerobic power and capacity

A
  1. measure changes in chemical substances used (ATP, PCr, glycogen) or produced (lactate) as a result of anaerobic metabolism
  2. quantify work or power to indirectly measure anaerobic energy utilization
59
Q

what provides the most of the energy for short duration, high intensity exercise

A

anaerobic sources

60
Q
A

Exercise Physiology Lab (11 decks)

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