Lab Exam 1- Lab 1 Flashcards
absolute terms
actual measured values with units
cellular work
active transport
chemical work
involved in ATP biosynthesis
constant work rate test
work rate remains fixed throughout the test
cycle ergometer permits accurate measurement of
work (J) and power (W)
define power
the rate of work done
define work
the transfer of energy
what is the difference between kg and kgm/kpm
kg is a unit of mass
kgm or kpm is a unit of WORK
equation to calculate work
work= force * distance
examples of absolute intensities
100 W
10 MPH
exercise intensity can be expressed in
absolute and relative terms
exercise intensity is often expressed as
a % VO2 max (or relative aerobic)
graded exercise test
the work rate changes during the test and is often the IV
how do humans perform work
transform chemical energy from food
how can you convert kgm to kpm to J
multiply by gravity (9.81)
how do you quantify mechanical work
the product of the force applied on an object and the distance the object moves in the direction of the force while the force is applied
how else can energy be measured
calories
how else can power be expressed
kcal per minute
kgmmin-1
kpmmin-1
how else is work measured
Nm
kgm
kpm
how is resistance set on ergometer
by loosening or tightening the belt
how to calculate power
power=work/time
how to calculate work on a treadmill
multiply the vertical distance by the force on the treadmill (or the subjects body weight * gravity)
in this lab what are we quantifying
mechanical work
mechanical work
muscular contractions
non steady state
any time a parameter is systematically changing over time
physiological and performance data obtained in exercise physiology are expressed either as
absolute or relative terms
relative physiological and performance parameters
values expressed in relation to another value
relative exercise intensities are expressed relative to
each individuals maximal capacities
SI unit for energy
Joule (J)
SI unit for power
Watt (W)
steady state
heart rate, VO2, etc become stable for an extended period of time
the rate of transforming metabolic energy to physical performance (such as anaerobic or aerobic) is
power
types of work
chemical work
cellular work
mechanical work
what is another word for incline on a treadmill
percent grade
what is energy
the capacity to do work
what is required for a more accurate calculation of work on a treadmill
an incline
what is the distance the wheel travels in the ergometer
6 m per 1 revolution
what is the ergometer
a friction braked cycle which has a belt wrapped around the wheel
what is the IV in constant work rate test
time
what is the percent grade on an incline mean
the vertical rise per 100 units of belt travel
10% grade means you are going 10 m incline per every 100 m traveled
what is the SI unit for work
Joule (J)
when do non-steady state conditions always occur
at the initial transition to a new work rate (because it takes time for phsyiological parameters such as heart rate and VO2 to reach steady state)
exercise physiology
the study of WHY and HOW the body responds and adapts to exercise
function
WHY something happens
ex) HR increases to deliver more O2 to working muscle tissue
mechanism
HOW something happens
ex) HR is increased through parasympathetic withdrawal and increased sympathetic nerve activity
what do humans convert potential energy (food) into
chemical, cellular, and mechanical work
how is work measured
J, kcal, kpm, kgm
what measures work
ergometer (cycle or treadmill)
how is power measured
W, kcal/min, kgm/min, kpm/min
1 W = ? kpm/min
6 kpm/min
In this lab, O2 consumption will always be expressed as
a rate
VO2
graded exercise test (GXT)
in a GXT, the work rate is changing and is often the IV
what is the IV in a graded exercise test
work rate
what is the DV in a graded exercise test
VO2 (L/min)
constant work rate exercise test
work rate is constant. time is often the IV
what is the DV in a graded exercise test
VO2 (L/min)
what is a measure of relative aerobic power
%VO2 max
