Lab Exam 1 Flashcards
Aspergillus Conidiophores
Penicillium
Colony Morphology includes:
- ________ (name 3 subcategories)
- ________ (name 5 subcategories)
- ________ (name 5 subcategories)
- ________ (name 3 sub categories)
- ________ (name 4 subcategories)
- Shape
- Circular
- Irregular
- Punctiform (tiny)
- Margin
- Entire (smooth, mo irregularities)
- Undulate (wavy)
- Lobate (lobed)
- Filamentous
- Rhizoid (branched like roots)
- Elevations
- Flat
- Raised
- Convex
- Pulvinate (very convex)
- Umbonate (raised in the center)
- Texture
- Moist
- Mucoid
- Dry
- Pigment production
- Opaque
- Transluscent
- Shiny
- Dull)
With regards to bacterial growth, what does the term pure colony or colony-forming unit mean?
Pure colony: Microbial culture containing only one species
Colony-Forming Unit: Cell or groups of cells that produces a colony when transferred to a plated media
What are the important precautions taken to avoid contamination?
- Do not perform transfers over books, study materials, etc
- Be organized with your materials and be sure they are not set up in ways that might result in contamination
- Plase all media tubes i the test tube rack when not in use whether they are sterile or not
- Take your time
- Never hold tube culture by it’s cap
- Try not to breathe over cultures
- Minimize talking with peers to avoid contamination
In which hand should the tube cap be held while transferring cultures from one medium to another?
In your dominant hand, same as the loop.
Why should Petri dishes be incubated in the upside down position?
Moisture can build up on the lid if the plated culture is set with the culture on the bottom part. To avoid this you place the dish upside down.
Why is the mouth of the test-tube passed over the flame after opening and before closing the tube cap?
To sanitize the tube and the air around it.
Why is the inoculating loop flamed before and after use?
To sanitize and avoid contamination.
What is the pH of nutrient agar?
6.6-7.0 at 25º C
What are the ingredients of a nutrient agar and a nutrient broth?
Nutrient agar: 3.0 g beef extract, 5.0g peptone, 15.0g agar, 1.0L distilled or deionized water
Nutrient broth: 3.0 g beef extract, 5.0g peptone, 1.0L distilled or deionized water
What is the limit of resolution and how do you calculate it?
Limit of resolution: The closest two points can be together for the microscope lens to make them appear separate; two points closer than the limit of resolution will blur together
(Note: the resolution improves as the limit of resolution is made smaller)
Formula:
D (rtransmitted in the image): the minimum point at which two points can be resolved (best is usually 2 µm in electron microscope) this is the value you are normally trying to calculate
λ: (lambda) measurement of wavelengths in nm, normally provided in the problem
Nacondenser: the numerical aperture of the condenser
Naobjective: the numerical aperture of the selected objective lens (this is not the same value as the magnification, it will look like this: 10x/1.30 - use the 1.30 value)
How do you calculate total magnification?
Objective lens magnification x Ocular lens magnification
Example:
Low power objective lens x Ocular lens
10 x 10 = 100x magnification
What is the magnification of the Ocular lens?
10x
What are the magnifications of the three objective lenses?
10x, 20x, and 40x
Objective lens
The microscopic
Examlpes of simple stains
Methylene blue
Safranin
Crystal Violet
Why does a basic stain color the cells?
Because the positive charge of the auxochrome of a basic stain allows its attachment to the negative charge of most bacterial cell surfaces, thus the cell becomes colored.