Lab: Endocrine System Flashcards
what gland secretes oxytocin
posterior pituitary
ADH antidiuretic hormone
posterior pituitary
adenocorticorticotropic hormone
anterior pituitary
thyroid stimulating hormone
anterior pituitary
follicle stimulating hormone
anterior pituitary
lutenizing hormone
anterior pituitary
growth hormone
anterior pituitary
prolactin
anterior
function of oxytocin
labor contractions and ejection of breast milk
function of ADH
water reabsorption, increases blood volume, and increased blood pressure
function of adrenocorticotropic hormone
targets adrenal cortex to release glucocorticoids like cortisol–> maintains blood sugar levels
function of thyroid stimulating hormone
secretion of thyroid hormones and sugar metabolism
function of follicle stimulating hormone
ovaries and testes to develop sex cells and gametes
function of luteinizing hormones
stimulates testes–> testesosterone
ovaries–> estrogen and progesterone
function of growth hormone
increase cell number and size, regulates nutrients for tissue building, long bone growth in children, muscle growth
function of prolactin
breast milk production
what is thyroglobin
glycoprotein that binds to iodine to make thyroid hormone
function of thyroid hormone
produced by thyroid. helps with BP and growth regulation, contributes to body metabolism, targets body cells so that glucose can be utilized
function of calcitonin
builds bone matrix to lower calcium levels, inhibits osteoblasts and osteoclasts
where is calcitonin produced
thyroid
where is parathyroid hormone secreted from
parathyroid glands
function of parathyroid hormone
calcium homeostasis. stimulates kidneys to reabsorb Ca2+, activates vitamin D so calcium can be absorbed from small intestines, stimulates osteoclasts when calcium levels are low
what secretes epinephrine
adrenal medulla
what secretes norepinephrine
adrenal medulla
what does epinephrine do
increases heart rate and bronchodilates
what does norepinephrine
vasocontricts peripheral arteries to increase blood pressure
where are corticosteroids released from
adrenal cortex
what are corticosteroids and where are they released from
lipid based hormones made from cholesterol. adrenal cortex
what are the corticosteroids
mineralcorticoids, glucocorticoids, gonadocorticoids
what do mineralcorticoids do
regulate elecotrolytes in the body
what type of corticosteroid is aldosterone
mineralcorticoid
what does aldosterone do
stimulated by low blood pressure, holds on to sodium to increase H2O volume to increase blood pressure
what do glucocorticoids do
regulate glucose levels during stress
what are the glucocorticoids
cortisol and cortisone
what does cortisol do
using gluconeogenesis (making glucose from lipids or proteins in the liver) increases blood glucose
what do gonadocorticoids do
are androgens that are precursers to testosterone and estrogen. sex drive and armpit hair at puberty
what is the pancreas’ exocrine function
relese bicarb into small intestine to make chyme less acidic and enzyme rich digestive juices for digestion
endocrine function of the pancreas
hormones that regulate blood glucose levels
what do pancreatic islets do
clusters of cells that serve endocrine function
what cells are found in the pancreatic islets
alpha and beta cells
what do pancreatic alpha
produce hormone glucagon
what do beta cells do in pancreas
produce insulin
what does glucagon do
liver catabolizes glucagon into glucose which is released into blood to increase glucose levels
what does insulin do
insulin targets body cells to uptake glucose to decrease levels of glucose in blood
what does estrogen do and what is it secreted by
by ovaries, sex organ development and body hair
what does progesterone do
breast development and uterine cycles
what does testosterone do and what is it secreted by
testes. development of sex organs, body hair, muscle mass and sex drive, sperm development
what does the thymus do
lymphocyte maturity
what does thymosin do and where is it secreted from
thymus. acts on T lymphocytes that are developing immunocompentence; chooses/trains T cell lineage
which endocrine organ shrinks as we age and is replaced with connective tissue
thymus
what secretes melatonin
pineal body/gland
what does melatonin do
responsible for sleep/wake cycle. more released at night to promote sleeping and light inhibits melatonin
what is this gland
thymus
A: adrenal gland
B: adrenal gland
C: adrenal gland
D: adrenal gland
E: adrenal gland
what type of tissue
adrenal gland
A
B
C
A: Pancreas
B: pancreas
A
testes
B
ovary
A: thyroid
B: thyroid
C: thyroid
?: pancreas
pancreatic islet
A
pineal gland/body
B
pituitary gland
C
infundibulum
pancreas
thyroid
type of tissue
pancreas
type of tissue
pituitary gland
A
Anterior lobe of pituitary
B
posterior lobe of pituitary
type of tissue
parathyroid
type of tissue
thyroid
parathyroid glands
A
thyroid gland tissue
B
parathyroid gland tissue
