Lab: Blood

Question 1

what percentage of plasma is proteins and what are they?

Answer 1

9%
albumin
fibrinogen
transport proteins
clotting proteins
immune proteins (antibodies)

Question 2

what are the formed elements in blood

Answer 2

erythroytes

Question 3

what is the buffy coat in a blood sample made of

Answer 3

platelets
leukocytes

Question 4

describe the shape of an erythrocyte

Answer 4

biconcave shape

Question 5

which type of cell has no nucleus or organelles

Answer 5

erythrocytes

Question 6

what do erythrocytes do

Answer 6

carry O2 and CO2, contain millions of hemoglobin molecules

Question 7

which leukocytes are granulocytes

Answer 7

neutrophils
eosinophils
basophils

Question 8

describe what neutrophils do

Answer 8

phagocytes that ingest and destroy bacterial cells using granule contents

Question 9

what percentage of leukocytes are neutrophils

Answer 9

60%

Question 10

describe the function of eosinophils

Answer 10

respond to infections with parasitic worms
mediates allergic response

Question 11

what percentage of leukocytes are eosinophils

Answer 11

3%

Question 12

describe the function of basophils

Answer 12

chemicals in granules mediate inflammation

Question 13

what percentage of leukocytes are basophils

Answer 13

less than 1%

Question 14

what are the agranulocytes

Answer 14

lymphocytes and monocytes

Question 15

name the 2 types of lymphocytes and what they do

Answer 15

both are activated by antigens
B lymphocytes: produce antibodies which bind to and remove antigens from tissues
T lymphocytes: activate other immune system components and directly destroy abnormal body cells

Question 16

what percentage of leukocytes are lymphocytes

Answer 16

30-34%

Question 17

describe the function of monocytes/macrophages

Answer 17

exit capillaries to enter tissues where some mature into macrophages
macrophages are phagocytic cells that ingest dead and dying cells, bacteria, antigens, etc.

Question 18

what percentage of leukocytes are monocytes/macrophages

Answer 18

4-8%

Question 19

what is the final common pathway of hemostasis

Answer 19

prothrombin–>thrombin–>fibrinogen–>fibrin (in actuality plasminogen–>plasmin desolving the fibrin clot is the last step, but whatever ignore this)

Question 20

what antigen is present in Type A blood

Answer 20

only A antigen is present on erythrocytes

Question 21

what antigen is present in Type B blood

Answer 21

only B antigen is present on erythrocytes

Question 22

what antigen is present in Type AB blood

Answer 22

both A and B antigens are present on erythrocytes

Question 23

what antigen is present in Type O blood

Answer 23

neither A or B antigens are present on erythrocytes

Question 24

what antibodies are present in Type A blood

Answer 24

only anti-B antibodies are present in plasma

Question 25

what antibodies are present in Type B blood

Answer 25

only anti-A antibodies are present in plasma

Question 26

what antibodies are present in Type AB blood

Answer 26

No antibodies are present in plasma

Question 27

what antibodies are present in Type O blood

Answer 27

both anti- A and anti-B antibodies are present in plasma

Question 28

Rh+ and Rh- means..

Answer 28

Rh antigen or not on erythrocytes leading there to be 8 different common blood types

Question 29

what is the universal donor and why

Answer 29

O- (Type O without Rh antigen) because erythrocytes do not have A, B, nor Rh surface antigens

Question 30

what is the universal recipient and why

Answer 30

AB+ (Type AB with Rh antigen) because these individuals do not make antibodies to A, B, or Rh antigens

Question 31

where do platelets come from

Answer 31

megakaryocytes

Question 32

what are megakaryocytes

Answer 32

cells keep going through mitosis but not cytokinesis (giant cells with a bunch of DNA)

Question 33

name the leukocytes in order of most abundant to least abundant in the blood

Answer 33

neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils (Never Let Molly Eat Bagels)

Question 34

what is hematocrit and what does it show pathologically

Answer 34

measures the percentage of erythrocytes in whole blood shows anemia (too little RBCs for blood volume) or polycythemia (too many RBCs for blood volume)

Question 35

what is the equation that determines hematocrit

Answer 35

hematocrit= (length of erythrocytes/length of whole blood) * 100

Question 36

A

Answer 36

Question 37

B

Answer 37

Question 38

C

Answer 38

Question 39

A

Answer 39

Question 40

B

Answer 40

Question 41

1

Answer 41

Question 42

2

Answer 42

Question 43

2

Answer 43

Question 44

3

Answer 44

Question 45

4

Answer 45

Question 46

5

Answer 46

Question 47

6

Answer 47

Question 48

7

Answer 48