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Anatomy Lab > Lab 9 Middle Mediastinum > Flashcards

Lab 9 Middle Mediastinum Flashcards

1
Q

External layer of pericardium is the ____ pericardium and the internal layer of the pericardial sac is the ____ pericardium. The heart is covered in _____ pericardium.

A

Fibrous

Parietal

Visceral

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2
Q

The ____ nerves and _____ vessels run along the lateral margins of the middle mediastinum. They are located between the mediastinal pleura and the pericardium, ____ to the root of the lung.

A

Phrenic

Pericardiacophrenic

Anterior

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3
Q

The right atrium forms the ____ border of the heart and is situated slightly ____, _____ and to the right of the right ventricle.

A

Right

Superior, posterior

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4
Q

The right ventricle is the most ____ of all 4 chambers. It forms the ____ border of the heart.

A

Anterior

Inferior (thin/sharp, oriented nearly horizontal)

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5
Q

The left ventricle forms the ___ border of the heart while the left atrium is the most _____ chamber.

A

Left

Posterior

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6
Q

What forms the superior border of the heart?

A

Atria and their auricle

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7
Q

What surface is anterior and is formed mainly by the right ventricle?

A

Sternocostal

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8
Q

What surface is inferior and is formed mainly by the “posterior” surface of the left ventricle (____) and a little of the right ventricle (___)?

A

Diaphragmatic

2/3 left

1/3 right

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9
Q

What surface is formed mainly by the left ventricle and a bit of the left atrium? It contacts the ____ impression of the ___ lung.

A

Left pulmonary surface

Cardiac

Left

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10
Q

What surface is formed by the right atrium?

A

Right pulmonary surface

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11
Q

The acute margin is between the ___ and ___ surfaces while the obtuse margin is between the ___ and ____ surfaces.

A

Acute- sternocostal and diaphragmatic

Obtuse- sternocostal and left pulmonary

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12
Q

The apex of the heart is formed by the ____ _____ and is located deep to the ____ ____ intercostal space. This is 8 cm from midline

A

Left ventricle

Left 5th intercostal space

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13
Q

The base of the heart is the anatomical posterior surface of the heart. It is formed by the ____ atrium mostly and a bit of the _____ atrium. This is where great vessels interface with the heart.

A

Left atrium (mostly)

Right atrium (some)

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14
Q

What is found between the pulmonary trunk and superior vena cava?

A

Ascending aorta

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15
Q

What is most anterior and to the left of the aorta?

A

Pulmonary trunk

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16
Q

The right pulmonary artery is the right branch of the pulmonary trunk and passes (anterior/posterior) to the ascending aorta, (superior/inferior) to the aortic arch. The left pulmonary artery is the left branch of the trunk.

A

Posterior

Inferior

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17
Q

What is furthest to the right of all the great vessels and projects vertically?

A

Superior vena cava

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18
Q

What is a prominent groove separating the atria and the ventricle externally?

A

Coronary sulcus

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19
Q

What is a shallow groove between the left and right ventricles, ANTERIORLY, on the sternocostal surface? The anterior aspect of the ____ _____ is just deep to the sulcus.

A

Anterior interventricular sulcus

Interventricular septum

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20
Q

What is between the left and right ventricles, POSTERIORLY, on the diaphragmatic surface? The posterior aspect of the _____ ____ is just deep to the sulcus.

A

Posterior interventricular sulcus

Interventricular septum

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21
Q

The interventricular sulci denote the position of the interventricular septum and join the ____ ____ at right angles. This is situated along a more vertical/oblique plane.

A

Coronary sulcus

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22
Q

The posterior interventricular sulcus meets the coronary sinus at the ________________.

A

Crux of the heart

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23
Q

Each sulcus contains what?

A

Coronary vessels

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24
Q

The heart sits on the _____ surfaces of the left and right _____. This surface is also referred to as the posterior surface even though they face ____.

A

Diaphragmatic

Ventricles

Inferior

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25
Q

The apex of the heart points diagonally: ____, _____, and to the ____.

A

Anterior, inferior, and to the left

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26
Q

The atria form the base of the heart which faces ____.

A

Posteriorly

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27
Q

The heart is turned so the right side is slightly more ____ than the left.

A

Anterior

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28
Q

What is found in the coronary sulcus between the left atrium and the left ventricle on the diaphragmatic surface? It is thin walled and is a 2.5 cm long dilatation that opens into the ____ ____.

A

Coronary sinus

Right atrium

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29
Q

What starts near the apex, up the anterior interventricular sulcus to the anterior/sternocostal surface, then to the coronary sulcus? This becomes the coronary sinus when then _____ ____ vein joins this.

A

The great cardiac vein

Oblique cardiac vein joins the great cardiac vein –> coronary sinus

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30
Q

What is found in the posterior interventricular sulcus? This can be traced to the right end of the coronary sinus adjacent to the opening of the IVC.

A

Middle cardiac vein (posterior interventricular vein)

31
Q

What is found on the diaphragmatic surface of the left venticle and merges near the junction of the great cardiac vein and coronary sinus with either structure?

A

Posterior vein of the left ventricle (posterior cardiac vein)

32
Q

On the right side within the coronary sulcus, what can be seen? Where does it likely terminate? Where does it come from?

A

Small cardiac vein

Terminates on the coronary sulcus

The inferior border of the heart (margin of the right ventricle)

33
Q

ALL cardiac veins send their blood to the ____ ____ except a set of small veins from the sternocostal surface of the right ventricle called the _____ _____ veins. These dump directly into the ____ ____ through small perforations between the pectinate muscles.

***Possible question

A

Coronary sinus

Anterior cardiac veins

Right atrium

34
Q

Near the external base of the aorta, deep to the right auricle you will see the ______________.

A

Right coronary artery

35
Q

What arises from the “superior” edge of the right coronary artery near its origin? What is a major branch of this and what does it feed?

A

Anterior right atrial branch

The sinuatrial nodal artery feeds the sinuatrial node

36
Q

What is a large inferior branch of the right coronary artery? This can arise from the RCA more sternocostally and angle toward the acute margin (____ border of the heart). What should it be adjacent with along the acute margin?

A

Right marginal artery

Inferior

Small cardiac vein

37
Q

The RCA travels along the coronary sulcus toward the _____ surface. It will most likely take a 90˚ turn and run along the posterior interventricular sulcus as the as the _______ _______ artery.

A

Diaphragmatic surface

Posterior interventricular artery (posterior descending artery)

38
Q

The the posterior interventricular artery is a branch of the ____, then the heart is considered right dominant. If it is a branch from the _____ then it is left dominant.

***Possible question

A

RCA

Circumflex branch of the LCA

39
Q

The left coronary artery is found ___ to the pulmonary trunk.

A

Posterior

40
Q

Within the coronary sulcus, the LCA usually bifurcates into the ___ and ____ arteries.

A

Circumflex and LAD arteries

41
Q

The anterior interventricular artery (LAD) follows the ____ ____ ____ toward the apex of the heart. What two thinks anastomose near the apex of the heart?

A

Anterior interventricular sulcus

LAD and PDA

42
Q

What is superficial and to the left of the LAD?

A

The great cardiac vein

43
Q

What crosses the anterior surface of the left ventricle obliquely?

A

Diagonal branch of the LAD

44
Q

What is found along the coronary sulcus toward the diaphragmatic surface? What two things parallel this?

A

Circumflex branch of the LCA

Great cardiac vein and LAD parallel the circumflex artery

45
Q

What is a descending branch typically from the circumflex artery that feeds the margin of the left ventricle?

A

Left marginal artery

46
Q

What is the terminal end of the circumflex that deflects from the coronary sulcus to be found not he diaphragmatic surface of the left ventricle? What does it parallel?

A

Posterior left ventricular artery

Posterior vein of the left ventricle

47
Q

What are the 4 pulmonary veins?

A

Left superior and inferior

Right superior and inferior

48
Q

Ridges of muscle on the inferior of the anterior wall of the right atrium

A

Pectinate muscle

49
Q

Vertical, smooth ridge at the edge of the pectinate muscle of the right atrium

A

Crista terminalis

50
Q

Superior large opening of the right atrium?

Inferior opening? Flap of tissue over this?

A

Opening of the SVC

Opening of the IVC
Valve of the IVC

51
Q

What is adjacent and anterior to the opening of the IVC of the right atrium? What is the flap of tissue adjacent to the opening?

A

Opening of the coronary sinus

Valve of the coronary sinus

52
Q

What is the smooth wall between the atria?

A

Interatrial septum

53
Q

What is the small, oval-shaped depression on the interatrial septum of the right atrium? The rim border of this is called what?

A

Fossa ovalis

Limbus fossa ovalis

54
Q

The SA node is found at the superior end of the ___ ____, near the superior vena cava. The AV node is found in the _____ _____ superior to the opening of the coronary sinus, anterior to the fossa ovalis.

A

Crista terminalis

Interatrial septum

55
Q

What is the wall between the left and right ventricles?

A

Interventricular septum

56
Q

What is the most anterior of the 3 cusps (in right ventricle)?

A

Anterior cusp of the right atrioventricular (tricuspid) valve

57
Q

What is the cord like tendon between the tip of an anterior papillary muscle and the anterior and posterior valve cusps? (Right ventricle)

A

Anterior chords tendinea

58
Q

What is one of several and projects from the wall of the ventricle and its tip has a set of chordae tendinea? Which only has one? (Right ventricle)

A

Anterior and posterior papillary muscles

Septal papillary muscles

Anterior- anterior/posterior

Posterior- posterior/septal

Septal- septal/anterior

59
Q

What is adjacent to the interventricular septum? (Right ventricle)

A

Septal cusp of the right atrioventricular (tricuspid) valve

60
Q

What is a cord like tendon between the tip of the septal papillary muscle and the septal and anterior valve cusps? (Right ventricle)

A

Septal chorda tendinea

61
Q

What is the most posterior of the 3 cusps in the right ventricle?

A

Posterior cusp of the right atrioventricular (tricuspid) valve

62
Q

Cord like tendon between the tip of the posterior papillary muscle and the posterior and septal valve cusps of right ventricle

A

Posterior chorda tendinea

63
Q

What is the rough inner surface of the wall of the right ventricle?

A

Trabeculae carneae of the right ventricle

64
Q

What extends from the interventricular septum to the base of the anterior papillary muscle?

A

Septomarginal trabecula of the right ventricle (moderator band)

65
Q

What is a cone-shaped portion of the right ventricle leading to the pulmonary valve? What is the inner wall like?

A

Conus arteriosus of the right ventricle

SMOOTH

66
Q

What are the components of the pulmonary semilunar valve?

A

Anterior cusp (nodule and lunule)

Right cusp- same stuff

Left cusp- same stuff

67
Q

The inner surface of the left atrium is smooth except for the ____ ____.

A

Left auricle

68
Q

What is the smooth wall between the atria? (Left atrium)

A

Interatrial septum

69
Q

What can be seen in the left auricle of the left atrium?

A

Pectinate muscle of the left atrium

70
Q

How many cusps on the left ventricle?

A

2- mitral, bicuspid

71
Q

What is the inferior portion of the wall between the left and right ventricles with trabeculae carneae? (Left ventricle)

A

Muscular interventricular septum

72
Q

What is immediately below the right aortic valve cusp? Smooth wall (left ventricle)

A

Membranous interventricular septum

73
Q

The wall of the ___ ventricle is much thicker than the ____ ventricle due to ____ pressures found in systemic circulation (_______) versus pulmonary circulation(______).

A

Left thicker than right

Systemic- left ventricle

Pulmonary- right ventricle

74
Q

The papillary muscles contract during ____ contraction of the ventricles thus restricting valve cuts movement into the ____. If a chorda tendinea snaps, a portion of the cusp will allow blood to regurgitate back through the valve into the ____ leading to inefficient cardiac output and a heart ____.

A

Systolic

Atrium

Atrium

Murmur

Anatomy Lab (11 decks)

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