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Anatomy Lab > Lab 5 Posterior Abdominal Wall > Flashcards

Lab 5 Posterior Abdominal Wall Flashcards

1
Q

Deep within the perirenal and pararenal fat within the paravertebral gutters at T12-L2

A

Kidneys

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2
Q

Prevertebral position with stubs from previously found celiac trunk, SMA and IMA

A

Abdominal aorta

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3
Q

To the right side of the abdominal aorta

A

IVC

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4
Q

Testicular artery and vein are found where? What do they cross superiorly and where?

A

At the deep inguinal ring, cross ureters anteriorly

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5
Q

What two arteries branch directly from the aorta at about an L2 vertebral level? Above or below the renal arteries?

A

Right and left testicular artery

Below the renal arteries

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6
Q

What drains into the left renal vein?

A

Left testicular vein drains into left renal vein

Right testicular vein drains into the IVC

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7
Q

The left and right ovarian arteries originate from the ____ at the ___ vertebral level. Above or below the renal arteries?

A

Abdominal aorta, below renal arteries

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8
Q

The left ovarian vein converges with the _____ and the right ovarian vein drains into the ____.

A

Left renal vein, IVC

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9
Q

The ovarian vessels cross _____ to the ureters and end in the pelvic cavity.

A

Anterior

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10
Q

Where is the adrenal/suprarenal gland found?

A

Superior pole of the kidney

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11
Q

The left renal vein has what tributary? The left renal vein crosses the abdominal aorta _____ to reach the ____.

A

Gonadal vein tributary

ANTERIORLY, IVC

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12
Q

The left suprarenal vein goes to the _____ and is a _____ approaching tributary to the _____.

A

Suprarenal gland

Superior

Left renal vein

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13
Q

The _____ drains the suprarenal gland to the IVC.

A

Right suprarenal vein

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14
Q

The left renal vein has what tributaries? What does the right renal vein have?

A

Gonadal or suprarenal tributaries

NONE

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15
Q

The left renal artery is found ___ to the left renal vein. The artery divides into segmental arteries of the kidney at the ___.

A

Posterior

Hilum

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16
Q

Which renal artery is typically longer?

A

Right renal artery

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17
Q

A small branch of each left and right renal arteries that supplies the SUPERIOR end of each ureter

A

Ureteral artery

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18
Q

Inferior suprarenal artery is a branch of the _____. Middle suprarenal artery is a branch of _____. Superior suprarenal artery is a branch of _____.

A

Inferior- L/R renal artery

Middle- abdominal aorta

Superior- inferior phrenic artery- the most SUPERIOR branch of the abdominal aorta

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19
Q

Right suprarenal gland is ___ shaped. Left suprarenal gland is _____ shaped.

A

Pyramid- right

Semilunar- left

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20
Q

What is the inferior continuation of the renal pelvis?

A

The ureter

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21
Q

Fibrous “skin” of the kidney

A

Renal capsule

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22
Q

Outer zone of the kidney about 1/3 of the depth

A

Renal cortex

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23
Q

Inner zone of the kidney, about 2/3 the depth

What is it composed of?

A

Renal medulla

Renal pyramids- triangles
Renal columns- between the pyramids, same color as the cortex

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24
Q

The space within the kidney filled with cal yes, pelvis, vessels, nerves and fat

A

Renal sinus

25
Q

The apex of the renal pyramid that projects into a minor calyx

A

Renal papilla

26
Q

A cone-like collecting tube which abuts the renal papilla and begins the formation of the extrarenal duct system

A

Minor calyx

27
Q

Formed by several minor calyces joining into a larger chamber, only 2-3 of these exist per kidney

A

Major calyx

28
Q

Formed by the confluence of the major calyces within the renal sinus, is a funnel-like beginning of the ureter that exists at the renal hilum

A

Renal pelvis

29
Q

The muscular duct that carries urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder

A

Ureter

30
Q

The continuation of the thoracic aorta at the aortic hiatus in the diaphragm. Ends at the bifurcation into what?

A

Abdominal aorta

Common iliac arteries

31
Q

The abdominal aorta has 3 types of branches. What are they?

A
  • 3 unpaired visceral (celiac trunk, superior mesenteric, inferior mesenteric)
  • 3 paired visceral (middle suprarenal, renal, and gonadal)
  • paired somatic/parietal (inferior phrenic and lumbar)
32
Q

The L and R inferior phrenic arteries are found where?

A

On the inferior surface of the diaphragm- THESE ARE THE MOST SUPERIOR BRANCHES OF THE ABDOMINAL AORTA

33
Q

The L and R phrenic arteries give rise to what?

A

The superior suprarenal arteries

34
Q

What supplies the posterior abdominal wall?

A

Four pairs of the lumbar arteries

35
Q

The right lumbar arteries pass ___ to the IVC and on both sides they pass ___ to the psoas major.

A

Posterior to the IVC

Deep to the psoas

36
Q

At L5 the left and right common iliac veins converge to form the ___. This ends at T8 by passing through the diaphragm. Are there any unpaired tributaries?

A

IVC

NO- it drains via portal vein to liver, and then to IVC via hepatic veins

37
Q

The IVC receives tributaries from paired abdominal organs either directly on the ___ side or indirectly on the ___ side.

A

Right side- direct

Left side- indirect

38
Q

The psoas minor is found on the ___ surface of the psoas major. The iliacus is found filling in the ____. The psoas major and iliacus merge in the thigh to insert on the lesser trochanter of the femur.

A

Anterior

Iliac fossa

39
Q 
The quadratus lumborum is found:
\_\_\_ to the psoas major
\_\_\_ to the iliac crest
\_\_\_ to rib 12
\_\_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_ to the trans versus abdominis
A

Lateral
Superior
Inferior
Medial and anterior

40
Q

What forms the lateral part of the posterior abdominal wall?

A

Transversus abdominis

41
Q

The lumbar plexus if formed within the ____. The branches are seen emerging from the ___ side (mostly) but a few are seen coming from the ___ or ___ side.

A

Psoas major muscle

LATERAL

Anterior or medial

42
Q

What is the last “intercostal” nerve and is found just below the 12th rib?

A

Subcostal nerve

43
Q

The iliohypogastric nerve crosses the ___ surface of the ___ part of the quadratus lumborum to course along the ____ of the transversis abdominis muscle above the ______.

A

Anterior, superior, interior, iliac crest

44
Q

What nerve likely shares a common trunk with the iliohypogastric nerve? It then parallels iliohypogastric ____ to pass within the ____ to the ______.

A

Ilioinguinal nerve

Inferiorly

Inguinal canal

Superficial inguinal ring

45
Q

Found inferior to the iliac crest on the surface of the iliacus, passes deep to the inguinal ligament just medial to the ASIS

A

Lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh

46
Q

Very large nerve, can be traced into the thigh deep to the inguinal ligament. Found on the lateral edge of the psoas major.

A

Femoral nerve

47
Q

Pierces and runs on the anterior surface of the psoas major.

A

Genitofemoral nerve

48
Q

Passes through the deep inguinal ring, inguinal canal, and superficial ring to access the scrotum.

Passes deep to the inguinal ligament along the anterior surface of the external iliac artery to gain access to the anterior proximal thigh.

A

Genital branch of genitofemoral

Femoral branch of genitofemoral

49
Q

The obturator or nerve is found ___ and ____ to the psoas major muscle aiming at the obutrator groove and obturator foramen ____ to the superior pubic ramus of the coxal bone.

A

Medial and deep

Posterior

50
Q

What is found medial to the obturator nerve on the ala (wing) of the sacrum?

A

Lumbosacral trunk

51
Q

On the right this is found posterior to the IVC, on the left it is overlapped by the abdominal aorta.

A

Lumbar sympathetic trunk

52
Q

The deep inguinal ring is found aligned with the ___ and ___ arteries.

A

External iliac/femoral arteries

53
Q

The aponeurotic center of the diaphragm

A

Central tendon

54
Q

Small part attaching to the posterior surface of the diploid process of the sternum

A

Sternal part of the diaphragm

55
Q

The muscle fibers that attach to the inferior 6 ribs and their costal cartilage

A

Costal part of the diaphragm

56
Q

Formed by two crura and the muscle fibers that arise from the medial and lateral arcuate ligaments

Found on right side of the aorta, attaching to the L1-L3 vertebral bodies

Found on the left side of the aorta attaching to vertebral bodies L1-L2

Thickening of fascia that serve as proximal attachments of the diaphragm muscle

A

Lumbar part of the diaphragm

Right crus

Left crus

Arcuate ligaments

57
Q

Bridges the anterior surface of the quadratus lumborum

Bridges the anterior surface of the psoas major

Unpaired ligament that bridges the aorta anteriorly at the aortic hiatus

A

Lateral arcuate ligament

Medial arcuate ligament

Median arcuate ligament

58
Q

3 large openings in the diaphragm

A

Vena canal foramen- through central tendon at T8

Esophageal hiatus- through right crus at T10

Aortic hiatus- NOT IN, but posterior to diaphragm at T12

Anatomy Lab (11 decks)

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