Lab 5 Posterior Abdominal Wall

Question 1

Deep within the perirenal and pararenal fat within the paravertebral gutters at T12-L2

Answer 1

Kidneys

Question 2

Prevertebral position with stubs from previously found celiac trunk, SMA and IMA

Answer 2

Abdominal aorta

Question 3

To the right side of the abdominal aorta

Answer 3

IVC

Question 4

Testicular artery and vein are found where? What do they cross superiorly and where?

Answer 4

At the deep inguinal ring, cross ureters anteriorly

Question 5

What two arteries branch directly from the aorta at about an L2 vertebral level? Above or below the renal arteries?

Answer 5

Right and left testicular artery

Below the renal arteries

Question 6

What drains into the left renal vein?

Answer 6

Left testicular vein drains into left renal vein

Right testicular vein drains into the IVC

Question 7

The left and right ovarian arteries originate from the ____ at the ___ vertebral level. Above or below the renal arteries?

Answer 7

Abdominal aorta, below renal arteries

Question 8

The left ovarian vein converges with the _____ and the right ovarian vein drains into the ____.

Answer 8

Left renal vein, IVC

Question 9

The ovarian vessels cross _____ to the ureters and end in the pelvic cavity.

Answer 9

Anterior

Question 10

Where is the adrenal/suprarenal gland found?

Answer 10

Superior pole of the kidney

Question 11

The left renal vein has what tributary? The left renal vein crosses the abdominal aorta _____ to reach the ____.

Answer 11

Gonadal vein tributary

ANTERIORLY, IVC

Question 12

The left suprarenal vein goes to the _____ and is a _____ approaching tributary to the _____.

Answer 12

Suprarenal gland

Superior

Left renal vein

Question 13

The _____ drains the suprarenal gland to the IVC.

Answer 13

Right suprarenal vein

Question 14

The left renal vein has what tributaries? What does the right renal vein have?

Answer 14

Gonadal or suprarenal tributaries

NONE

Question 15

The left renal artery is found ___ to the left renal vein. The artery divides into segmental arteries of the kidney at the ___.

Answer 15

Posterior

Hilum

Question 16

Which renal artery is typically longer?

Answer 16

Right renal artery

Question 17

A small branch of each left and right renal arteries that supplies the SUPERIOR end of each ureter

Answer 17

Ureteral artery

Question 18

Inferior suprarenal artery is a branch of the _____. Middle suprarenal artery is a branch of _____. Superior suprarenal artery is a branch of _____.

Answer 18

Inferior- L/R renal artery

Middle- abdominal aorta

Superior- inferior phrenic artery- the most SUPERIOR branch of the abdominal aorta

Question 19

Right suprarenal gland is ___ shaped. Left suprarenal gland is _____ shaped.

Answer 19

Pyramid- right

Semilunar- left

Question 20

What is the inferior continuation of the renal pelvis?

Answer 20

The ureter

Question 21

Fibrous “skin” of the kidney

Answer 21

Renal capsule

Question 22

Outer zone of the kidney about 1/3 of the depth

Answer 22

Renal cortex

Question 23

Inner zone of the kidney, about 2/3 the depth

What is it composed of?

Answer 23

Renal medulla

Renal pyramids- triangles
Renal columns- between the pyramids, same color as the cortex

Question 24

The space within the kidney filled with cal yes, pelvis, vessels, nerves and fat

Answer 24

Renal sinus

Question 25

The apex of the renal pyramid that projects into a minor calyx

Answer 25

Renal papilla

Question 26

A cone-like collecting tube which abuts the renal papilla and begins the formation of the extrarenal duct system

Answer 26

Minor calyx

Question 27

Formed by several minor calyces joining into a larger chamber, only 2-3 of these exist per kidney

Answer 27

Major calyx

Question 28

Formed by the confluence of the major calyces within the renal sinus, is a funnel-like beginning of the ureter that exists at the renal hilum

Answer 28

Renal pelvis

Question 29

The muscular duct that carries urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder

Answer 29

Ureter

Question 30

The continuation of the thoracic aorta at the aortic hiatus in the diaphragm. Ends at the bifurcation into what?

Answer 30

Abdominal aorta Common iliac arteries

Question 31

The abdominal aorta has 3 types of branches. What are they?

Answer 31

- 3 unpaired visceral (celiac trunk, superior mesenteric, inferior mesenteric) - 3 paired visceral (middle suprarenal, renal, and gonadal) - paired somatic/parietal (inferior phrenic and lumbar)

Question 32

The L and R inferior phrenic arteries are found where?

Answer 32

On the inferior surface of the diaphragm- THESE ARE THE MOST SUPERIOR BRANCHES OF THE ABDOMINAL AORTA

Question 33

The L and R phrenic arteries give rise to what?

Answer 33

The superior suprarenal arteries

Question 34

What supplies the posterior abdominal wall?

Answer 34

Four pairs of the lumbar arteries

Question 35

The right lumbar arteries pass ___ to the IVC and on both sides they pass ___ to the psoas major.

Answer 35

Posterior to the IVC Deep to the psoas

Question 36

At L5 the left and right common iliac veins converge to form the ___. This ends at T8 by passing through the diaphragm. Are there any unpaired tributaries?

Answer 36

IVC NO- it drains via portal vein to liver, and then to IVC via hepatic veins

Question 37

The IVC receives tributaries from paired abdominal organs either directly on the ___ side or indirectly on the ___ side.

Answer 37

Right side- direct | Left side- indirect

Question 38

The psoas minor is found on the ___ surface of the psoas major. The iliacus is found filling in the ____. The psoas major and iliacus merge in the thigh to insert on the lesser trochanter of the femur.

Answer 38

Anterior Iliac fossa

Question 39

``` The quadratus lumborum is found: ___ to the psoas major ___ to the iliac crest ___ to rib 12 ____ and ____ to the trans versus abdominis ```

Answer 39

Lateral Superior Inferior Medial and anterior

Question 40

What forms the lateral part of the posterior abdominal wall?

Answer 40

Transversus abdominis

Question 41

The lumbar plexus if formed within the ____. The branches are seen emerging from the ___ side (mostly) but a few are seen coming from the ___ or ___ side.

Answer 41

Psoas major muscle LATERAL Anterior or medial

Question 42

What is the last "intercostal" nerve and is found just below the 12th rib?

Answer 42

Subcostal nerve

Question 43

The iliohypogastric nerve crosses the ___ surface of the ___ part of the quadratus lumborum to course along the ____ of the transversis abdominis muscle above the ______.

Answer 43

Anterior, superior, interior, iliac crest

Question 44

What nerve likely shares a common trunk with the iliohypogastric nerve? It then parallels iliohypogastric ____ to pass within the ____ to the ______.

Answer 44

Ilioinguinal nerve Inferiorly Inguinal canal Superficial inguinal ring

Question 45

Found inferior to the iliac crest on the surface of the iliacus, passes deep to the inguinal ligament just medial to the ASIS

Answer 45

Lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh

Question 46

Very large nerve, can be traced into the thigh deep to the inguinal ligament. Found on the lateral edge of the psoas major.

Answer 46

Femoral nerve

Question 47

Pierces and runs on the anterior surface of the psoas major.

Answer 47

Genitofemoral nerve

Question 48

Passes through the deep inguinal ring, inguinal canal, and superficial ring to access the scrotum. Passes deep to the inguinal ligament along the anterior surface of the external iliac artery to gain access to the anterior proximal thigh.

Answer 48

Genital branch of genitofemoral Femoral branch of genitofemoral

Question 49

The obturator or nerve is found ___ and ____ to the psoas major muscle aiming at the obutrator groove and obturator foramen ____ to the superior pubic ramus of the coxal bone.

Answer 49

Medial and deep Posterior

Question 50

What is found medial to the obturator nerve on the ala (wing) of the sacrum?

Answer 50

Lumbosacral trunk

Question 51

On the right this is found posterior to the IVC, on the left it is overlapped by the abdominal aorta.

Answer 51

Lumbar sympathetic trunk

Question 52

The deep inguinal ring is found aligned with the ___ and ___ arteries.

Answer 52

External iliac/femoral arteries

Question 53

The aponeurotic center of the diaphragm

Answer 53

Central tendon

Question 54

Small part attaching to the posterior surface of the diploid process of the sternum

Answer 54

Sternal part of the diaphragm

Question 55

The muscle fibers that attach to the inferior 6 ribs and their costal cartilage

Answer 55

Costal part of the diaphragm

Question 56

Formed by two crura and the muscle fibers that arise from the medial and lateral arcuate ligaments Found on right side of the aorta, attaching to the L1-L3 vertebral bodies Found on the left side of the aorta attaching to vertebral bodies L1-L2 Thickening of fascia that serve as proximal attachments of the diaphragm muscle

Answer 56

Lumbar part of the diaphragm Right crus Left crus Arcuate ligaments

Question 57

Bridges the anterior surface of the quadratus lumborum Bridges the anterior surface of the psoas major Unpaired ligament that bridges the aorta anteriorly at the aortic hiatus

Answer 57

Lateral arcuate ligament Medial arcuate ligament Median arcuate ligament

Question 58

3 large openings in the diaphragm

Answer 58

Vena canal foramen- through central tendon at T8 Esophageal hiatus- through right crus at T10 Aortic hiatus- NOT IN, but posterior to diaphragm at T12