Lab 1 Abdominal wall Flashcards
The superficial fascia of the anterolateral abdominal wall has a superficial fatty layer (____ fascia) and a deep membranous layer (____ fascia) that is primarily found inferior to the level of the umbilicus.
Camper’s fascia
Scarpa’s fascia- this connects to fascia lata of the thigh and is continuous with fascia of the perineum, scrotum, and penis
The inguinal canal is located ___ to the ___ half of the inguinal ligament and extends from the ____ inguinal ring to the ___ inguinal ring.
superior, medial
superficial, deep
Muscle fibers of the external oblique muscle course inferiorly from the external surface of the ribs 5-12 toward what 3 things?
linea alba, pubic tubercle, iliac crest
What is a curved split in the external oblique aponeurosis? What passes through here?
superficial inguinal ring
spermatic cord or round ligament of the uterus
Fibers of the EOA just above the inguinal ligament that lead into the lateral margin of the superficial inguinal ring, attaches to the pubic tubercle
lateral crus
Fibers of the EOA just superior to the inguinal canal that lead into the medial margin of the superficial inguinal ring, attaches to the pubic crest
medial crus
Fibers spanning superficial to the inguinal canal between the lateral crus and the medial crus of the superficial ring, thus located superolateral to the ring
intercrural fibers
Inferior border of the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle that is “turned under”, it attaches to the ASIS and its superficial portion attaches to the pubic tubercle while the deeper portion attaches to the pubic crest
inguinal ligament
The external oblique aponeurosis forms the ___ wall of the inguinal canal and the inguinal ligament forms its ____ with the internal oblique forming most of the ___ wall.
anterior, floor, posterior
Nerves exit the inguinal canal at the superficial inguinal ring ___ to the spermatic cord.
anterior
The intermediate layer is found deep to what?
deep to the external oblique
What is immediately deep to the external oblique?
internal oblique- the more superior fibers of the internal oblique are more perpendicular to the external oblique fibers (running inferolateral to superomedial) while the lower fibers run more horizontally
The lower fibers of the internal oblique muscle pass horizontally arching over _____ to attach to ___. These arching fibers form part of the roof of the inguinal canal and the aponeurotic insertion of these fibers forms part of the posterior wall of the inguinal canal called what?
spermatic cord or round ligament of the uterus
attach to pecten pubis (pectinate line)
conjoint tendon
What is a small bundle of muscle fibers from the internal oblique muscle to the superficial side of the spermatic cord?
cremaster muscle
What two nerves are found in the plane between the external and internal oblique muscles? Which is more inferior?
ilioinguinal nerve and iliohypogastric nerve
the ilioinguinal is more inferior and found within the inguinal canal emerging at the superficial inguinal ring NOT THE DEEP
The deep inguinal ring is located ____ to the midpoint of the inguinal ligament and usually in line with what artery?
superior, femoral artery
Where can you see the inferior epigastric vessels? What fascia do they sit in?
through (deep) the transversalis fascia- lines the abdominal muscles
sit in the extraperitneal fascia
What is found lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels?
deep inguinal ring
Boundaries of the inguinal canal: deep- superficial- anterior wall- inferior (floor)- superior (roof)- posterior-
- deep- deep inguinal ring
- superficial- superficial inguinal ring
- anterior wall- aponeurosis of external oblique and internal oblique muscle fibers along lateral 1/3 of canal
- inferior- inguinal ligament
- superior- arching fibers of internal oblique and transversus abdominis
- posterior- transversalis fascia laterally and conjoint tendon medially
The rectus sheath attaches at the ___ of the ____ muscle.
tendinous intersections of the rectus abdominis muscle
What is found anterior to the inferior end of the rectus abdominis?
pyramidalis
What two sets of vessels are found on the posterior surface of the rectus abdominis muscle?
superior (superior to umbilicus) and inferior (inferior to umbilicus) epigastric artery and vein
What is midway between the pubic symphysis and the umbilicus?
arcuate line
Deep and inferior to the arcuate line is the ____ fascia and deep to this you will find what two things?
transversalis fascia
deeper is the extraperitoneal fascia and the parietal peritoneum
What is the fusion of the aponeuroses of the right and left lateral abdominal muscles?
linea alba
The scrotal ligament anchors the inferior pole of the testis to the scrotum and is the remnant of what?
glubernaculum testis
What is the dividing wall between the two scrotal compartments?
scrotal septum
The spermatic cord contains what?
ductus deferens, testicular vessels, lymphatics, and nerves
What 3 fascial layers cover the spermatic cord? What are they derived from?
- external spermatic fascia- from external oblique aponeurosis
- cremasteric muscle/fascia- (intermediate layer) from internal oblique muscle and aponeurosis
- internal spermatic fascia- from transversalis fascia
What is the very small artery on the surface of the ductus deferens?
the atery of the ductus deferens
The ductus deferens can be followed superior through the inguinal canal to the deep inguinal ring where is passes through to access the abdominal cavity just ____ to the inferior epigastric vessels.
lateral
Where is the testicular artery found?
in the pampiniform plexus
The visceral layer of the tunica vaginalis covers what surfaces of the testis?
anterior, medial, and lateral NOT posterior
The tunica vaginalis is a serous sac derived from the ____, but is no longer continuous with that abdominal layer. The two layers for a cavity containing a small amount of ____.
parietal peritoneum
serous fluid
3 parts of the epididymis?
head of epididymis- superior expansion which receives the efferent ductules
body- middle part that is narrower than the head
tail- inferior part that turns superiorly to join the ductus deferens
What is the thick, fibrous capsule of the testis?
tunica albuginea
What divides the testis into lobules?
septa of the testis
What is packed within a lobule?
seminiferous tubules
