Lab 1 Abdominal wall

Question 1

The superficial fascia of the anterolateral abdominal wall has a superficial fatty layer (____ fascia) and a deep membranous layer (____ fascia) that is primarily found inferior to the level of the umbilicus.

Answer 1

Camper’s fascia

Scarpa’s fascia- this connects to fascia lata of the thigh and is continuous with fascia of the perineum, scrotum, and penis

Question 2

The inguinal canal is located ___ to the ___ half of the inguinal ligament and extends from the ____ inguinal ring to the ___ inguinal ring.

Answer 2

superior, medial

superficial, deep

Question 3

Muscle fibers of the external oblique muscle course inferiorly from the external surface of the ribs 5-12 toward what 3 things?

Answer 3

linea alba, pubic tubercle, iliac crest

Question 4

What is a curved split in the external oblique aponeurosis? What passes through here?

Answer 4

superficial inguinal ring

spermatic cord or round ligament of the uterus

Question 5

Fibers of the EOA just above the inguinal ligament that lead into the lateral margin of the superficial inguinal ring, attaches to the pubic tubercle

Answer 5

lateral crus

Question 6

Fibers of the EOA just superior to the inguinal canal that lead into the medial margin of the superficial inguinal ring, attaches to the pubic crest

Answer 6

medial crus

Question 7

Fibers spanning superficial to the inguinal canal between the lateral crus and the medial crus of the superficial ring, thus located superolateral to the ring

Answer 7

intercrural fibers

Question 8

Inferior border of the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle that is “turned under”, it attaches to the ASIS and its superficial portion attaches to the pubic tubercle while the deeper portion attaches to the pubic crest

Answer 8

inguinal ligament

Question 9

The external oblique aponeurosis forms the ___ wall of the inguinal canal and the inguinal ligament forms its ____ with the internal oblique forming most of the ___ wall.

Answer 9

anterior, floor, posterior

Question 10

Nerves exit the inguinal canal at the superficial inguinal ring ___ to the spermatic cord.

Answer 10

anterior

Question 11

The intermediate layer is found deep to what?

Answer 11

deep to the external oblique

Question 12

What is immediately deep to the external oblique?

Answer 12

internal oblique- the more superior fibers of the internal oblique are more perpendicular to the external oblique fibers (running inferolateral to superomedial) while the lower fibers run more horizontally

Question 13

The lower fibers of the internal oblique muscle pass horizontally arching over _____ to attach to ___. These arching fibers form part of the roof of the inguinal canal and the aponeurotic insertion of these fibers forms part of the posterior wall of the inguinal canal called what?

Answer 13

spermatic cord or round ligament of the uterus

attach to pecten pubis (pectinate line)

conjoint tendon

Question 14

What is a small bundle of muscle fibers from the internal oblique muscle to the superficial side of the spermatic cord?

Answer 14

cremaster muscle

Question 15

What two nerves are found in the plane between the external and internal oblique muscles? Which is more inferior?

Answer 15

ilioinguinal nerve and iliohypogastric nerve

the ilioinguinal is more inferior and found within the inguinal canal emerging at the superficial inguinal ring NOT THE DEEP

Question 16

The deep inguinal ring is located ____ to the midpoint of the inguinal ligament and usually in line with what artery?

Answer 16

superior, femoral artery

Question 17

Where can you see the inferior epigastric vessels? What fascia do they sit in?

Answer 17

through (deep) the transversalis fascia- lines the abdominal muscles

sit in the extraperitneal fascia

Question 18

What is found lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels?

Answer 18

deep inguinal ring

Question 19

Boundaries of the inguinal canal:
deep-
superficial-
anterior wall-
inferior (floor)- 
superior (roof)-
posterior-

Answer 19

• deep- deep inguinal ring
• superficial- superficial inguinal ring
• anterior wall- aponeurosis of external oblique and internal oblique muscle fibers along lateral 1/3 of canal
• inferior- inguinal ligament
• superior- arching fibers of internal oblique and transversus abdominis
• posterior- transversalis fascia laterally and conjoint tendon medially

Question 20

The rectus sheath attaches at the ___ of the ____ muscle.

Answer 20

tendinous intersections of the rectus abdominis muscle

Question 21

What is found anterior to the inferior end of the rectus abdominis?

Answer 21

pyramidalis

Question 22

What two sets of vessels are found on the posterior surface of the rectus abdominis muscle?

Answer 22

superior (superior to umbilicus) and inferior (inferior to umbilicus) epigastric artery and vein

Question 23

What is midway between the pubic symphysis and the umbilicus?

Answer 23

arcuate line

Question 24

Deep and inferior to the arcuate line is the ____ fascia and deep to this you will find what two things?

Answer 24

transversalis fascia

deeper is the extraperitoneal fascia and the parietal peritoneum

Question 25

What is the fusion of the aponeuroses of the right and left lateral abdominal muscles?

Answer 25

linea alba

Question 26

The scrotal ligament anchors the inferior pole of the testis to the scrotum and is the remnant of what?

Answer 26

glubernaculum testis

Question 27

What is the dividing wall between the two scrotal compartments?

Answer 27

scrotal septum

Question 28

The spermatic cord contains what?

Answer 28

ductus deferens, testicular vessels, lymphatics, and nerves

Question 29

What 3 fascial layers cover the spermatic cord? What are they derived from?

Answer 29

• external spermatic fascia- from external oblique aponeurosis
• cremasteric muscle/fascia- (intermediate layer) from internal oblique muscle and aponeurosis
• internal spermatic fascia- from transversalis fascia

Question 30

What is the very small artery on the surface of the ductus deferens?

Answer 30

the atery of the ductus deferens

Question 31

The ductus deferens can be followed superior through the inguinal canal to the deep inguinal ring where is passes through to access the abdominal cavity just ____ to the inferior epigastric vessels.

Answer 31

lateral

Question 32

Where is the testicular artery found?

Answer 32

in the pampiniform plexus

Question 33

The visceral layer of the tunica vaginalis covers what surfaces of the testis?

Answer 33

anterior, medial, and lateral NOT posterior

Question 34

The tunica vaginalis is a serous sac derived from the ____, but is no longer continuous with that abdominal layer. The two layers for a cavity containing a small amount of ____.

Answer 34

parietal peritoneum

serous fluid

Question 35

3 parts of the epididymis?

Answer 35

head of epididymis- superior expansion which receives the efferent ductules

body- middle part that is narrower than the head

tail- inferior part that turns superiorly to join the ductus deferens

Question 36

What is the thick, fibrous capsule of the testis?

Answer 36

tunica albuginea

Question 37

What divides the testis into lobules?

Answer 37

septa of the testis

Question 38

What is packed within a lobule?

Answer 38

seminiferous tubules