Lab #8: Appendicular Skeletal Muscles Flashcards
Superficial anterior muscles of the arm
- Deltoid
- Biceps brachii (2 heads)
- Brachialis
- Brachioradialis
- Pectoralis major
- Coracobrachialis
Function of the deltoid muscle
Flexes and medially rotates the arm, abducts the arm
Function of the biceps brachii
Rapid or forceful supination of forearm, synergist in elbow flexion
Function of the brachialis
Flexes forearm at elbow joint
Function of the brachioradialis
Flexes elbow
Function of the pectorals major
Flexes, adducts, and medially rotates humerus
Coracobrachialis
Flexes and adducts arm at shoulder joint
Superficial posterior muscles of the arm
- Supraspinatus muscle
- Infraspinatus muscle
- Teres minor muscle
- Teres major muscle
- Triceps brachii (3 heads)
- Latissiumus dorsi
- Rotator cuff
Muscles of the rotator cuff
Supraspinatus muscle, infraspinatus muscle, subscapularis muscle, teres minor muscle
Function of the supraspinatus muscle
aids deltoid in abduction of arm
Function of the infraspinatus muscle
modulates action of deltoid, rotates humerus laterally
Function of the terms minor muscle
Extends and medially rotates humerus
Function of the terss major muscle
extends and medially rotates humerus
Function of the triceps brachii muscle
- extends the forearm at elbow joint
- extends the arm at the shoulder joint
- extends elbow (primary mover)
Function of the latissimus dorsi
- extends, adducts, and medially rotates the humerus
- draws arm inferiorly and posteriorly
Anterior muscles of the forearm
- Pronator teres
- Flexor carpi radialis
- Extensor carpi radialis (longus and brevis)
- Flexor digitorum superficialis (superficial)
- Flexor pollicis longus (deep)
- Supinator (deep)
- Flexor digitorum profundus (deep)
Function of the pronator terms muscle
pronates forearm
Function of the flexor carpi radialis
Abducts hand
Function of the extensor carpi radialis (longus and brevis)
Flexes and adbucts hand and wrist joint
Function of the flexor digitorum superficialis (superficial)
- Flexes middle phalanx of each proximal interphalangeal joint
- Flexes proximal phalanx of each finger at metacarpophalangeal joint
- Flexes hand at wrist joint
- Flexes and abducts hand at wrist joint
Function of the flexor pollicis longus (deep)
flexes distal phalange of thumb
Function of the Supinator (deep)
Supinates forearm
Function of the flexor digitorum profundus (deep)
- powerful flexor of the fingers
- As it pulls the distal phalanges towards the hand, it causes flexion of the digits 2-4 at the metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints.
Posterior muscles of the forearm
- Extensor carpi radialis longus & brevis
- Extensor digitorum
- Abductor pollicis longus
- Extensor pollicis longus & brevis
Function of the extensor carpi radialis (longus & brevis)
Extends and abducts wrist (brevis also studies wrist during . finger flexion)
Function of the extensor digitorum
Prime mover of finger extension
Function of the abductor pollicis longus
Abducts and extends thumb, abducts wrist
Function of the extensor pollicis (longus & brevis)
Extends thumb
Anterior muscles of the Hip/Thigh
-Iliopsoas (Iliacus and Psoas major):
-Adductors (5 muscles):
→ Adductor magnus
→ Adductor longus
→ Adductor brevis
→ Pectineus
→ Gracilis
-Knee extensors: Quadraceps femoris (4 muscles):
→ Rectus Femoris
→ Vastus lateralis
→ Vastus intermedius
→ vastus medialis
-Thigh flexors/abductors:
→ Tensor fasciae latae
→ Sartorius
Iliopsoas muscles of the anterior hip/thigh
Iliacus and Psoas major
Function of the Iliacus and Psoas major
Prime mover for flexing the thigh
Adductors (5 muscles) of the anterior hip/thigh
→ Adductor magnus
→ Adductor longus
→ Adductor brevis
→ Pectineus
→ GracilisKnee extensors: Quadraceps femoris (4 muscles)
→ Rectus Femoris (knee extensor, also flexes thigh at hip)
→ Vastus lateralis (knee extensor, also stabilizes knee)
→ Vastus intermedius
→ Vastus medialis (knee extensor, also stabilizes the patella)
-Thigh flexors/abductors
→ Tensor fasciae latae
→ Sartorius (also laterally rotates thigh & weak knee flexor)
Muscles of the posterior hip/thigh
-Gluetus (3 muscles)
→ Gluteus maximus
→ Gluetus medius
→ Gluteus minimus
-Lateral rotators (6 muscles):
→ Piridormis
→ Gemellus superior
→ Obturator internus
→ Obturator externus
→ Gamellus inferior
→ Quadratus femoris
-Hamstring (3 muscles):
→ Biceps femoris (2 heads):
→ Semitendinosus and SemimembranosusGluetus muscles
→ Gluteus maximus
→ Gluetus medius
→ Gluteus minimus
Function of the gluteus Maximus
Major extensor of thigh
Function of the Gluetus medius
Abducts and medially rotates thigh, action is extremely important in walking
Function of the Gluteus minimus
Abducts and medially rotates thigh
-Lateral rotators (6 muscles)
→ Piridormis
→ Gemellus superior
→ Obturator internus
→ Obturator externus
→ Gamellus inferior
→ Quadratus femorisFunction of the lateral rotators
oppose medial rotation by the gluterus medius and minumus
Hamstring (3 muscles)
→ Biceps femoris
→ Semitendinosus and Semimembranosus:
Function of the Biceps femoris
extends thigh and flexes knee, laterally rotates leg
Semitendinosus and Semimembranosus function
Flexes leg at knee joint and extends the thigh at hip join
Adduction vs Abduction
Adduction exercises involve bringing your limbs towards the midline of your body
abduction exercises involve moving your limbs away from your body, like with side leg lifts.
