Lab #3: The Skull, Axial Skeleton, and Physiology of Osseous Tissue

Question 1

Skeletal system consists of __________.

Answer 1

bones, its associated cartilages, and the joints

Question 2

Tendons are ___ included in the skeletal system because

Answer 2

not, because they connect bone to muscle, and therefore are part of the musculoskeletal system.

Question 3

Axial skeleton is composed of _____.

Answer 3

the bones of the head, neck, and trunk- specifically the cranial bones, facial bones, vertebral column, hyoid bone, sternum, and ribs

Question 4

Appendicular skeleton is composed of _____.

Answer 4

the bones of the upper limbs, the lower limb, the pectoral girdle, and the pelvic girdle

Question 5

Pectoral girdle

Answer 5

the bones forming the shoulder joint (clavicle and scapula)

Question 6

Pelvic girdle

Answer 6

the bones forming the pelvis and hip joint (sacrum and coxal bone)

Question 7

Thoracic cage

Answer 7

sternum and ribs

Question 8

Upper limb

Answer 8

humerus, ulna, radius, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges

Question 9

Lower limb

Answer 9

femur, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges

Question 10

The skull is composed of two classes of bones

Answer 10

cranial bones and facial bones

Question 11

Cranial bones

Answer 11

encase the brain and form the calvaria

Question 12

Calvaria

Answer 12

skullcap

Question 13

Sutures

Answer 13

immovable joints at which the cranial bones are formed

Question 14

Cranial base: made up of indentations that support the brain

Answer 14

a) Anterior cranial fossa
b) Middle cranial fossa
c) Posterior cranial fossa

Question 15

8 cranial bones

Answer 15

1 frontal, 2 parietal, 2 temporal, 1 occipital, 1 sphenoid, 1 ethmoid

Question 16

Frontal bone

Answer 16

forms the anterior portion of the cranium and the superior part of the orbit

Question 17

Glabella

Answer 17

smooth area between the eyes

Question 18

Supraorbital foramen

Answer 18

two small holes (foramina) located over the anterior ridge of the orbit

Question 19

Supraorbital margin

Answer 19

the anterior ridge of the orbit

Question 20

Frontal sinuses

Answer 20

part of the paranasal sinuses, which are a group of bony cavities that surround the nasal cavity

Question 21

function of the paranasal sinuses

Answer 21

air from the nasal cavity enters the paranasal sinuses via small openings in the bones, and in the sinuses, the air gets filtered, warmed, and humidified.

Question 22

parietal bones

Answer 22

paired, form the superior and part of the lateral walls of the cranium

Question 23

Sagittal suture

Answer 23

parietal and parietal bones meet

Question 24

Coronal suture

Answer 24

frontal and parietal bones meet

Question 25

Lambdoid suture

Answer 25

occipital and parietal bones meet

Question 26

Squamous suture

Answer 26

temporal and parietal bones meet

Question 27

Temporal bones

Answer 27

paired, lateral walls of the cranium

Question 28

4 general regions of the temporal bone

Answer 28

flat squamous region, tympanic region, mastoid region, petrous region

Question 29

Flat squamous region

Answer 29

the temporal bone’s most lateral portion

• Zygomatic process: forms part of the zygomatic arch/cheekbone, and eventually connects to the zygomatic bone
• Mandibular fossa: inferior to the zygomatic process, an indentation that forms the temporomandibular joint with the mandible

Question 30

Tympanic region

Answer 30

the temporal bone’s inferior region

• External acoustic meatus: opening to the external auditory canal, leading to the middle and inner ear
• Styloid process: needle-like projection, inferior to the external acoustic meatus

Question 31

Mastoid region

Answer 31

posterior to the tympanic region of the temporal bone

-Mastoid process with tiny sinuses called mastoid air cells