Lab #2: Basic Histology of the Skeletal System

Question 1

The skeleton is divided into two major subdivisions

Answer 1

the axial and appendicular skeleton

Question 2

Axial skeleton

Answer 2

consists of all the bones along the midline of the body, including all the bones of the skull, neck, thorax, and abdomen. Can be paired or unpaired.

Question 3

Appendicular skeleton

Answer 3

consists of all the bones pertaining to the upper and lower limbs, these bones are always paired

Question 4

Paired bones

Answer 4

one on each side of the body

Question 5

Unpaired bones

Answer 5

one directly along the midline

Question 6

Shapes of bone

Answer 6

long, short, irregular, flat

Question 7

Osteon

Answer 7

the basic organizational unit of osseous tissue

Question 8

Both spongy bone and compact bone contain ______.

Answer 8

Osteons

Question 9

Osteons in compact vs spongy bone

Answer 9

Compact bone contains numerous, densely-packed osteons, while the osteons in spongy bone are scattered throughout the trabeculae and spicules

Question 10

A single osteon is comprised of _____________.

Answer 10

multiple lamellae (circular layers) surrounding a central canal, which houses blood vessels and nerves

Question 11

Osteocytes

Answer 11

mature bone cells

Question 12

Osteoblasts

Answer 12

immature bone cells

Question 13

Osteocytes sit in between ______.

Answer 13

the lamella and small gaps in the bone matrix, called lacunae

Question 14

Canaliculi

Answer 14

minute channels in the hard bone matrix that osteocytes communicate through

Question 15

Osteoblasts produce ______.

Answer 15

collagen fibers during bone formation

Question 16

Long bones

Answer 16

cylindrical bones of the limbs that are longer than they are wide

Question 17

Diaphysis

Answer 17

long central portion of the long bone

Question 18

Epiphysis

Answer 18

the complex end piece of each long bone

Question 19

Diaphysis houses the medullary cavity, which contains ______.

Answer 19

yellow bone marrow and is lined by a thin epithelium, the endosteum

Question 20

Each epiphysis contains _____.

Answer 20

spongy bone filled with red bone marrow

Question 21

Epiphyseal line

Answer 21

the line where the diaphysis and epiphysis fused together

Question 22

Epiphyseal line

Answer 22

the line where the diaphysis and epiphysis fused together

Question 23

Living bone tissue is encased by a thin layer of ______.

Answer 23

dense connective tissue, called the periosteum

Question 24

There is a thin layer of _______ on the epiphyses that cushions the long bones wherever they meet at the synovial joints

Answer 24

articular cartilage

Question 25

Nutrient foramina

Answer 25

little holes in the compact bone created by blood vessels and nerves

Question 26

Deep to the periosteum is a layer of _____.

Answer 26

compact bone, with spongy bone deep to the compact bone

Question 27

Organization of Flat Bones

Answer 27

• No medullary cavity
• Structured like a sandwich with multiple layers: flat bones are covered with a periosteum, followed by a layer of compact bone tissue on both sides, then spongy bone in the center

Question 28

diploë

Answer 28

The deep spongy bone in the middle of flat bones