Lab 7: Peripheral Nervous System

Question 1

• leaves the dorsal side of the spinal cord

- has bundle of sensory axons that will merge with the bundles of axons from the ventral root to form a spinal nerve

Answer 1

dorsal root

Question 2

• dilated region in the center of the dorsal root

- contains cell bodies of sensory neurons

Answer 2

dorsal root ganglion

Question 3

• leaves the ventral side of the spinal cord

- contains axons of motor neurons

Answer 3

ventral root

Question 4

• contains both sensory and motor axons
• exits the spinal cord through the intervertebral foramen
• give off rami and rami communicantes

Answer 4

spinal nerve

Question 5

• curve posteriorly

- innervates the muscles and skin of the back and the back of the neck

Answer 5

dorsal rami

Question 6

• continue laterally and anteriorly
• innervate the muscles and skin of the lateral and anterior trunk
• innervate the muscles and skin of the upper and lower extremities

Answer 6

ventral rami

Question 7

• carry autonomic signals away from and toward the spinal cord
• travel to a nearby autonomic ganglion
• contain autonomic tracts

Answer 7

rami communicantes

Question 8

formed by the ventral rami of cervical spinal nerves C5-T1

Answer 8

brachial plexus

Question 9

• formed by the ventral rami of C5, C6 and C7

- courses along lateral thoracic wall, superficial to serratus anterior

Answer 9

long thoracic nerve

Question 10

the trunk formed by convergence of C5 and C6 ventral rami

Answer 10

superior trunk

Question 11

the trunk formed by C7 ventral rami

Answer 11

middle trunk

Question 12

the trunk formed by the convergence of C8 and T1 rami

Answer 12

inferior trunk

Question 13

• emerges off the superior trunk

- innervates muscles of the scapula

Answer 13

suprascapular nerve

Question 14

cord positioned more superficially on the medial side of the axillary artery

Answer 14

medial cord

Question 15

cord positioned more superficially on the lateral side of the axillary artery

Answer 15

lateral cord

Question 16

sits posterior to the axillary artery

Answer 16

posterior cord

Question 17

• emerges from the lateral cord
• lateral and superficial
• innervates all the muscles of the anterior upper arm

Answer 17

musculocutaneous nerve

Question 18

• medial and superficial nerve
• emerges from medial cord
• positioned on posterior side of elbow “funny bone”
• innervates some of the muscles on the medial side of the flexor compartment of the forearm
• innervates the hypothenar compartment

Answer 18

ulnar nerve

Question 19

• middle and superficial nerve
• emerges from the lateral and medial cords
• innervates some muscles within the flexor compartment of the forearm
• innervates muscles of thenar compartment
• passes through the carpal tunnel

Answer 19

median nerve

Question 20

• deep within axilla
• arises from posterior cord closer to the trunk
• innervates latissimus dorsi muscle
• terminates into radial and axillary nerves

Answer 20

thoracodorsal nerve

Question 21

• medial nerve coming off thoracodorsal nerve

- innervates posterior side of the upper extremity

Answer 21

radial nerve

Question 22

• branches off the deep branch
• courses deep to the brachioradialis muscle and to the lateral side of the posterior wrist (near posterior base of the thumb)

Answer 22

superficial branch of radial nerve

Question 23

• courses deep to the triceps brachii, wraps around the lateral side of the anterior elbow and can be seen deep between the brachioradialis and brachialis muscles
• continues deep to the muscles on the posterior side of the forearm

Answer 23

deep branch of radial nerve

Question 24

• lateral nerve coming off thoracodorsal nerve
• goes directly into the armpit
• innervates the teres minor and deltoid muscles

Answer 24

axillary nerve

Question 25

- arise from ventral rami of thoracic spinal nerves | - course laterally and anteriorly along costal groove of each rib

Answer 25

intercostal nerves

Question 26

- arises from cervical plexus and found within the neck | - innervates the diaphragm

Answer 26

phrenic nerves

Question 27

consists of the ventral rami of T12-L4

Answer 27

lumbar plexus

Question 28

- along posterior abdominal and pelvic wall | - innervate the muscles of the anterior thigh

Answer 28

femoral nerve

Question 29

- along the posterior pelvic wall | - innervates muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh

Answer 29

obturator nerve

Question 30

consists of the ventral rami L4-S4

Answer 30

sacral plexus

Question 31

- between gluteus medius and piriformis | - innervates the muscles of the lateral hip

Answer 31

superior gluteal nerve

Question 32

- inferior to piriformis | - innervates gluteus maximus

Answer 32

inferior gluteal nerve

Question 33

- largest peripheral nerve - peers from under piriformis - innervates muscles of posterior thigh - breaks off into tibial nerve and common fibular nerve

Answer 33

sciatic nerve

Question 34

- branch of sciatic nerve - continues distally down midline of posterior knee and lower leg - innervates posterior part of lower leg

Answer 34

tibial nerve

Question 35

- goes laterally around the knee and deep to the fibularis longus muscle - innervates posterolateral part of lower leg

Answer 35

common fibular nerve

Question 36

- branch of common fibular nerve - innervates lateral compartment of lower leg - medial to fibularis longus

Answer 36

superficial fibular nerve

Question 37

- branch of common fibular nerve - innervates anterior compartment of lower leg - lateral to tibialis anterior

Answer 37

deep fibular nerve

Question 38

- cranial nerve I - most anterior nerve and inferior side of brain - extends toward anterior tip of brain and contains dilated end (olfactory bulb)

Answer 38

olfactory nerve ****

Question 39

- cranial nerve II - emerges from posterior side of the eyeball and courses toward midline of the brain - just posterior to CN I

Answer 39

optic nerve ****

Question 40

- where the two optic nerves merge along the midline | - location where some visual inputs will cross to the opposite side of the cerebrum

Answer 40

optic chiasm ****

Question 41

- cranial nerve III - enters the orbit via the superior orbital fissure - innervates muscles that enable most movements of the eye and that raise the eyelid

Answer 41

occulomotor nerve

Question 42

- cranial nerve IV | - motor nerve that innervates the superior oblique muscle of the eye

Answer 42

trochlear nerve

Question 43

- cranial nerve V - emerges from the pons - has a large ganglion

Answer 43

trigeminal nerve

Question 44

- cranial nerve VI | - controls the movement of the lateral rectus muscle, responsible for outward gaze

Answer 44

abducent nerve

Question 45

- cranial nerve VII - lateral side of the face - has 5 branches that innervate muscles of facial expression

Answer 45

facial nerve ****

Question 46

- cranial nerve VIII | - transmits sound and equilibrium (balance) information from the inner ear to the brain

Answer 46

vestibulochochlear nerve

Question 47

- cranial nerve IX | - exits the brainstem out from the sides of the upper medulla, just rostral (closer to the nose) to the vagus nerve

Answer 47

glossopharyngeal nerve

Question 48

- cranial nerve X - emerges from medulla - can be identified in the neck, thoracic, and abdominal cavities - next to common carotid artery and internal jugular vein

Answer 48

vagus nerve ****

Question 49

- cranial nerve XI | - innervates sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles

Answer 49

accessory nerve ****

Question 50

- cranial nerve XII - more superior in the neck, just deep to the mandible - innervates muscles of the tongue

Answer 50

hypoglossal nerve ****