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Anatomy Lab > Lab 5 - Muscles of the Extremities > Flashcards

Lab 5 - Muscles of the Extremities Flashcards

1
Q

what are the muscles of the anterior and posterior upper arm?

A
  • deltoid
  • coracobrachialis
  • biceps brachii
  • brachialis
  • triceps brachii
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2
Q
  • tear drop shaped muscle covering the shoulder
  • main action is the abduction of the arm
  • anterior - flexion and medial rotation
  • posterior-extension and lateral rotation
  • inserts: deltoid tuberosity of humerus
  • axillary nerve
A

deltoid

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3
Q
  • most superior muscle in the anterior compartment of the arm
  • smaller muscle coursing at an angle
  • flexion and adduction of the arm
  • in the armpit
  • musculocutaneous nerve
A

coracobrachialis

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4
Q
  • spans the entire length of the upper arm in the anterior compartment
  • contains a long head and a short head that cross the shoulder joint
  • flexion of the arm and elbow and supination of the forearm
  • inserts: radial tuberosity of radius
  • musculocutaneous nerve
A

biceps brachii

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5
Q
  • deep to the biceps brachii in the anterior compartment of the arm, originating halfway down humeral shaft
  • flexion of elbow
  • musculocutaneous nerve
A

brachialis

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6
Q
  • in the posterior compartment of the upper arm
  • the larger muscle coursing the entire length of the posterior arm
  • has 3 heads
  • extension of the arm and elbow
  • inserts: olecranon process of the ulna
  • radial nerve
A

triceps brachii

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7
Q
  • smaller muscle that courses around the lateral side of the humerus and crosses the elbow joint anteriorly
  • places the forearm in the “hitchhikers position”
  • flexion of the elbow, supination of the forearm, pronation of the forearm
  • inserts: styloid process of radius
  • radial nerve
A

brachioradialis

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8
Q

what are the muscles of the anterior forearm?

A
  • brachioradialis
  • pronator teres
  • flexor carpi radialis
  • flexor carpi ulnaris
  • flexor digitorum superficialis
  • flexor digitorum profundus
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9
Q
  • located in anterior compartment of the forearm
  • most lateral in the anterior forearm and superficial
  • pronation of the forearm
  • median nerve
A

pronator teres

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10
Q
  • the most lateral muscle in anterior forearm that extends distally beyond the wrist
  • superficial
  • flexion and abduction of the wrist
  • median nerve
A

flexor carpi radialis

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11
Q
  • the most medial muscle of anterior forearm that extends distally beyond the wrist
  • flexion and adduction of the wrist
  • ulnar nerve
A

flexor carpi ulnaris

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12
Q
  • found between the flexor carpi radialis and the flexor carpi ulnaris along the midline
  • flexion of fingers and wrist
  • median nerve
A

flexor digitorum superficialis

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13
Q
  • lies along the midline of the anterior forearm and is deep to the flexor digitorum superficialis
  • flexion of fingers and wrist
  • median and ulnar nerves
A

flexor digitorum profundus

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14
Q

what are the muscles of the posterior forearm and hand?

A
  • supinator
  • extensor carpi radialis longus
  • extensor carpi radialis brevis
  • extensor carpi ulnaris
  • extensor digitorum
  • thenar compartment
  • hypothenar compartment
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15
Q
  • most lateral muscle in posterior forearm
  • superficial to extensor carpi radialis brevis
  • extension and abduction of the wrist
  • radial nerve
A

extensor carpi radialis longus

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16
Q
  • supinate forearm
  • radial nerve
  • in a deeper compartment between the proximal parts of extensor carpi radialis and the extensor digitorum
A

supinator

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17
Q
  • most lateral in posterior forearm
  • deep to extensor carpi radialis longus
  • extension and abduction of wrist
  • radial nerve
A

extensor carpi radialis brevis

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18
Q
  • the most medial muscle in the superficial part of the posterior forearm
  • extension and adduction of the wrist
  • radial nerve
A

extensor carpi ulnaris

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19
Q
  • between the extensor carpi radialis and extensor carpi ulnaris
  • extension of the fingers and the wrist
  • radial nerve
A

extensor digitorum

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20
Q
  • flexion, abduction, adduction, and opposition of the thumb
  • median and ulnar nerves
  • located at the base of the thumb on the anterior side of the palm
A

thenar compartment

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21
Q
  • flexion, abduction, and opposition of the 5th digit
  • ulnar nerve
  • located at the base of the pinky finger on the anterior side of the palm
A

hypothenar compartment

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22
Q

what are the muscles of the gluteal region?

A
  • gluteus maximus
  • gluteus medius
  • gluteus minimus
  • tensor fasciae latae
  • piriformis
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23
Q
  • most superficial muscle in the gluteal region
  • very large, spanning the entire region, from sacrum to femur
  • extension and lateral rotation of hip
  • insertion: gluteal tuberosity of femur
  • inferior gluteal nerve
A

gluteus maximus

24
Q
  • deep to the gluteus maximus, in the superior aspect of the gluteal region
  • abduction and medial rotation of hip
  • superior gluteal nerve
A

gluteus medius

25
Q
  • smaller muscle deep to the gluteus medius
  • abduction and medial rotation of the hip
  • superior gluteal nerve
A

gluteus minimus

26
Q
  • located just inferior and medial to the gluteus medius
  • sciatic nerve comes out by it
  • lateral rotation of the hip
  • nerve to piriformis
A

piriformis

27
Q
  • lateral compartment muscle of the hip
  • continues into IT band
  • inserts: IT band to Gerdy’s tubercle of tibia
  • superior gluteal nerve
A

tensor fasciae latae

28
Q

what are the muscles of the posterior thigh (hamstrings)?

A
  • biceps femoris
  • semimembranosus
  • semitendinosus
29
Q
  • muscle of the posterior thigh
  • a large, two-headed muscle that will course inferiorly and insert on the head of the fibula
  • extension and lateral rotation of hip
  • flexion of knee
  • sciatic nerve
A

biceps femoris

30
Q
  • muscle of posterior thigh
  • a wider muscle whose superficial tendon covers the width of the muscle fibers and is thinner, more membrane-like
  • extension and medial rotation of hip
  • flexion of knee
  • sciatic nerve
A

semimembranosus

31
Q
  • has a longer and thicker tendon that emerges from the distal end of the muscle fibers
  • extension and medial rotation of hip
  • flexion of knee
  • muscle of posterior thigh
  • sciatic nerve
A

semitendinosus

32
Q

what are the muscles of the anterior thigh?

A
  • iliopsoas
  • pectineus
  • rectus femoris
  • vastus lateralis
  • vastus medialis
  • vastus intermedius
  • sartorius
33
Q
  • located on the lateral side of the floor of the femoral triangle
  • formed by merging of iliacus, psoas major and minor
  • flexion of hip
  • femoral nerve
  • anterior thigh
A

iliopsoas

34
Q
  • located on the medial side of the floor of the femoral triangle
  • courses at an angle
  • flexion and adduction of the hip
  • femoral nerve
  • anterior thigh
A

pectineus

35
Q

what are the four quadriceps muscles of anterior thigh?

A
  • rectus femoris
  • vastus lateralis
  • vastus medialis
  • vastus intermedius
36
Q
  • located along midline of the thigh and is a straight musle
  • crosses the anterior hip
  • flexion of hip
  • extension of knee
  • inserts: tibial tuberosity of tibia
  • femoral nerve
  • anterior thigh
A

rectus femoris

37
Q
  • located medial to the rectus femoris
  • extension of knee
  • inserts: tibial tuberosity of tibia
  • femoral nerve
  • anterior thigh
A

vastus medialis

38
Q
  • located lateral to the rectus femoris
  • extension of knee
  • inserts: tibial tuberosity of tibia
  • femoral nerve
  • anterior thigh
A

vastus lateralis

39
Q
  • located deep to the rectus femoris along the midline of the thigh
  • extension of knee
  • inserts: tibial tuberosity of tibia
  • femoral nerve
  • anterior thigh
A

vastus intermedius

40
Q
  • longest muscle in the body
  • thin muscle that will course at an angle across the entire anterior thigh
  • flexion and lateral rotation of hip
  • flexion of knee
  • femoral nerve
  • anterior thigh
A

sartorius

41
Q

what are the muscles of the medial thigh?

A
  • adductor brevis
  • adductor longus
  • adductor magnus
  • gracilis
42
Q
  • most superficial of the adductor muscles
  • adduction of hip
  • obturator nerver
  • medial thigh
A

adductor longus

43
Q
  • deep to adductor longus and located more proximally/superiorly
  • adduction of hip
  • obturator nerve
  • medial thigh
A

adductor brevis

44
Q
  • deep to adductor longus and located mroe distally/inferiorly
  • adduction of hip
  • obturator nerve
  • much larger in size than other adductors
  • medial thigh
A

adductor magnus

45
Q
  • most medial muscle in the medial thigh
  • thin and long, coursing the entire length of the medial thigh
  • adduction and medial rotation of the hip
  • flexion of the knee
  • obturator nerve
  • medial thigh
A

gracilis

46
Q

what are the muscles of the posterior lower leg?

A
  • gastrocnemius
  • soleus
  • tibialis posterior
  • flexor digitorum longus
  • flexor hallucis longus
47
Q
  • large, two headed muscle
  • most superficial of the two muscles that form the achilles tendon
  • crosses knee joint posteriorly
  • flexion of knee
  • plantarflexion of ankle
  • inserts: posterior calcaneous
  • tibial nerve
  • posterior lower leg
A

gastrocnemius

48
Q
  • deep to gastrocnemius
  • looks like a fish
  • has a large, membrane like tendon covering the majority of the muscle fibers
  • plantarflexion of the ankle
  • inserts: posterior calcaneus
  • tibial nerve
  • posterior lower leg
A

soleus

49
Q
  • deep to soleus along the midline, between two other muscles
  • plantarflexion and inversion of the ankle
  • tibial nerve
  • posterior lower leg
A

tibialis posterior

50
Q
  • located on the medial side of the deep group in the lower leg, next to tibialis posterior
  • will wrap around medial malleolus
  • plantarflexion of ankle
  • flexion of toes
  • tibial nerve
  • posterior lower leg
A

flexor digitorum longus

51
Q
  • muscle located most laterally within the deep group of the lower leg, next to tibilias posterior
  • wraps around medial malleolus
  • plantarflexion of ankle
  • flex digit 1
  • tibial nerve
  • goes to big toe
  • posterior lower leg
A

flexor hallucis longus

52
Q

what are the two muscles of the lateral compartment of the lower leg?

A
  • fibularis longus

- fibularis brevis

53
Q
  • most superficial of lateral lower leg muscles
  • longer muscle
  • eversion and plantarflexion of ankle
  • superificial fibular nerve
A

fibularis longus

54
Q
  • deep to fibularis longus
  • lateral lower leg muscle
  • shorter
  • eversion and plantarflexion of ankle
  • superficial fibular nerve
A

fibularis brevis

55
Q
  • lateral to the tibial shaft
  • in the anterior lower leg compartment
  • dorsiflexion of ankle
  • deep fibular nerve
A

tibialis anterior

56
Q
  • smaller muscle lateral to tibialis anterior
  • more distal in the lower leg
  • dorsiflexion of ankle
  • extension of digit 1
  • goes to big toe
  • deep fibular nerve
A

extensor hallucis longus

57
Q
  • dorsiflexion of ankle
  • extension of toes
  • deep fibular nerve
  • lateral to the tibialis anterior more proximally
  • lateral to extensor hallucis longus distally
A

extensor digitorum longus

Anatomy Lab (13 decks)

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