Lab 5 - Muscles of the Extremities Flashcards
1
Q
what are the muscles of the anterior and posterior upper arm?
A
- deltoid
- coracobrachialis
- biceps brachii
- brachialis
- triceps brachii
2
Q
- tear drop shaped muscle covering the shoulder
- main action is the abduction of the arm
- anterior - flexion and medial rotation
- posterior-extension and lateral rotation
- inserts: deltoid tuberosity of humerus
- axillary nerve
A
deltoid
3
Q
- most superior muscle in the anterior compartment of the arm
- smaller muscle coursing at an angle
- flexion and adduction of the arm
- in the armpit
- musculocutaneous nerve
A
coracobrachialis
4
Q
- spans the entire length of the upper arm in the anterior compartment
- contains a long head and a short head that cross the shoulder joint
- flexion of the arm and elbow and supination of the forearm
- inserts: radial tuberosity of radius
- musculocutaneous nerve
A
biceps brachii
5
Q
- deep to the biceps brachii in the anterior compartment of the arm, originating halfway down humeral shaft
- flexion of elbow
- musculocutaneous nerve
A
brachialis
6
Q
- in the posterior compartment of the upper arm
- the larger muscle coursing the entire length of the posterior arm
- has 3 heads
- extension of the arm and elbow
- inserts: olecranon process of the ulna
- radial nerve
A
triceps brachii
7
Q
- smaller muscle that courses around the lateral side of the humerus and crosses the elbow joint anteriorly
- places the forearm in the “hitchhikers position”
- flexion of the elbow, supination of the forearm, pronation of the forearm
- inserts: styloid process of radius
- radial nerve
A
brachioradialis
8
Q
what are the muscles of the anterior forearm?
A
- brachioradialis
- pronator teres
- flexor carpi radialis
- flexor carpi ulnaris
- flexor digitorum superficialis
- flexor digitorum profundus
9
Q
- located in anterior compartment of the forearm
- most lateral in the anterior forearm and superficial
- pronation of the forearm
- median nerve
A
pronator teres
10
Q
- the most lateral muscle in anterior forearm that extends distally beyond the wrist
- superficial
- flexion and abduction of the wrist
- median nerve
A
flexor carpi radialis
11
Q
- the most medial muscle of anterior forearm that extends distally beyond the wrist
- flexion and adduction of the wrist
- ulnar nerve
A
flexor carpi ulnaris
12
Q
- found between the flexor carpi radialis and the flexor carpi ulnaris along the midline
- flexion of fingers and wrist
- median nerve
A
flexor digitorum superficialis
13
Q
- lies along the midline of the anterior forearm and is deep to the flexor digitorum superficialis
- flexion of fingers and wrist
- median and ulnar nerves
A
flexor digitorum profundus
14
Q
what are the muscles of the posterior forearm and hand?
A
- supinator
- extensor carpi radialis longus
- extensor carpi radialis brevis
- extensor carpi ulnaris
- extensor digitorum
- thenar compartment
- hypothenar compartment
15
Q
- most lateral muscle in posterior forearm
- superficial to extensor carpi radialis brevis
- extension and abduction of the wrist
- radial nerve
A
extensor carpi radialis longus
16
Q
- supinate forearm
- radial nerve
- in a deeper compartment between the proximal parts of extensor carpi radialis and the extensor digitorum
A
supinator
17
Q
- most lateral in posterior forearm
- deep to extensor carpi radialis longus
- extension and abduction of wrist
- radial nerve
A
extensor carpi radialis brevis
18
Q
- the most medial muscle in the superficial part of the posterior forearm
- extension and adduction of the wrist
- radial nerve
A
extensor carpi ulnaris
19
Q
- between the extensor carpi radialis and extensor carpi ulnaris
- extension of the fingers and the wrist
- radial nerve
A
extensor digitorum
20
Q
- flexion, abduction, adduction, and opposition of the thumb
- median and ulnar nerves
- located at the base of the thumb on the anterior side of the palm
A
thenar compartment
21
Q
- flexion, abduction, and opposition of the 5th digit
- ulnar nerve
- located at the base of the pinky finger on the anterior side of the palm
A
hypothenar compartment
22
Q
what are the muscles of the gluteal region?
A
- gluteus maximus
- gluteus medius
- gluteus minimus
- tensor fasciae latae
- piriformis
23
Q
- most superficial muscle in the gluteal region
- very large, spanning the entire region, from sacrum to femur
- extension and lateral rotation of hip
- insertion: gluteal tuberosity of femur
- inferior gluteal nerve
A
gluteus maximus
24
Q
- deep to the gluteus maximus, in the superior aspect of the gluteal region
- abduction and medial rotation of hip
- superior gluteal nerve
A
gluteus medius
25
- smaller muscle deep to the gluteus medius
- abduction and medial rotation of the hip
- superior gluteal nerve
gluteus minimus
26
- located just inferior and medial to the gluteus medius
- sciatic nerve comes out by it
- lateral rotation of the hip
- nerve to piriformis
piriformis
27
- lateral compartment muscle of the hip
- continues into IT band
- inserts: IT band to Gerdy's tubercle of tibia
- superior gluteal nerve
tensor fasciae latae
28
what are the muscles of the posterior thigh (hamstrings)?
- biceps femoris
- semimembranosus
- semitendinosus
29
- muscle of the posterior thigh
- a large, two-headed muscle that will course inferiorly and insert on the head of the fibula
- extension and lateral rotation of hip
- flexion of knee
- sciatic nerve
biceps femoris
30
- muscle of posterior thigh
- a wider muscle whose superficial tendon covers the width of the muscle fibers and is thinner, more membrane-like
- extension and medial rotation of hip
- flexion of knee
- sciatic nerve
semimembranosus
31
- has a longer and thicker tendon that emerges from the distal end of the muscle fibers
- extension and medial rotation of hip
- flexion of knee
- muscle of posterior thigh
- sciatic nerve
semitendinosus
32
what are the muscles of the anterior thigh?
- iliopsoas
- pectineus
- rectus femoris
- vastus lateralis
- vastus medialis
- vastus intermedius
- sartorius
33
- located on the lateral side of the floor of the femoral triangle
- formed by merging of iliacus, psoas major and minor
- flexion of hip
- femoral nerve
- anterior thigh
iliopsoas
34
- located on the medial side of the floor of the femoral triangle
- courses at an angle
- flexion and adduction of the hip
- femoral nerve
- anterior thigh
pectineus
35
what are the four quadriceps muscles of anterior thigh?
- rectus femoris
- vastus lateralis
- vastus medialis
- vastus intermedius
36
- located along midline of the thigh and is a straight musle
- crosses the anterior hip
- flexion of hip
- extension of knee
- inserts: tibial tuberosity of tibia
- femoral nerve
- anterior thigh
rectus femoris
37
- located medial to the rectus femoris
- extension of knee
- inserts: tibial tuberosity of tibia
- femoral nerve
- anterior thigh
vastus medialis
38
- located lateral to the rectus femoris
- extension of knee
- inserts: tibial tuberosity of tibia
- femoral nerve
- anterior thigh
vastus lateralis
39
- located deep to the rectus femoris along the midline of the thigh
- extension of knee
- inserts: tibial tuberosity of tibia
- femoral nerve
- anterior thigh
vastus intermedius
40
- longest muscle in the body
- thin muscle that will course at an angle across the entire anterior thigh
- flexion and lateral rotation of hip
- flexion of knee
- femoral nerve
- anterior thigh
sartorius
41
what are the muscles of the medial thigh?
- adductor brevis
- adductor longus
- adductor magnus
- gracilis
42
- most superficial of the adductor muscles
- adduction of hip
- obturator nerver
- medial thigh
adductor longus
43
- deep to adductor longus and located more proximally/superiorly
- adduction of hip
- obturator nerve
- medial thigh
adductor brevis
44
- deep to adductor longus and located mroe distally/inferiorly
- adduction of hip
- obturator nerve
- much larger in size than other adductors
- medial thigh
adductor magnus
45
- most medial muscle in the medial thigh
- thin and long, coursing the entire length of the medial thigh
- adduction and medial rotation of the hip
- flexion of the knee
- obturator nerve
- medial thigh
gracilis
46
what are the muscles of the posterior lower leg?
- gastrocnemius
- soleus
- tibialis posterior
- flexor digitorum longus
- flexor hallucis longus
47
- large, two headed muscle
- most superficial of the two muscles that form the achilles tendon
- crosses knee joint posteriorly
- flexion of knee
- plantarflexion of ankle
- inserts: posterior calcaneous
- tibial nerve
- posterior lower leg
gastrocnemius
48
- deep to gastrocnemius
- looks like a fish
- has a large, membrane like tendon covering the majority of the muscle fibers
- plantarflexion of the ankle
- inserts: posterior calcaneus
- tibial nerve
- posterior lower leg
soleus
49
- deep to soleus along the midline, between two other muscles
- plantarflexion and inversion of the ankle
- tibial nerve
- posterior lower leg
tibialis posterior
50
- located on the medial side of the deep group in the lower leg, next to tibialis posterior
- will wrap around medial malleolus
- plantarflexion of ankle
- flexion of toes
- tibial nerve
- posterior lower leg
flexor digitorum longus
51
- muscle located most laterally within the deep group of the lower leg, next to tibilias posterior
- wraps around medial malleolus
- plantarflexion of ankle
- flex digit 1
- tibial nerve
- goes to big toe
- posterior lower leg
flexor hallucis longus
52
what are the two muscles of the lateral compartment of the lower leg?
- fibularis longus
| - fibularis brevis
53
- most superficial of lateral lower leg muscles
- longer muscle
- eversion and plantarflexion of ankle
- superificial fibular nerve
fibularis longus
54
- deep to fibularis longus
- lateral lower leg muscle
- shorter
- eversion and plantarflexion of ankle
- superficial fibular nerve
fibularis brevis
55
- lateral to the tibial shaft
- in the anterior lower leg compartment
- dorsiflexion of ankle
- deep fibular nerve
tibialis anterior
56
- smaller muscle lateral to tibialis anterior
- more distal in the lower leg
- dorsiflexion of ankle
- extension of digit 1
- goes to big toe
- deep fibular nerve
extensor hallucis longus
57
- dorsiflexion of ankle
- extension of toes
- deep fibular nerve
- lateral to the tibialis anterior more proximally
- lateral to extensor hallucis longus distally
extensor digitorum longus
