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Anatomy Lab > Chapter 8: Endocrine & Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Chapter 8: Endocrine & Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q
  • part of diencephalon

- anterior and inferior to thalamus

A

hypothalamus

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2
Q

acts as a connecting stalk o physically attach the pituitary gland to the brain

A

infundibulum

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3
Q

very small pea shaped gland attached to the inferior side of the hypothalamus by way of the infundibulum

A

pituitary gland

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4
Q
  • very small gland within the epithalamus

- located off the posterior tip of the thalamus

A

pineal gland

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5
Q
  • found in the anterior side of the neck along the midline
  • just inferior to the voicebox in the throat
  • butterfly shaped and composed of two lobes
A

thyroid gland

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6
Q

four small, round glands located on the posterior side of the thyroid gland

A

parathyroid glands

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7
Q
  • located superior and medial to the kidneys

- triangular shaped

A

adrenal glands

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8
Q
  • found along the midline of the abdominal cavity
  • deep to the stomach
  • yellowish
  • an exocrine and an endocrine gland
A

pancreas

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9
Q
  • develop along posterior wall inside the abdominal cavity and then descend
  • course through inguinal canal
  • found in the scrotum
A

testes

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10
Q
  • located laterally within the pelvic cavity
  • the size of a dime and slightly bumpy
  • anchored to the posterior and lateral pelvic walls
A

ovaries

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11
Q

-thick membranous structure that separates the pericardial cavity from the other structures in the thoracic cavity

A

pericardium

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12
Q
  • thick fibrous connective tissue layer

- most superficial layer of pericardium

A

fibrous pericardium

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13
Q

deep to fibrous pericardium

A

parietal serous pericardium

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14
Q
  • firmly adhered to the outside of the heart

- “epicardium”

A

visceral serous pericardium

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15
Q
  • attached to the outside of the right atrium
  • hardened extension of the right atrium
  • ear-like structure on the anterior and lateral side
A

right auricle

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16
Q

hardened ear-like extension from the anterior and lateral wall of the left atrium

A

left auricle

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17
Q
  • superior and right end of the heart

- receives deoxygenated blood from the body through the superior and inferior vena cava

A

right atrium

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18
Q
  • upraised, thicker bands of cardiac muscle tissue

- found in the right atrium

A

pectinate muscles

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19
Q

dime sized indent in the medial wall of the right atrium

A

fossa ovalis

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20
Q
  • enters the superior end of the right atrium

- brings deoxygenated blood to the right atrium from the superior part of the body

A

superior vena cava

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21
Q
  • enters the inferior end of the right atrium

- brings deoxygenated blood to the right atrium from the inferior portion of the body

A

inferior vena cava

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22
Q
  • medium sized vein, coursing transversely between the left atrium and left ventricle
  • brings deoxygenated blood to the right atrium from the heart
  • posterior side of the heart
A

coronary sinus

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23
Q
  • superior and left side of the heart

- has 4 pulmonary veins going into it from the posterior side

A

left atrium

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24
Q
  • four veins located on the posterior wall of the left atrium
  • bring oxygenated blood from the lungs in to the left atrium
A

pulmonary veins

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25
Q
  • located at the inferior and right end of the heart

- pulmonary trunk exits it

A

right ventricle

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26
Q
  • column like structures of cardiac muscle tissue found along the inside wall
  • in both the right and left ventricles
  • meat columns
A

trabeculae carnae

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27
Q
  • at the superior end and medial side of the right ventricle
  • carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs from the right ventricle
A

pulmonary trunk

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28
Q
  • at the inferior end of the heart on the left side
  • pumps oxygenated blood to the body
  • very msucular
A

left ventricle

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29
Q
  • at the superior end on the medial side of the left ventricle
  • opening is located directly posterior to the opening of the pulmonary trunk
  • major vessel that carries oxygenated blood to the body from the left ventricle
A

aorta

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30
Q
  • two on the right and left side
  • split from the pulmonary trunk
  • carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs
A

pulmonary arteries

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31
Q
  • emerges from the right side of the aorta

- courses inferiorly between the right atrium and right ventricle

A

right coronary atery

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32
Q

first branch of the right coronary artery that courses along the inferior margin of the heart on the right side toward the apex of the heart

A

marginal branch

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33
Q

terminal branch of the right coronary artery that courses inferiorly between the right and left ventricles on the posterior side

A

posterior interventricular artery

34
Q
  • emerges from the left side of the aorta

- courses between the left atrium and pulmonary trunk

A

left coronary artery

35
Q
  • branch of the left coronary artery

- courses inferiorly down the anterior side of the heart, between the ventricles

A

anterior ventricular artery

36
Q
  • comes off the left coronary artery at the same place as the anterior ventricular
  • courses between the left artrium and left ventricle
A

circumflex branch of left coronary

37
Q
  • first branch off the aortic arch
  • courses superiorly to the level of the top of the sternum where it splits into the right common carotid and the right subclavian
A

brachiocephalic trunk

38
Q

second branch off of the arch of the aorta

A

left common carotid

39
Q

last branch off the arch of the aorta

A

left subclavian

40
Q

what are the 3 branches of the aorta?

A
  • brachiocephalic trunk
  • left common carotid
  • left subclavian
41
Q
  • go superiorly up the neck

- large artery that courses with the vagus nerve

A

common carotid arteries

42
Q
  • branch off common carotid
  • course superiorly (more deep) to supply the brain tissue
  • more lateral
A

internal carotid arteries

43
Q
  • branch off common carotid
  • stay close to the skull and supply facial features
  • more medial
A

external carotid arteries

44
Q
  • course laterally toward upper extremities

- just deep to and along the inferior edge of the clavicles

A

subclavian arteries

45
Q
  • 1st branch off the subclavian
  • goes through the transverse foramen of the cervical vertebrae and foramen magnum
  • form basilar artery
A

vertebral arteries

46
Q
  • 2nd branch off subclavian

- goes inferiorly into the thoracic cavity and courses deep to anterior thoracic wall alongside the sternum

A

internal thoracic arteries

47
Q
  • found in the upper thoracic region
  • receive blood from the veins in the upper extremity
  • come from axillary region
A

subclavian veins

48
Q
  • large veins in the neck with the vagus nerve

- receive blood from the veins in the head and neck

A

internal jugular veins

49
Q
  • medial to the sternal end of the clavicles

- formed by the subclavian and jugular veins

A

brachiocephalic veins

50
Q
  • formed by the merging of the brachiocephalic veins

- carry deoxygenated blood into the right atrium

A

superior vena cava

51
Q
  • formed by the merging of the veins below the diaphragm

- carry blood into right atrium

A

inferior vena cava

52
Q

formed by the subclavian once it passes under the clavicle

A

axillary arteries

53
Q
  • 3rd branch off the axillary artery

- courses superficial to the serratus anterior with the long thoracic nerve

A

lateral thoracic artery

54
Q
  • 4th branch off the axillary artery

- branches inferiorly and just anterior to the subscapularis muscle

A

subscapular artery

55
Q
  • branch off the subscapular artery

- courses laterally around the scapula to the posterior side near the infraspinous fossa

A

circumflex scapular artery

56
Q
  • branch off the subscapular artery

- courses with the thoracodorsal nerve into the deep surface of the latissimus dorsi

A

thoracodorsal artery

57
Q

-continuation of the axillary artery distally down the upper extremity into the forearm

A

brachial artery

58
Q
  • 1st branch of brachial artery
  • courses posterior to the humerus
  • found with the radial nerve between the triceps
A

deep brachial artery

59
Q
  • continuation of the brachial artery that courses more anteriorly/superficially along the lateral side of the forearm
  • deep to brachioradialis
A

radial artery

60
Q
  • continuation of brachial artery that courses deep to the muscles in the anterior forearm
  • continues along the surface of the ulna and emerges from under the flexor compartment at the distal end of the forearm
A

ulnar artery

61
Q
  • valve at the exit of the right atrium
  • makes up inferior border of right atrium
  • between the right atrium and right ventricle
A

right AV valve (tricuspid)

62
Q
  • valve at the exit of the left atrium

- between the left atrium and left ventricle

A

left AV valve (bicuspid)

63
Q
  • cord like structures attached to the cusps of the valves
  • course inferiorly
  • “strings”
A

chordae tendinae

64
Q
  • extend as nipple like structures protruding superiorly out of the ventricular walls
  • attach to chordae tendinae
A

papillary muscles

65
Q
  • valve at the exit of the right ventricle

- between the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk

A

pulmonary semilunar valve

66
Q
  • valve at the exit of the left ventricle

- between left ventricle and the aorta

A

aortic semilunar valve

67
Q
  • course laterally and inferiorly along the anterior iliac fossa of the ileum
  • descending aorta splits into these
A

common iliac arteries

68
Q
  • branch off common iliac artery

- course inferiorly and deep to the inside of the pelvic cavity

A

internal iliac arteries

69
Q
  • branch off the internal iliac

- between the piriformis and the gluteus medius

A

superior gluteal artery

70
Q
  • branch off the internal iliac

- below piriformis

A

inferior gluteal artery

71
Q

continuation of common iliac as it courses along the arcuate line of the ileum toward the lower extremity

A

external iliac artery

72
Q
  • continuation of external iliac once it crosses deep to the ilioinguinal ligament
  • located within femoral triangle
A

femoral artery

73
Q
  • branch off the femoral artery
  • slightly lateral to the femoral artery
  • closer to the deep surface of the femur
A

deep femoral artery

74
Q

continuation of the femoral artery once it emerges on the posterior side of the thigh, just proximal to the knee

A

popliteal artery

75
Q
  • branch of popliteal artery

- just deep and lateral to tibialis anterior

A

anterior tibial artery

76
Q
  • branch of popliteal artery
  • continues distally along the posterior lower leg
  • goes around posterior side of medial malleolus
A

posterior tibial artery

77
Q
  • branch off the posterior tibial artery
  • courses deep to muscles in the posterior lower leg
  • along the lateral side
A

fibular artery

78
Q
  • lateral superficial vein
  • thumb side
  • courses along the lateral side of the forearm and lateral arm
  • continues between the deltoid and pectoralis major in the anterior axillary region
A

cephalic vein

79
Q
  • medial superficial vein

- courses up medial side of forearm and up the medial side of the arm where it merges with the brachial vein

A

basilic vein

80
Q
  • superficial vein
  • found across the anterior elbow
  • connects the cephalic vein with the basilic vein
  • used to draw blood
A

median cubital vein

81
Q
  • superficial vein
  • within the lower extremity
  • begins anterior to the medial malleolus, courses up the medial side of the lower leg and continues up the medial thigh
  • merges with the femoral vein
  • used in cardiac bypass
A

great saphenous vein

Anatomy Lab (13 decks)

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