Lab 4 - Muscles of Head, Neck, and Trunk

Question 1

• closes the eye
• circles the eye
• facial nerve CN VII
• superficial and extremely thin

Answer 1

orbicularis oculi

Question 2

• circular muscle
• purses lips
• circles mouth
• facial nerve CN VII

Answer 2

orbicularis oris

Question 3

• compresses the cheeks
• located on the lateral sides of the mouth
• courses from the corners of the mouth in the posterior directiton
• Facial Nerve CN VII

Answer 3

buccinator

Question 4

• elevates the mandible
• most superior muscle of mastication
• located on the temporal bone
• Trigeminal Nerve (CN V(

Answer 4

temporalis

Question 5

• elevates mandible
• located on the lateral/posterior cheek
• covers ramus of mandible
• trigeminal nerve (CN V)

Answer 5

masseter

Question 6

• both: flexion of neck
• alone: lateral flexion, contralateral rotation neck
• located on lateral side of the neck
• large, more superficial muscle
• insertion: mastoid process (temporal bone)
• spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)

Answer 6

sternocleidomastoid

Question 7

• both: flex neck and elevates ribcage
• alone: lateral flexion of neck
• deep to sternocleidomastoid
• 3 on each side of the neck

Answer 7

scalene muscles (anterior, middle, and posterior)

Question 8

what are the muscles of the head and anterior neck?

Answer 8

• orbicularis oculi
• orbicularis oris
• buccinator
• temporalis
• masseter
• sternocleidomastoid
• scalene (anterior, middle, posterior)

Question 9

what are the muscles of the eye?

Answer 9

• levator palpebrae superioris
• superior rectus
• inferior rectus
• lateral rectus
• medial rectus
• superior oblique
• inferior oblique

Question 10

• raises eyelid
• located superior to the eyeball
• directed anteriorly to the inferior edges of the upper eyelids
• occulomotor nerve (CN III)

Answer 10

levator palpebrae superioris

Question 11

• eye looks down

- occulomotor nerve (CN III)

Answer 11

inferior rectus

Question 12

• eye looks up
• inferior to the levator palpebrae superioris
• occulomotor nerve (CN III)

Answer 12

superior rectus

Question 13

• eye looks laterally
• origin: optic canal
• insertion: lateral surfaced (eyeball)
• abducens nerve (CN VI)

Answer 13

lateral rectus

Question 14

• eye looks medially
• origin: optic canal
• insertion: medial surface (eyeball)
• occulomotor nerve (CN III)

Answer 14

medial rectus

Question 15

• eye looks down and laterally
• located medial to the superior rectus muscle
• trochlear nerve (CN IV)

Answer 15

superior oblique

Question 16

• eye looks up and laterally
• courses transversely from medial to lateral across inferior margin of the orbit
• occulomotor nerve (CN III)

Answer 16

inferior oblique

Question 17

what are the muscles of the scapula?

Answer 17

• trapezius
• levator scapulae
• rhomboid major
• rhomboid minor
• supraspinatus
• infraspinatus
• teres minor
• subscapularis
• teres major

Question 18

• retract, elevate and depress scapula
• insertion: spine (scapula)
• most superficial muscle of the superior back
• large, triangular muscle
• spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)

Answer 18

trapezius

Question 19

• elevate scapula
• insertion: superior angle (scapula)
• along the medial border of the scapula

Answer 19

levator scapulae

Question 20

• retract scapula
• insertion: medial border (scapula)
• deep to trapezius
• form a rhomboid shape together

Answer 20

rhomboid major and minor

Question 21

• abduction of the arm
• insertion: greater tubercle (humerus)
• small muscle located in the supraspinous fossa of the scapula

Answer 21

supraspinatus

Question 22

• laterally rotate the arm
• insertion: greater tubercle (humerus)
• located within the infraspinous fossa

Answer 22

infraspinatus

Question 23

• laterally rotate the arm
• insertion: greater tubercle (humerus)
• small and more superior to teres major
• axillary nerve

Answer 23

teres minor

Question 24

• medially rotate arm
• insertion: lesser tubercle (humerus)
• located within the subscapular fossa of the scapula

Answer 24

subscapularis

Question 25

- extension, adduction, and medial rotation of arm | - insertion: lesser tubercle (humerus)

Answer 25

teres major

Question 26

what are the muscles of the back and the back of the neck?

Answer 26

- latissimus dorsi - splenius (capitis and cervicis) - semispinalis (capitis) - iliocostalis - longissimus - spinalis

Question 27

- extension, adduction, and medial rotation of arm - insertion: lesser tubercle (humerus) - located superficially in the lower back - covers entire lower back region - thoracodorsal nerve

Answer 27

latissimus dorsi

Question 28

- both: extension of head and neck - alone: lateral flexion - more superificial of the deep muscles of the posterior head/neck - deep to trapezius muscles - form a "V" shape

Answer 28

splenius (capitis and cervicis)

Question 29

- both: extension of head and neck - alone: extension, lateral flexion - located deep to the splenius muscles - course in more vertical direction

Answer 29

semispinalis (capitis)

Question 30

- extension of vertebral column - origin: iliac crest (ileum) - insertion: posterior ribs - adjacent to the longissimus

Answer 30

iliocostalis

Question 31

- both: extension of vertebral column - alone: lateral flexion - adjacent to the spinalis

Answer 31

longissimus

Question 32

- extension of vertebral column | - thin muscle located against the spine

Answer 32

spinalis

Question 33

what are the muscles of the anterior trunk?

Answer 33

- pectoralis major - pectoralis minor - serratus anterior - external intercostals - internal intercostals - rectus abdominis - external obliques - internal obliques - transversus abdominis

Question 34

- adduction and medial rotation of the arm - insertion: intertubercular groove - most superficial muscle in pectoral region - covers entire pectoral region

Answer 34

pectoralis major

Question 35

- protraction & depression of scapula - insertion: coracoid process (scapula) - located deep to pectoralis major

Answer 35

pectoralis minor

Question 36

- protraction of scapula - found on the lateral side of the ribcage - long thoracic nerve

Answer 36

serratus anterior

Question 37

- elevate ribcage - most superficial muscles between each set of ribs - like hands in pockets (course from superior to inferior in medial direction)

Answer 37

external intercostals

Question 38

- depress ribcage - deep to external intercostals - course from inferior to superior in medial direction

Answer 38

internal intercostals

Question 39

- flexion of vertebral column - compresses abdomen - located in abdomen - "6 pack"

Answer 39

rectus abdominis

Question 40

- flexion and contralateral rotation of vertebral column - on lateral sides of abdominal region - more superficial - course from superior to inferior in medial direction

Answer 40

external obliques

Question 41

- flexion and ipsilateral rotation of vertebral column - deep to external obliques - course from inferior to superior in medial direction

Answer 41

internal obliques

Question 42

- compresses abdomen - deep to internal obliques - courses directly horizontal from lateral abdomen to the midline

Answer 42

transversus abdominus