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Anatomy Lab > Chapter 9: Respiratory Sytem > Flashcards

Chapter 9: Respiratory Sytem Flashcards

1
Q

deep to the nose

A

nasal cavity

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2
Q
  • holes on the external surface of the nose that provide entrance into the nasal cavity
  • nostrils
A

external nares

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3
Q
  • a mass of bone, cartilage and soft tissue that splits the nasal cavity into right and left sides
  • along the midline
A

nasal septum

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4
Q

extensions of the lateral walls of the nasal cavity

-made of bone, cartilage, and soft tissue

A

nasal conchae

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5
Q

in the lateral wall, deep to the middle nasal conchae

A

opening to maxillary sinuses

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6
Q

deep to the inferior nasal conchae

A

opening to the nasolacrimal duct

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7
Q
  • throat

- extends superiorly up to sphenoid bone and inferiorly down to the split between the airway and the digestive tract

A

pharynx

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8
Q
  • posterior to the nasal cavity

- extends from the sphenoid bone down to the level of the soft palate

A

nasopharynx

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9
Q

small mass of lymphoid tissue located the the superior and posterior corner of the pharynx

A

pharyngeal tonsil (adenoid)

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10
Q

tubular passageway that connects the pharynx with the middle ear

A

pharyngotympanic tube (auditory tube)

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11
Q
  • posterior to the oral cavity

- extends from the level of the soft palate down to the top of the epiglottis

A

oropharynx

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12
Q

composed of skeletal muscle tissue and is posterior to hard palate

A

soft palate

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13
Q

posterior and inferior extension of the soft palate

A

uvula

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14
Q

along the lateral walls of the oropharynx just lateral to the uvula

A

palatine tonsils

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15
Q
  • at the most posterior base of the tongue

- an upraised bump on the back surface of the tongue

A

lingual tonsil

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16
Q
  • posterior to the larynx

- extends from the level of the epiglottis down to split between the esophagus and larynx

A

laryngopharynx

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17
Q
  • cartilaginous attachment of the larynx that extends superiorly and posteriorly into the laryngopharynx
  • closes off the airway during swallowing
  • tongue shaped cartilage
A

epiglottis

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18
Q
  • first region of lower respiratory tract
  • anterior to the laryngopharynx in the neck
  • voicebox
A

larynx

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19
Q
  • most superior and largest of cartilages in the airway

- inferior to the hyoid

A

thyroid cartilage

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20
Q
  • inferior to thyroid cartilage

- smaller than thyroid cartilage

A

cricoid cartilage

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21
Q
  • vocal folds
  • mcucous membrane covering the vocal ligaments
  • more inferior and medial
  • produce sound
A

true vocal folds

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22
Q
  • vestibular folds
  • more superiorly and laterally
  • mucous membrane covering the vestibular ligaments
A

false vocal fodls

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23
Q
  • inferior continuation of airway

- tubular structure lined with C-shaped cartilage rings

A

trachea

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24
Q

smooth muscle on posterior wall of trachea

A

trachealis

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25
- located inside the trachea at the center of its bifurcation - cluster of receptor cells that stimulate cough reflex
carina
26
branch from trachea and enter into lungs
primary bronchi
27
branch from primary bronchi
secondary bronchi
28
branch from secondary bronchi
tertiary bronchi
29
- branch from tertiary bronchi - no cartilage - smooth muscle
bronchioles
30
- tiny air sacs within the lung tissue | - small clusters of circular air sacs
alveoli
31
- its apex is located superiorly at the top of the thoracic cavity - wider base is located inferiorly
lungs
32
includes the superior apex
superior lobe of lungs
33
includes the inferior base
inferior lobe of lungs
34
- on the right lung only | - between the superior and inferior lobes on the anterior side
middle lobe of lungs
35
grooves separating the lobes of the lungs
fissures
36
separates the superior lobes of the lung form the inferior lobes
oblique fissure
37
- right lung only - separates the superior lobe from the middle lobe - course from anterior toward posterior side to meet with the oblique fissure
horizontal fissure
38
region of the lungs where blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics will enter/exit
hilum
39
- 1 in each lung - most superior opening in the left lung - anterior to the primary bronchus
pulmonary arteries
40
- 2 in each lung | - anterior and inferior to primary bronchus
pulmonary veins
41
- thicker than the other pulmonary vessels - inferior to the pulmonary artery on the posterior side - most superior and posterior opening in the right lung
primary bronchi
42
- left lung only | - large circular shaped indent in the inferior and anterior side of the medial lung
cardiac impression
43
- left lung only - medial side - over the superior end of hilum
groove for the aorta
44
- right lung only - medial side - courses from the apex toward the superior and anterior end of the hilum
groove for the superior vena cava
45
- right lung only - medial side - arching over the top of the hilum
groove for the arch of the azygous vein
46
contains two separate pleural cavities separated by the mediastinum
thoracic cavity
47
region of membrane located on the inside surface of the thoracic walls
parietal pleura
48
region of membrane located on the surface of the lungs
visceral pleura
49
nerve that courses inferiorly toward the diaphragm, crossing anterior to the root/hilum of the lung
phrenic nerve
50
- nerve that courses posterior to the root/hilum of the lung | - with the common carotids
vagus nerve (CN X)
51
blood vessel that extends from the heart superiorly
ascending aorta
52
blood vessel that curves toward the left
arch of aorta
53
blood vessel that courses inferiorly, just left of the midline
descending aorta (thoracic aorta)
54
along the walls of the thoracic cavity, inside the costal groove of each rib
intercostal artery and vein
55
- within the posterior wall of the thoracic cavity - courses superiorly and anteriorly up the vertebral bodies - course posterior to the hilum of the lung - carries blood into the superior vena cava
azygous vein
56
what are the muscles of inhalation?
- diaphragm - external intercostals - serratus anterior - pectoralis minor
57
what are the muscles of exhalation?
- internal intercostals - transversus thoracis - external oblique - internal oblique - rectus abdominis
58
- responsible for causing pressure changes that allow use to breathe - contraction pulls air into the lungs - muscle of inhalation
diaphragm
59
- course from superior to inferior in medial direction - pull lower rib up and out - muscle of inhalation
external intercostals
60
- muscle of inhalation | - on the lateral side of the ribcage
serratus anterior
61
- muscle of inhalation | - deep to the pectoralis major
pectoralis major
62
what do the muscles of inhalation do to the ribcage (except diaphragm)?
elevate ribcage
63
what do the muscles of exhalation do to the ribcage?
depress the ribcage
64
- course from inferior to superior in the medial direction - pull the upper rib down - muscle of exhalation
internal intercostals
65
- muscle of exhalation - inside the anterior thoracic wall with several heads radiating out from the deep sternum - run horizontally
transversus thoracis
66
- muscle of exhalation | - course from superior to inferior in medial direction
external oblique
67
- muscle of exhalation - deep to the external obliques - inferior to superior in medial direction
internal oblique
68
- 6 pack | - paired muscle coursing from superior to inferior on both slides of abdominal midline
rectus abdominis

Anatomy Lab (13 decks)

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