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Anatomy Lab > Chapter 9: Respiratory Sytem > Flashcards

Chapter 9: Respiratory Sytem Flashcards

1
Q

deep to the nose

A

nasal cavity

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2
Q
  • holes on the external surface of the nose that provide entrance into the nasal cavity
  • nostrils
A

external nares

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3
Q
  • a mass of bone, cartilage and soft tissue that splits the nasal cavity into right and left sides
  • along the midline
A

nasal septum

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4
Q

extensions of the lateral walls of the nasal cavity

-made of bone, cartilage, and soft tissue

A

nasal conchae

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5
Q

in the lateral wall, deep to the middle nasal conchae

A

opening to maxillary sinuses

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6
Q

deep to the inferior nasal conchae

A

opening to the nasolacrimal duct

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7
Q
  • throat

- extends superiorly up to sphenoid bone and inferiorly down to the split between the airway and the digestive tract

A

pharynx

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8
Q
  • posterior to the nasal cavity

- extends from the sphenoid bone down to the level of the soft palate

A

nasopharynx

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9
Q

small mass of lymphoid tissue located the the superior and posterior corner of the pharynx

A

pharyngeal tonsil (adenoid)

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10
Q

tubular passageway that connects the pharynx with the middle ear

A

pharyngotympanic tube (auditory tube)

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11
Q
  • posterior to the oral cavity

- extends from the level of the soft palate down to the top of the epiglottis

A

oropharynx

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12
Q

composed of skeletal muscle tissue and is posterior to hard palate

A

soft palate

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13
Q

posterior and inferior extension of the soft palate

A

uvula

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14
Q

along the lateral walls of the oropharynx just lateral to the uvula

A

palatine tonsils

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15
Q
  • at the most posterior base of the tongue

- an upraised bump on the back surface of the tongue

A

lingual tonsil

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16
Q
  • posterior to the larynx

- extends from the level of the epiglottis down to split between the esophagus and larynx

A

laryngopharynx

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17
Q
  • cartilaginous attachment of the larynx that extends superiorly and posteriorly into the laryngopharynx
  • closes off the airway during swallowing
  • tongue shaped cartilage
A

epiglottis

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18
Q
  • first region of lower respiratory tract
  • anterior to the laryngopharynx in the neck
  • voicebox
A

larynx

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19
Q
  • most superior and largest of cartilages in the airway

- inferior to the hyoid

A

thyroid cartilage

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20
Q
  • inferior to thyroid cartilage

- smaller than thyroid cartilage

A

cricoid cartilage

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21
Q
  • vocal folds
  • mcucous membrane covering the vocal ligaments
  • more inferior and medial
  • produce sound
A

true vocal folds

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22
Q
  • vestibular folds
  • more superiorly and laterally
  • mucous membrane covering the vestibular ligaments
A

false vocal fodls

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23
Q
  • inferior continuation of airway

- tubular structure lined with C-shaped cartilage rings

A

trachea

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24
Q

smooth muscle on posterior wall of trachea

A

trachealis

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25
Q
  • located inside the trachea at the center of its bifurcation
  • cluster of receptor cells that stimulate cough reflex
A

carina

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26
Q

branch from trachea and enter into lungs

A

primary bronchi

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27
Q

branch from primary bronchi

A

secondary bronchi

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28
Q

branch from secondary bronchi

A

tertiary bronchi

29
Q
  • branch from tertiary bronchi
  • no cartilage
  • smooth muscle
A

bronchioles

30
Q
  • tiny air sacs within the lung tissue

- small clusters of circular air sacs

A

alveoli

31
Q
  • its apex is located superiorly at the top of the thoracic cavity
  • wider base is located inferiorly
A

lungs

32
Q

includes the superior apex

A

superior lobe of lungs

33
Q

includes the inferior base

A

inferior lobe of lungs

34
Q
  • on the right lung only

- between the superior and inferior lobes on the anterior side

A

middle lobe of lungs

35
Q

grooves separating the lobes of the lungs

A

fissures

36
Q

separates the superior lobes of the lung form the inferior lobes

A

oblique fissure

37
Q
  • right lung only
  • separates the superior lobe from the middle lobe
  • course from anterior toward posterior side to meet with the oblique fissure
A

horizontal fissure

38
Q

region of the lungs where blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics will enter/exit

A

hilum

39
Q
  • 1 in each lung
  • most superior opening in the left lung
  • anterior to the primary bronchus
A

pulmonary arteries

40
Q
  • 2 in each lung

- anterior and inferior to primary bronchus

A

pulmonary veins

41
Q
  • thicker than the other pulmonary vessels
  • inferior to the pulmonary artery on the posterior side
  • most superior and posterior opening in the right lung
A

primary bronchi

42
Q
  • left lung only

- large circular shaped indent in the inferior and anterior side of the medial lung

A

cardiac impression

43
Q
  • left lung only
  • medial side
  • over the superior end of hilum
A

groove for the aorta

44
Q
  • right lung only
  • medial side
  • courses from the apex toward the superior and anterior end of the hilum
A

groove for the superior vena cava

45
Q
  • right lung only
  • medial side
  • arching over the top of the hilum
A

groove for the arch of the azygous vein

46
Q

contains two separate pleural cavities separated by the mediastinum

A

thoracic cavity

47
Q

region of membrane located on the inside surface of the thoracic walls

A

parietal pleura

48
Q

region of membrane located on the surface of the lungs

A

visceral pleura

49
Q

nerve that courses inferiorly toward the diaphragm, crossing anterior to the root/hilum of the lung

A

phrenic nerve

50
Q
  • nerve that courses posterior to the root/hilum of the lung

- with the common carotids

A

vagus nerve (CN X)

51
Q

blood vessel that extends from the heart superiorly

A

ascending aorta

52
Q

blood vessel that curves toward the left

A

arch of aorta

53
Q

blood vessel that courses inferiorly, just left of the midline

A

descending aorta (thoracic aorta)

54
Q

along the walls of the thoracic cavity, inside the costal groove of each rib

A

intercostal artery and vein

55
Q
  • within the posterior wall of the thoracic cavity
  • courses superiorly and anteriorly up the vertebral bodies
  • course posterior to the hilum of the lung
  • carries blood into the superior vena cava
A

azygous vein

56
Q

what are the muscles of inhalation?

A
  • diaphragm
  • external intercostals
  • serratus anterior
  • pectoralis minor
57
Q

what are the muscles of exhalation?

A
  • internal intercostals
  • transversus thoracis
  • external oblique
  • internal oblique
  • rectus abdominis
58
Q
  • responsible for causing pressure changes that allow use to breathe
  • contraction pulls air into the lungs
  • muscle of inhalation
A

diaphragm

59
Q
  • course from superior to inferior in medial direction
  • pull lower rib up and out
  • muscle of inhalation
A

external intercostals

60
Q
  • muscle of inhalation

- on the lateral side of the ribcage

A

serratus anterior

61
Q
  • muscle of inhalation

- deep to the pectoralis major

A

pectoralis major

62
Q

what do the muscles of inhalation do to the ribcage (except diaphragm)?

A

elevate ribcage

63
Q

what do the muscles of exhalation do to the ribcage?

A

depress the ribcage

64
Q
  • course from inferior to superior in the medial direction
  • pull the upper rib down
  • muscle of exhalation
A

internal intercostals

65
Q
  • muscle of exhalation
  • inside the anterior thoracic wall with several heads radiating out from the deep sternum
  • run horizontally
A

transversus thoracis

66
Q
  • muscle of exhalation

- course from superior to inferior in medial direction

A

external oblique

67
Q
  • muscle of exhalation
  • deep to the external obliques
  • inferior to superior in medial direction
A

internal oblique

68
Q
  • 6 pack

- paired muscle coursing from superior to inferior on both slides of abdominal midline

A

rectus abdominis

Anatomy Lab (13 decks)

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