Lab 10: Digestive System Flashcards
1
Q
- where we take food into our body
- bound superiorly by the hard and soft palates and inferiorly by the tongue
A
oral cavity
2
Q
- in the oral cavity
- made of multiple layers of skeletal muscle
- used to help bread down food/taste buds
A
tongue
3
Q
- palate made of bone
- located more anteriorly
A
hard palate
4
Q
- palate made of skeletal muscle
- located more posteriorly
A
soft palate
5
Q
an extension off the soft palate that hangs inferiorly into the oral cavity
A
uvula
6
Q
the oral cavity opens up posteriorly into the…….
A
pharynx
7
Q
what are the 3 parts of the pharynx?
A
- nasopharynx
- oropharynx
- laryngopahrynx
8
Q
- tube that continues inferiorly through the thoracic cavity, just posterior to the trachea
- goes through the esophageal hiatus in the diaphragm into the abdominal cavity
A
esophagus
9
Q
- extension of visceral peritoneum off the greater curvature of the stomach
- extends of abdominal viscera, folds back up and attaches to the transverse colon
A
greater omentum
10
Q
- an extension of the parietal peritoneum off the posterior peritoneum off the posterior abdominal wall
- it extends out and wraps around the small intestine and parts of the large intestine
A
mesentery
11
Q
- 1st organ in abdominal cavity to receive food along the digestive tract
- just inferior to the diaphragm, left of the midline
- C shaped curve to the right
A
stomach
12
Q
- sphincter at the end of the esophagus and beginning of the stomach
- thickened smooth muscle
A
cardiac sphincter
13
Q
sphincter at the distal opening of the stomach leading into the duodenum
A
pyloric sphincter
14
Q
- located along the inferior margin of the stomach
- located more toward the left of abdominal cavity
- longer curvature
A
greater curvature of the stomach
15
Q
- located along superior margin of the stomach
- more toward midline
- shorter curvature
A
lesser curvature
16
Q
portion of stomach near cardiac sphincter
A
cardiac portion
17
Q
- smaller region of the stomach
- located to left of the cardiac region
A
fundus
18
Q
composes majority of the stomach and is located in the center
A
body
19
Q
- most inferior portion of stomach
- covers the entire region surrounding the distal opening
A
pyloric region
20
Q
- located inside the stomach lumen
- large folds in the stomach wall
- allow large amount of stretch in the stomach
A
rugae
21
Q
begins just past the pyloric sphincter and is made of a long tubular passageway divided into 3 regions
A
small intestine
22
Q
- first part of the small intestine
- the C shaped curvature that begins at the pyloric sphincter
- curves around toward the midline
A
duodenum
23
Q
- upraised nipple like projection on the inside of the duodenal wall with a hold in the center
- where bile and pancreatic juices are secreted into the duodenum
A
major duodenal papilla
24
Q
- majority of the small intestine
- 2nd part of small intestine
- twisted region
A
jejunum
25
- the last region of the small intestine
| - attaches to the cecum
ileum
26
- large circular folds inside the lumen of the small intestine
- course transversely around the lumen of the small intestine
plicae circularis
27
- marks the exit of the small intestine
| - located at the junction of the ileum and cecum
ileocecal valve
28
- begins in the lower right quadrant of the abdominal cavity
- has larger lumen than the small intestine
large intestine
29
- the largely dilated start of the large intestine
| - joins the ileum
cecum
30
- worm-like extension off the cecum on the outside of the intestinal tract
- extends toward the lower right margin of the abdomen
appendix
31
- connected to the cecum
| - divided into 4 regions
colon
32
part of the colon that ascends up the right side of the abdominal cavity
ascending colon
33
- where the colon curves to the left
| - located near the liver
right colic flexure (hepatic flexure)
34
- part of the colon that courses transversely across the superior abdominal cavity
- just inferior to the stomach
transverse colon
35
where the transverse colon curves inferiorly
left colic flexure (splenic flexure)
36
- part of the colon that courses from the upper left quadrant to the lower left quadrant
- connects to sigmoid colon
descending colon
37
- last part of the colon
- S-like curve toward midline
- connects to the rectum
sigmoid colon
38
extensions of visceral peritoneum filled with adipose tissue hanging off of the wall of the colon
epiploic appendages
39
- longitudinal bands of smooth muscle coursing along the length of the colon
- lighter in color
tenaie coli
40
- bubble like pouches along the length of the colon
| - easier to see along the transverse colon
haustra
41
- begins at the superior margin of the pelvic cavity and continues along inferiorly at the midline of the posterior pelvic wall
- terminates into the anus
rectum
42
opens the digestive tract to the outside
anus
43
- located more proximally and closer to the lumen of the anus
- circular muscle made of smooth muscle
- continuation of muscle in the rectal wall
internal anal sphinter
44
- located more distally and farther away from the anal lumen
- circular muscle made of skeletal muscle
- part of perineum
external anal sphincter
45
- salivary gland located superficially on the face, just anterior to the ear
- large gland
parotid gland
46
- extends out of the medial side of parotid gland and courses to lateral wall of oral cavity
- opens up just lateral to the second upper molars
parotid duct
47
- gland under the mandible
| - smaller and rounded
submandibular gland
48
- largest organ in the body
| - in the upper right quadrant of the abdominal cavity, just above the hepatic flexure
liver
49
smaller lobe on the anterior side of the liver
left lobe
50
larger lobe on the anterior side of the liver
right lobe
51
- lobe on the posterior side of the liver
- small rectangular shaped lobe
- located superiorly along the midline of the liver
caudate lobe
52
- lobe on the posterior side of the liver
- small rectangular shaped lobe
- next to the gallbladder
- located inferiorly
quadrate lobe
53
- center of the posterior side of the liver
| - between the caudate and quadrate lobes
porta hepatis (hilum)
54
- ligament on the anterior side of the liver
- courses from superior to inferior between the left and right lobes
- attaches the liver to the diaphragm
falciform ligament
55
- ligament that attaches the liver to the superior wall of the diaphragm
- along the superior margin of the liver, running transversely across the top
coronary ligament
56
- ligament located on the anterior and inferior side of the liver
- courses inferiorly to the umbilical region
round ligament of the liver
57
- located on the posterior side of the liver next to quardate lobe
- dark green color
- stores bile
gallbladder
58
- deep to the stomach along the midline of the posterior abdominal wall
- yellow brown color
- extends toward the left side
pancreas
59
- lymphatic organ
- located in the upper left quadrant of the abdomen
- rounded and purplish color
- along posterior wall
spleen
60
- pathway of ducts connecting the liver and gallbladder to the small intestine (duodenum)
- carries bile
biliary pathway
61
- ducts exiting the inferior and slightly posterior side of the liver
- flattened ducts due to thin walls
- greenish
left and right hepatic ducts
62
formed by the merging of the left and right hepatic ducts
common hepatic ducts
63
exits the gallbladder and courses inferiorly to merge with the common hepatic duct
cystic duct
64
- formed by the merging of the common hepatic and cystic ducts
- courses inferiorly to the head of the pancreas
common bile duct
65
- courses through the length of the pancreas from the tail toward the head
- carries pancreatic enzymes
- merges with common bile duct to empty into the duodenum through the major duodenal papilla
main pancreatic duct
66
- branch superior to the main pancreatic duct
| - empties into duodenum through the minor duodenal papilla
accessory pancreatic duct
67
- major blood vessel
| - emerges through diaphragm
abdominal aorta
68
- 1st unpaired branch of the abdominal aorta
| - emerges off the anterior side of the aorta
celiac trunk
69
- branch off the celiac trunk on superior side
| - curve left and along the left side of the lesser curvature of the stomach
left gastric artery
70
- branch of the celiac trunk
- courses to the left side of the abdominal cavities
- supplies blood to the spleen
splenic artery
71
- branch of the celiac trunk that courses to the right side
| - anterior and superficial to the biliary pathway
common hepatic artery
72
- branch of the common hepatic artery
- courses superiorly and supplies the liver
- gives off the right gastric and the left and right hepatic arteries
hepatic artery proper
73
- branch of hepatic artery proper
| - course along the right side of the lesser curvature of the stomach
right gastric artery
74
- branches of the hepatic artery proper
| - supply the liver
left and right hepatic arteries
75
- branch of common hepatic artery
- courses inferiorly
- supplies blood to the junction between the stomach and the duodenum
gastroduodenal artery
76
- 2nd upaired branch off the abdominal aorta
- large artery that supplies mesentery of intestines
- just inferior to celiac trunk
superior mesenteric artery
77
- 3rd unpaired branch off the abdominal aorta
- much smaller
- supply descending and sigmoid colon
inferior mesenteric artery
78
- large vein
- blood leaving from inferior region of body goes into here and is carried into right atrium
- located on the posterior side of the liver
- parallel to the abdominal aorta
inferior vena cava
79
- receive blood from the digestive veins and takes it to the liver
- deep/posterior to the biliary pathway
hepatic portal vein
