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Anatomy Lab > Lab 6: Nervous System > Flashcards

Lab 6: Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q
  • thick, fibrous layer that is directly adhered to the deep surface of the cranial bones
  • meninge of the brain
A

dura mater of the brain

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2
Q

-deep to dura mater
-much thinner and somewhat transparent
-spider web like
meninge of the brain

A

arachnoid mater of the brain

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3
Q
  • deep to arachnoid mater
  • transparent and directly adhered superficially to the nervous tissue
  • meninge of the brain
A

pia mater of the brain

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4
Q
  • above or superficial to the dura mater
  • potential space
  • space of the brain
A

epidural space of the brain

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5
Q
  • space of the brain
  • below or deep to the dura mater
  • potential mater
A

subdural space of the brain

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6
Q
  • space of the brain
  • below or deep to the arachnoid mater
  • real space that contains cerebrospinal fluid
A

subarachnoid space of the brain

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7
Q
  • deep groove coursing longitudinally along the sagittal plane from anterior to posterior
  • separates right and left hemispheres
A

longitudinal fissure

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8
Q
  • found in the middle of each hemisphere
  • uninterruped by gyrus
  • half way between the most anterior point and most posterior point
A

central sulcus

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9
Q
  • found on each hemisphere

- separates the temporal lobes

A

lateral sulcus

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10
Q
  • seen in sagittal section

- separates the most posterior lobe of the brain (occipital) from the most superior lobe (parietal)

A

parieto-occipital sulcus

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11
Q
  • consists of all the gyri (bumps) and some nervous tissue

- consists of cerebral cortex, basal nuclei, internal capsule and the lobes

A

cerebrum

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12
Q

most anterior aspect of the brain on each hemisphere

A

frontal lobe

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13
Q

located superiorly on the brain and is separated from the frontal lobe by the central sulcus

A

parietal lobe

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14
Q

located laterally on the brain and is separated from the frontal and parietal lobes by the lateral sulcus

A

temporal lobe

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15
Q

most posterior lobe and is separated from the parietal lobe by the parieto-occipital sulcus

A

occipital lobe

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16
Q
  • most superficial part of the cerebrum

- made of gray matter

A

cerebral cortex

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17
Q

located on the pre-central gyrus

A

primary motor cortex

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18
Q

bump directly anterior to the central gyrus (frontal lobe)

A

pre-central gryus

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19
Q

the remaining gray matter anterior to the pre-central gyrus within the frontal lobe

A

premotor cortex

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20
Q

located on the post-central gyrus

A

primary somatosensory cortex

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21
Q

directly posterior to the central sulcus (parietal lobe)

A

post-central gyrus

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22
Q

the remaining gray matter within the parietal lobe outside the primary somatosensory cortex

A

somatosensory association cortex

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23
Q

located at the most posterior tip of the occipital lobe

A

primary visual cortex

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24
Q

the remaining gray matter within the occipital lobe

A

visual association cortex

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25
consists of 3 clusters of gray matter deep within the cerebrum
basal nuclei
26
- bundle of projection fibers (myelinated axon) - white matter that courses from the gray matter in the cerebral cortex toward the midline and inferior brain (brain stem)
internal capsule
27
- C shaped white matter - connects the right and left cerebral hemispheres - is commisural fibers
corpus callosum
28
- deep brain or central brain - gray matter - superior to brainstem - consists of the thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus
diencephalon
29
- pathway for nervous signals between the brain and the spinal cord and cerebellum - directly inferior to the diencephalon, specifically the thalamus - consists of the midbrain, pons, and medulla
brainstem
30
- most superior region of the brainstem - inferior to the thalamus - square and short
midbrain
31
- inferior to the midbrain | - round protrusion on the anterior side of brainstem
pons
32
- inferior to the pons | - slightly dilated and larger than the spinal cord
medulla
33
- posterior to the brainstem - on the inferior side of the brain and is positioned posteriorly - mass of gray matter with several nuclei within the two lobes
cerebellum
34
- one within each hemisphere | - in the sagittal section they are just inferior to the corpus callosum and superior to the thalamus
lateral ventricles
35
- inferior to and between the two lobes of the thalamus | - between the thalamus and hypothalamus
third ventricle
36
channel that courses through the midbrain and leads into the 4th ventricle
cerebral aqueduct
37
small space located posterior to the pons, between the pons and the cerebellum
fourth ventricle
38
- on the inferior side of the brain and brainstem - course along the anterior side of the medulla - merge to form the basilar artery
vertebral arteries
39
- located on the anterior side of the pons | - terminates into the posterior cerebral arteries
basilar artery
40
- come off the posterior cerebral arteries and course anteriorly along the inferior side of the brain - connect posterior cerebral arteries to internal carotids
posterior communicating arteries
41
- lateral to midline of the inferior side of the brain between the cortex and diencephalon - go superiorly up the neck
internal carotid arteries
42
-course around the lateral sides of the pons to the posterior aspect of the cerebrum
posterior cerebral arteries
43
-emerge from the carotids and course laterally between the temporal lobe and the inferior side of the frontal lobe
middle cerebral artery
44
-emerge off of the anterior side of the internal carotids and go anteriorly toward the midline and through the longitudinal fissure
anterior cerebral artery
45
connect the two anterior cerebral arteries at the entrance to the longitudinal fissure
anterior communicating artery
46
continuous with the cranial meninges
spinal cord meninges
47
- thick and fibrous | - most superficial spinal cord meninges
dura mater of spinal cord
48
- deep to and directly adhered to the inside of the dura mater - fibrous, spideweb like - meninge of spinal cord
arachnoid mater of spinal cord
49
- deepest spinal cord meninge | - directly on the surface of the spinal cord
pia mater of spinal cord
50
- between the vertebrae and dura mater - real space with fat tissue and blood vessels - space of the spinal cord
epidural space of the spinal cord
51
- between the dura and arachnoid mater | - potential space of the spinal cord
subdural space of the spinal cord
52
- between the dura and pia mater - real space with cerebrospinal fluid - space of the spinal cord
subarachnoid space
53
- point where the spinal cord terminates | - L1/L2
conus medullaris
54
- bundle of nerve roots exiting the spinal cord - "horse tail" - inferior to the conus medullaris
cauda equina
55
- within the cauda equina - continuation of pia mater that extends inferiorly off the tip of the conus medullaris - extends to the end of the vertebral canal, anchoring the spinal cord to a fixed position
filum terminale
56
- in the center of gray matter | - mass of gray tissue connecting the two sides of gray matter in the spinal cord
gray commisure
57
- small opening in the center of gray commisure | - a distal continuation of the 4th ventricle and contains CSF
central canal
58
- two dilated regions of gray matter located dorsally | - have cell bodies of interneurons and sensory neurons
dorsal horns
59
- small bump off the lateral side of the ventral horns | - have cell bodies of autonomic motor neurons
lateral horns
60
- two dilated regions of gray matter located ventrally | - contain cell bodies of somatic motor neurons
ventral horns
61
- two nerve bundles entering the dorsal side of the spinal cord - contain axons of sensory neurons
dorsal root
62
- dilated region in the center of the dorsal root | - contain the cell bodies of sensory neurons
dorsal root ganglion
63
- two nerve bundles leaving the ventral side of the spinal cord - contain axons of motor neurons
ventral root
64
- formed by the merging of dorsal and ventral roots | - pair of spinal nerves for each vertebral level
spinal nerve

Anatomy Lab (13 decks)

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