Lab 7 - Fungi Flashcards
1
Q
fungi have cell walls of
A
chitin
2
Q
are fungi motile or non-motile
A
non-motile
3
Q
how do fungi obtain nutrients
A
absorptive heterotrophs
4
Q
hypha is a
A
long, branching, filamentous structure
5
Q
types of hypha
A
- aseptate
- coenocytic
- septate
6
Q
aseptate structure
A
has no cross walls
7
Q
coenocytic structure
A
continuous mass of cytoplasm with many nuclei
8
Q
septate structure
A
has cross walls present
9
Q
A
A
Septate hypha
10
Q
B
A
Coenocytic
11
Q
what grows underground
A
the mycelium
12
Q
mycelium
A
a mass of hyphae
13
Q
what grows above ground
A
fruiting bodies
14
Q
what are the reproductive structures
A
fruiting bodies
15
Q
1
A
hyphae
16
Q
2
A
reproductive structure (fruiting body)
17
Q
3
A
mycelium
18
Q
roles of fungi
A
- foods
- medicine
- alcohol
19
Q
fungi are ______
A
decomposers
20
Q
true or false
fungi form symbioses with other organisms
A
true (lichen and mycorrhizae)
21
Q
can fungi be parasitic
A
yes
22
Q
fungi undergo ______ meiosis
A
zygotic
23
Q
fertilization becomes
A
- plasmogamy
- karyogamy
24
Q
plasmogamy
A
fusion of cytoplasm
25
karyogamy
fusion of nuclei
26
plasmogamy or karyogamy
2n
karyogamy
27
plasmogamy or karyogamy
n+n
plasmogamy
28
spores make _____ by _____
multicellular haploid individual by mitosis
29
the multicellular haploid individual makes ____ by ____
gametes by mitosis
30
gametes make _____ by _____
diploid zygote by syngamy
31
zygote makes_____ by _____
spores by meiosis
32
only diploid stage in zygotic meiosis
zygote
33
asexual life cycle is _____
haploid (no meiosis)
34
what makes up the stages in the asexual life cycle
1. spores undergo germination to make mycelium
2. mycelium makes spore-producing structures
3. spore-producing structures make spores
35
stages in the sexual life cycle
1. some of the mycelia undergoes plasmogamy
2. plasmogamy results in either a heterokaryotic or dikaryotic stage
3. following that is karyogamy
4. karyogamy makes a diploid zygote
5. zygote undergoes meiosis to form spore-producing structures
6. spore-producing structures make spores which germinate into mycelium
36
the phyla are named based on their
reproductive structures
37
Zygomycota unique structure
zygosporangium
38
Ascomycota unique structure
ascocarp
39
Basidiomycota unique structure
basidiocarp
40
what phyla does this life cycle represent
Basidiomycota
41
what phyla does this life cycle represent
Ascomycota
42
what phyla does this life cycle represent
Zygomycota
43
what phyla does this represent
zygosporangium - Zygomycota
44
what ascocarp is this shape
cleistothecium
45
what ascocarp is this shape
perithecium
46
what ascocarp is this shape
Apothecium
47
each ascus has _____ ascospores
8
48
lichen
symbiotic relationship between an ascomycete or basidiomycete and a green algae
49
three lichen growth forms
1. crustose
2. foliose
3. fruticose
50
what lichen grow form is this
fruticose
51
what lichen grow form is this
foliose
52
what lichen grow form is this
crustose
53
what defines crustose lichen
thin
flat crust
54
what defines foliose lichen
flat and leafy
distinct upper and lower surface
55
what defines fruticose lichen
distinct strands with hair-like or shrub-like growth
56
NAME : PHYLUM:
Rhizopus Stolonifer (Black bread mould) : Phylum Zygomycota
57
where do Phylum Zygomycota live
in soil or on decaying plant or animal material
58
Phylum Zygomycota have ____ hyphae
aspartate (coenocytic)
59
what reproduction is very common in Phylum Zygomycota
asexual
60
when does sexual reproduction occur in Phylum Zygomycota
if conditions become UNFAVOURABLE for growth
61
how does a zygosporangium form in Phylum Zygomycota
gametangia from two different mating strains fuse
62
how can zygosporangia be described
thick-walled and resistant
63
examples of Phylum Ascomycota
1. small unicellular yeasts
2. cup fungi
3. truffles
64
Phylum Ascomycota have _____ hyphae
septate
65
true or false
Phylum Ascomycota and Phylum Basidiomycota have perforated septate hyphae
true - the cytoplasm and nuclei are still able to move freely through the hyphae
66
how does asexual reproduction happen in Phylum Ascomycota
via production of naked spores called conidia or by budding
67
what is the defining feature of the Phylum Ascomycota (along with all other fungal phyla)
sexual structures
68
what phyla is yeast
Phylum Ascomycota
69
what phyla is Penicillium
Phylum Ascomycota
70
how does Penicillium reproduce asexually
by conidia
71
conidia
spores that bud off of hyphae-like conidiophores
72
what does sexual reproduction in Phylum Ascomycota involve
the formation of saclike structures (ascus) within which haploid ascospores are produced following meiosis
73
how are the ascospores held together in the ascus
a mitotic division IMMEDIATELY follows meiosis which results in the spores being held together
74
how are asci formed
in a complex structure called an ascocarp
75
what do the asci usually develop as
a layer inside the ascocarp
76
why are ascocarps located on the outer edge of the plant stem of Erysisphe
adaption for spore dispersal by air currents
77
what kind of ascocarp does Sordaria have
a perithecium
78
what kind of ascocarp does Peziza have
apothecium
79
Phylum Basidiomycota includes
1. puffballs
2. mushrooms
3. bracket fungi
4. rusts and smuts
80
Phylum Basidiomycota have ____ hyphae
septate
81
what surrounds the septate hyphae in Phylum Basidiomycota
bracket-like structures
82
how do Phylum Basidiomycota differ from other fungi
most reproduction is sexual
83
what does meiosis result in Phylum Basidiomycota
production of basidiospores
84
what are basidiospores born from
club-shaped structure called a basidium (plura - basidia)
85
where are basidia located
on or in a basidiocarp
86
what are examples of basidiocarps
1. puffballs
2. mushrooms
3. bracket fungi
87
gill fungus in Phylum Basidiomycota
the extensive network of mycelium that grows undergound before producing a mushroom
88
pore fungi reflect what phyla
Phylum Basidiomycota
89
what does the mycelium of pore fungi inhabit
dead tree trunks
90
where are basidiospores produced and released in pore fungi
the inside of the pores
91
how do puffballs, earthstars, stinkhorns
and birds nest fungi differ from other Basidiomycota
they produce basidia that are enclosed IN a basidiocarp
92
fungal component of a lichen
Basidiomycota but mostly Ascomycota
93
photosynthetic component of a lichen
1. Nostoc (blue-green bacteria)
2. green algae
94
are ascospores borne internally or externally
internally in an ascus
95
are basidiospores borne externally or internally
externally on basidia
96
what are the circular structures and what are they at the end of
1. circular structures - sporangia
2. found at the ends of hyphal
97
what is this
sexual stage of Zygomycota - zygosporangium are the large black dots
98
Name: Phylum
Truffles : Phylum Ascomycota
99
Name: Phylum
Morel : Phylum Ascomycota
100
Name: Phylum
Scarlet elf cup fungus: Phylum Ascomycota
101
1. what is happening here
2. where are the daughter cells
3. what phylum is this
1. this shows yeast undergoing budding
2. the daughter cells are the smaller bubbles protruding from the larger main cell
3. Phylum Ascomycota
102
1. Name and phylum
2. how does it reproduce
1. Penicillium and Phylum Ascomycota
2, showing the conidia which is the asexual reproduction
103
1. name and phylum
2. type of structure
1. Eryisphe ascocarp (Phylum Ascomycota)
2. Cleistothecium ascocarp
104
where are the ascocarp found in Erysiphe
ON the outer edge of the plant stem
105
1. name of the structure
2. name of specimen and phylum
1. Perithecium ascocarp
2. Sordaria and Phylum Ascomycota
106
1. name of fungi and phylum
2. type of structure
3. what are the pink structures?
1. Peziza of Phylum Ascomycota
2. Apothecium ascocarp
3. ascrospores
107
name: Phylum
Toadstool: Basidiomycota
108
name: Phylum
earth star: Basidiomycota
109
name: Phylum
Puffball: Basidiomycota
110
name: Phylum
rust: Basidiomycota
111
name: Phylum
Smut: Basidiomycota
112
A
cap
113
B
gills
114
C
stipe *stalk
115
D
gill/lamellae
116
E
basidia
117
F
spores
118
G
basidium
119
I
hyphae
120
name: Phylum
golden waxcap mushroom: Basidiomycota
121
name: Phylum
bird's nest fungi
122
name: Phylum
stinkhorn mushroom: Basidiomycota
123
1. structure
2. name and phylum
3. where are basidia found
1. cross-section through the cap
2. Coprinus: Basidiomycota
3. found protruding into air space BETWEEN the gills
124
structure of meiosis
Zygomycota
zygosporangium
125
structure of meiosis
Ascomycota
ascus
126
structure of meiosis
basidiomycota
basidia
127
products of meiosis
Zygomycota
haploid sporangia
128
products of meiosis
Ascomycota
ascospores
129
products of meiosis
Basidiomycota
basidiospores
130
asexual reproduction occurs via
Zygomycota
sporangia on mycelium
131
asexual reproduction occurs via
Ascomycota
conidia
132
asexual reproduction occurs via
Basidiomycota
RARE
133
Hyphae
Zygomycota
aseptate
134
Hyphae
Ascomycota
septate
135
Hyphae
Basidiomycota
septate
136
diagnostic character
Zygomycota
Zygosporangium
137
diagnostic character
Ascomycota
ascospores in asci
138
diagnostic character
Basidomycota
Basidiospores in basidia
