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Biology 1020 Lab > Lab 2- Natural selection/Starfish/Adaption > Flashcards

Lab 2- Natural selection/Starfish/Adaption Flashcards

1
Q

what are the results of natural selection simulations

A

as time goes on, the black moths are being selected FOR which means they are being picked LESS than the white moths

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2
Q

what evidence suggests black moths survive better than white moths (NS)

A
  1. they have a higher chance of survival
  2. one pop became fixed
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3
Q

what is the trend seen in the genetic drift simulations

A

there is NO trend for genetic drift as it’s based on a random event

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4
Q

why is there no trend in the genetic drift simulation

A
  1. there is no direction for the trend
  2. groups had differing results for what survived better
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5
Q

true or false
natural selection is a directional trend

A

YES

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6
Q

what phylum do sea stars belong to

A

Echinodermata

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7
Q

what two phyla are deuterostomes

A

Echinodermata and Chordates

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8
Q

the water vascular system is used for

A
  1. locomotion
  2. feeding
  3. gas exchange
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9
Q

do phylum Echinodermata have a complete digestive tract

A

YES

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10
Q

what features make the body wall of the sea star

A
  1. epidermis
  2. endoskeleton
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11
Q

epidermis

A

body covering on all surfaces of sea star

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12
Q

endoskeleton is composed of

A
  1. dermal ossicles
  2. calcareous spines
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13
Q

dermal ossicles are located

A

embedded in the epidermis

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14
Q

calcareous spines are the

A

projections outward from the surface

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15
Q

what makes up the oral surface

A
  1. mouth
  2. tube feet (podia)
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16
Q

the oral surface is the

A

underside of the sea star(

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17
Q

mouth is located

A

in the center of the oral surface

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18
Q

tube feet (podia) are contained

A

within grooves along each arm

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19
Q

what do the tube feet have at each end

A

a sucker-like distal tip

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20
Q

what makes up the aboral surface

A
  1. eyespots
  2. madreporite
  3. dermal branchiae
  4. pedicellariae
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21
Q

the aboral surface is the surface that

A

is typically exposed (opposite the oral/mouth side)

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22
Q

eyespots are found

A

at the tip of each arm

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23
Q

what are the sensory disks called

A

eyespots

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24
Q

madreporite is located

A

just off center from the aboral axis

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25
Q

dermal branchiae extend through

A

the body wall from the coelom

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26
Q

dermal branchiae are

A

bladder like structures

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27
Q

where are gases exchanged in the sea star

A

Dermal branchiae

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28
Q

pedicellariae are found

A

randomly over the external surface of the epidermis

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29
Q

coelom

A

fluid-filled or air-filled body cavity that separates the digestive tract from the endoskeleton body covering

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30
Q

what makes up the digestive system

A
  1. pyloric ceca
  2. pyloric stomach
  3. cardiac stomach
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31
Q

pyloric ceca are located

A

aborally in the arms

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32
Q

pyloric stomach is located

A

on the aboral side of the cardiac stomach

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33
Q

how would the pyloric stomach be described

A

thin-walled and star-shaped sac

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34
Q

the pyloric ceca are

A

paired digestive glands

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35
Q

cardiac stomach is located

A

oral to the pyloric stomach

36
Q

what stomach is everted during feeding

A

cardiac stomach

37
Q

how would you describe the cardiac stomach

A

5-lobed, muscular stomach

38
Q

the gonads are located

A

on the floor of the body cavity in the proximal region of each arm

39
Q

What is the function of the madreporite?

A

water intake

40
Q

What is the function of the oscicles?

A

support and protection

41
Q

What is the function(s) of pyloric cacea?

A

production of digestive enzymes, food storage, absorption of nutrients

42
Q

gonads are ______ reproductive structures

A

paired

43
Q

what makes up the water vascular system

A

Stone canal
Ring canal
Radial canal
Lateral canals
Ampullae

44
Q

stone canal is located

A

extending orally down from the madreporite

45
Q

ring canal is located

A

embedded in the bony ossicles surrounding the mouth

46
Q

radial canal extends

A

down each arm from the ring canal

47
Q

lateral canal extend

A

from radial canals to connect with the tube feet.

48
Q

Ampullae can found

A

internally on the ambulacral ridge

49
Q

How are tube feet with suckers an adaptation for the sea star’s life style?

A

So the sea star can clutch onto surface

50
Q

How are the form and function of the dermal branchial system are advantages to the sea star?

A

It lets the sea star exchange gases under water.

51
Q

What is the function of pedicellariae? How are they an important adaptation to the sea star?

A

They brush off debris.
The sea star is slow at moving and doesn’t have hands to brush off debris
defense against predators

52
Q

how the flattened oral-aboral body plan and sensory discs on every arm may be advantageous?

A

It can sense temperate change and chemical change easier. It is also easier to sense predators.

53
Q

How does the structure of the digestive system reflect the feeding constraints imposed by the starfish’s external structure?

A

It can’t open its mouth to feed, so instead it sends out it’s stomach to digest.

54
Q

Why do you think some of the unique feeding habits of the starfish evolved?

A

It’s advantageous for the small animal to protrude it’s stomach, as it is very slow moving and hard to reach prey.
can’t completely digest outside of the body, it brings the liquified remains into the cardiac stomach.

55
Q

Why is the water vascular system important for the sea star?

A

In case it gets cut open somehow, it won’t lose “blood” since it can reabsorb the water and survive.

56
Q

What are some examples of selection pressures that may have lead to development of such a unique system of locomotion?

A

It doesn’t have hands to move or grab prey.

57
Q

What are the dermal bramchiae used for?

A

Exchange of gases, respiration, circulation

58
Q

What are the pedicellariae used for?

A

protection and cleaning

59
Q

What is the cardiac stomach used for?

A

envelope the prey and break them down

60
Q

What are the tube feet used for?

A

Retrieving food, locomotion, circulation, gas exchange

61
Q

1

A

cardiac stomach

62
Q

2

A

madreporite

63
Q

3

A

eyespot

64
Q

4

A

ampullae

65
Q

5

A

ambulacral ridge

66
Q

6

A

podia

67
Q

7

A

gonads

68
Q

8

A

pyloric ceca

69
Q

9

A

pyloric stomach

70
Q

1

A

madreporite

71
Q

2

A

stone canal

72
Q

3

A

ring canal

73
Q

4

A

radial canal

74
Q

5

A

ampullae

75
Q

6

A

lateral canal

76
Q

true or false
evolution occurs in individuals

A

false, populations

77
Q

true or false
evolution occurs for a defined purpose or goal

A

false

78
Q

true or false
evolution perfects organisms

A

FALSE

79
Q

true or false
because evolution is driven by mutations it’s a random process

A

FALSE

80
Q

true or false
genetic drift can cause adaptions

A

FALSE

81
Q

true or false
genetic drift is random =not a mechanism of evolution

A

false

82
Q

true or false
natural selection is synonymous with evolution

A

false

83
Q

true or false
does natural selection act on genotype as genes are inherited

A

false, environment determines what is passed on

84
Q

can evolution occur WITH variability and selectivity but NOT heritability

A

NO

85
Q

can evolution occur WITH variability and heritability but NOT selectivity

A

YES

Biology 1020 Lab (11 decks)

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