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Biology 1020 Lab > Lab 2- Natural selection/Starfish/Adaption > Flashcards

Lab 2- Natural selection/Starfish/Adaption Flashcards

1
Q

what are the results of natural selection simulations

A

as time goes on, the black moths are being selected FOR which means they are being picked LESS than the white moths

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2
Q

what evidence suggests black moths survive better than white moths (NS)

A
  1. they have a higher chance of survival
  2. one pop became fixed
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3
Q

what is the trend seen in the genetic drift simulations

A

there is NO trend for genetic drift as it’s based on a random event

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4
Q

why is there no trend in the genetic drift simulation

A
  1. there is no direction for the trend
  2. groups had differing results for what survived better
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5
Q

true or false
natural selection is a directional trend

A

YES

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6
Q

what phylum do sea stars belong to

A

Echinodermata

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7
Q

what two phyla are deuterostomes

A

Echinodermata and Chordates

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8
Q

the water vascular system is used for

A
  1. locomotion
  2. feeding
  3. gas exchange
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9
Q

do phylum Echinodermata have a complete digestive tract

A

YES

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10
Q

what features make the body wall of the sea star

A
  1. epidermis
  2. endoskeleton
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11
Q

epidermis

A

body covering on all surfaces of sea star

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12
Q

endoskeleton is composed of

A
  1. dermal ossicles
  2. calcareous spines
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13
Q

dermal ossicles are located

A

embedded in the epidermis

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14
Q

calcareous spines are the

A

projections outward from the surface

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15
Q

what makes up the oral surface

A
  1. mouth
  2. tube feet (podia)
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16
Q

the oral surface is the

A

underside of the sea star(

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17
Q

mouth is located

A

in the center of the oral surface

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18
Q

tube feet (podia) are contained

A

within grooves along each arm

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19
Q

what do the tube feet have at each end

A

a sucker-like distal tip

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20
Q

what makes up the aboral surface

A
  1. eyespots
  2. madreporite
  3. dermal branchiae
  4. pedicellariae
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21
Q

the aboral surface is the surface that

A

is typically exposed (opposite the oral/mouth side)

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22
Q

eyespots are found

A

at the tip of each arm

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23
Q

what are the sensory disks called

A

eyespots

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24
Q

madreporite is located

A

just off center from the aboral axis

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25
dermal branchiae extend through
the body wall from the coelom
26
dermal branchiae are
bladder like structures
27
where are gases exchanged in the sea star
Dermal branchiae
28
pedicellariae are found
randomly over the external surface of the epidermis
29
coelom
fluid-filled or air-filled body cavity that separates the digestive tract from the endoskeleton body covering
30
what makes up the digestive system
1. pyloric ceca 2. pyloric stomach 3. cardiac stomach
31
pyloric ceca are located
aborally in the arms
32
pyloric stomach is located
on the aboral side of the cardiac stomach
33
how would the pyloric stomach be described
thin-walled and star-shaped sac
34
the pyloric ceca are
paired digestive glands
35
cardiac stomach is located
oral to the pyloric stomach
36
what stomach is everted during feeding
cardiac stomach
37
how would you describe the cardiac stomach
5-lobed, muscular stomach
38
the gonads are located
on the floor of the body cavity in the proximal region of each arm
39
What is the function of the madreporite?
water intake
40
What is the function of the oscicles?
support and protection
41
What is the function(s) of pyloric cacea?
production of digestive enzymes, food storage, absorption of nutrients
42
gonads are ______ reproductive structures
paired
43
what makes up the water vascular system
Stone canal Ring canal Radial canal Lateral canals Ampullae
44
stone canal is located
extending orally down from the madreporite
45
ring canal is located
embedded in the bony ossicles surrounding the mouth
46
radial canal extends
down each arm from the ring canal
47
lateral canal extend
from radial canals to connect with the tube feet.
48
Ampullae can found
internally on the ambulacral ridge
49
How are tube feet with suckers an adaptation for the sea star's life style?
So the sea star can clutch onto surface
50
How are the form and function of the dermal branchial system are advantages to the sea star?
It lets the sea star exchange gases under water.
51
What is the function of pedicellariae? How are they an important adaptation to the sea star?
They brush off debris. The sea star is slow at moving and doesn't have hands to brush off debris defense against predators
52
how the flattened oral-aboral body plan and sensory discs on every arm may be advantageous?
It can sense temperate change and chemical change easier. It is also easier to sense predators.
53
How does the structure of the digestive system reflect the feeding constraints imposed by the starfish's external structure?
It can't open its mouth to feed, so instead it sends out it's stomach to digest.
54
Why do you think some of the unique feeding habits of the starfish evolved?
It's advantageous for the small animal to protrude it's stomach, as it is very slow moving and hard to reach prey. can't completely digest outside of the body, it brings the liquified remains into the cardiac stomach.
55
Why is the water vascular system important for the sea star?
In case it gets cut open somehow, it won't lose "blood" since it can reabsorb the water and survive.
56
What are some examples of selection pressures that may have lead to development of such a unique system of locomotion?
It doesn't have hands to move or grab prey.
57
What are the dermal bramchiae used for?
Exchange of gases, respiration, circulation
58
What are the pedicellariae used for?
protection and cleaning
59
What is the cardiac stomach used for?
envelope the prey and break them down
60
What are the tube feet used for?
Retrieving food, locomotion, circulation, gas exchange
61
1
cardiac stomach
62
2
madreporite
63
3
eyespot
64
4
ampullae
65
5
ambulacral ridge
66
6
podia
67
7
gonads
68
8
pyloric ceca
69
9
pyloric stomach
70
1
madreporite
71
2
stone canal
72
3
ring canal
73
4
radial canal
74
5
ampullae
75
6
lateral canal
76
true or false evolution occurs in individuals
false, populations
77
true or false evolution occurs for a defined purpose or goal
false
78
true or false evolution perfects organisms
FALSE
79
true or false because evolution is driven by mutations it's a random process
FALSE
80
true or false genetic drift can cause adaptions
FALSE
81
true or false genetic drift is random =not a mechanism of evolution
false
82
true or false natural selection is synonymous with evolution
false
83
true or false does natural selection act on genotype as genes are inherited
false, environment determines what is passed on
84
can evolution occur WITH variability and selectivity but NOT heritability
NO
85
can evolution occur WITH variability and heritability but NOT selectivity
YES

Biology 1020 Lab (11 decks)

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