Lab 6 - Seed plants Flashcards
1
Q
the sporophyte makes _____ by ____
A
spores by meiosis
2
Q
the spores make ___ by ____
A
gametophytes by mitosis
3
Q
the gametophyte makes ____ by ____
A
gametes by mitosis
4
Q
the gametes make _____ by ____
A
a zygote by syngamy
5
Q
the zygote makes ____ by _____
A
sporophyte by mitosis
6
Q
plant adaptions for dry land
A
- reduction of gametophyte
- heterospory - ovule and pollen
- seeds
7
Q
where is the gametophyte found in seed plants
A
the sporangia
8
Q
why is the gametophyte in the sporangia
A
- protection against drought and UV
- nutrients from sporophyte
9
Q
the ovule has the _____ (megaspore or microspore) retained within _____ which produces______ (female or male gametophyte) which produces _____ (egg or sperm)
A
- megaspore
- sporophyte
- female gametophyte
- egg cell
10
Q
pollen
A
designed to be dispersed from parent plant to ovule
11
Q
what is the protective coat
A
seeds
12
Q
what is the food supply for embryo
A
seed
13
Q
seeds are the _____
A
fertilized ovule
14
Q
what three things make up a seed
A
- embryo
- food supply
- protective coat
15
Q
where is the protective coat of the seed derived from
A
integument
16
Q
gymnosperms are “_____”
A
naked seeds
17
Q
four phyla of gymnosperms
A
- Cycadophyta
- Gnetophyta
- Ginkgophyta
- Coniferophyta
18
Q
what phyla is this
A
Gnetophyta
19
Q
A
Gnetophyta
20
Q
A
Coniferophyta
21
Q
A
Ginkgophyta
22
Q
A
Cycadophyta
23
Q
Angiosperms have ____ and ____
A
flowers and fruit
24
Q
the largest clades of angiosperms
A
- monocots
- eudicots
25
Angiosperm phylum
Anthophyta
26
monocot flower
27
eudicot flower
28
eudicot leaf
29
monocot leaf
30
monocot stem
31
eudicot stem
32
eudicot root
33
monocot root
34
monocot seed
35
eudicot seed
36
angiosperm seed dispersal is
biotic and abiotic
37
male or female cones
female
38
male or female cones
male
39
what makes up a male cone
male strobili composed of microsporophylls and microsporangia
40
where are microsporangia found in the male cone
underside of the microsporophyll
41
products of meiosis in male cones
haploid cells that mature into pollen grains
42
are antheridia present in conifer pollen
NO
43
what seed plant has Micky mouse ears on their pollen
gymnosperms
44
the Micky mouse ears on gymnosperm pollen aids
in dispersal
45
gymnosperm or angiosperm pollen
gymnosperm
46
female or male cone
female
47
male or female cone
male
48
where are megasporangia found on female cones
on top of the megasporophyll/scale
49
what produces the megagametophyte in cones
the megaspore
50
how does the megaspore make the megagametophyte in cones
mitosis
51
how many ovule per scale on female cone
2
52
ovule consists of
1. integument
2. megasporangium
3. megaspore
53
megaspore divides ____ to form the ____
mitotically and megagametophyte
54
are the archegonia still present in gymnosperms
YES
55
are pine "nuts" real nuts
NO- they are the seed
56
megagametophyte is ____ (haploid or diploid)
haploid
57
what nourishes the growing embryo
megagametophyte tissue
58
A
Ovule
59
B
ovary
60
C
style
61
D
Stigma
62
E
pistil (carpel)
63
F
anther
64
G
stamen
65
H
filament
66
I
sepals
67
J
petals
68
an ovary is inferior when it's
below the base of the petals
69
an ovary is superior when its
above the base of the petals
70
how many pollen cells do angiosperms have
2
71
what are the two cells of the angiosperm pollen
1. generative cell
2. tube/vegetative cell
72
generative cell function
divides mitotically to produce two sperm cells (one for the egg and one for polar nuclei)
73
tube cell function
will engulf generative cells and form a tube to the egg in ovary
74
how does the megagametophyte result
from mitotic divisions of the megaspore
75
is the archegonia recognizable in angiosperms
NO
76
all seed plants are ____ (hetero or homosporous)
heterosporous
77
what generation is dominant
sporophyte
78
is water needed for fertilization
NO - male gametes are in pollen grain
79
what do gymnosperms use for transportation and protection of male gametes
pollen grains
80
what does the seed develop and mature in gymnosperms
cone like structure (strobili)
81
what phyla of gymnosperms thrived during age of dinosaurs
cycadophyta
82
most abundant gymnosperm phyla
coniferophyta
83
what is the site of meiosis in male cone
microsporangia
84
____ develop into ____ in male cones
microspores and pollen grains
85
how many cells make up pollen grain in gymnosperms
4 cells
86
4 cells of gymnosperm pollen grain
1. tube cell
2. generative cell
3. prothallial (sterile cells) x2
87
tube cell *gymnosperm function
growth of the pollen tube
88
generative cell (gymnosperm) function
divide to produce two sperm cells
89
prothallium cells (gymnosperm) function
the remains of the vegetative body of the male gametophyte
90
where are megasporangia born in ovulate cone
upper surface of scale
91
what sits above a bract in ovulate cone
scale
92
how many ovules are present one each scale
2
93
how does fertilized egg (zygote) become embryo in gymnosperms
mitosis
94
what surrounds embryo in gymnosperms
female gametophyte tissue
95
integument develops into
seed coat
96
the embryo is a part of the ___ generation
sporophyte
97
what has dicots in angiosperms become known as
paraphyletic
98
most angiosperms are considered
hermaphroditic
99
how can sexual reproduction occur in angiosperms
1. self-fertilization
2. cross-pollination
100
flower function
reproduction
101
what is each whorl of flowers derived from
leaves
102
outside whorl
sepals
103
petals function
attraction of pollinators
104
second whorl
petals
105
thrid whorl
stamen
106
parts of stamen
filaments and anther
107
stamens develop from
microsporophyll
108
fourth whorl (innermost)
carpel
109
parts of the carpel
1. stigma
2. style
3. ovary
110
stigma is made from
megasporophyll
111
microspores are produced by
meiosis
112
anther is derived from
microsporangium
113
what develops into pollen grains in anther
microspores
114
what are pollen grains in angiosperms made from
2 cells - tube cell and generative cell
115
what attaches the ovule to the ovary
the funiculus
116
how are four haploid nuclei produced in angiosperm ovules
diploid meiocyte in megasporangium divides meiotically
117
how many times does one angiosperm nuclei undergo mitosis and what is the result
three times for eight haploid nuclei and 7 cells
118
what makes up the embryo sac
the nuclei created after the one haploid nuclei undergoes mitosis 3 times
119
embryo sac is also known as
female gametophyte
120
how many sperm are delivered to embryo sac
2
121
______ and _____ has the potential to become a seed after fertilization
embryo sac and integuments
122
double fertilization
1. one sperm fuses with an egg = zygote
2. one sperm fuses with two polar nuclei = endosperm
123
what is a function of endosperm
nutrition for the developing embryo
124
seed =
fertilized ovule
125
fruit =
ovary
126
cotyledons function
food storage tissue until the seed can do photosynthesis
127
plumule
top of the embryo
128
plumule function
first set of true leaves
129
radicle
embryonic root
130
what is the wall of the fruit known as
pericarp
131
true fruits
one or more ovaries
132
accessory fruits
incorporate other floral parts in addition to the ovary
133
fruits can be either
fleshy or dry
134
dry fruits
remain intact at maturity or split apart
135
examples of dry fruit
pea, beans and legumes
136
fleshy fruits
layers of fleshy tissue surrounding the seed
137
fleshy fruits examples
1. berries
2. dupes
138
berries
fruits with many seeds (grapes, bananas, tomatoes)
139
drupes
1. one large seed (peaches, almonds or olives
140
berries are drupes are ____ (true or accessory)
true
141
pomes (apples and pears)
accessory fruits
142
A
cotyledon
143
B
plumule
144
C
radicle
145
A
antipodals
146
B
polar nuceli
147
C
synergids
148
D
egg
149
E
integuments
150
F
Funiculus
151
A
tube cell
152
B
generative cell
153
A
integument
154
B
megagametophyte
155
C
megasporangium
156
A
megasporangium wall
157
B
megaspore mother cell
158
C
integuments
159
D
micropyle
160
E
funiculus
161
A
anther sac
162
B
pollen grains
163
C
tube cell
164
D
generative cell
165
A
micropyle
166
B
integument (JUST ONE)
167
C
archegonia
168
D
megasporangium wall
169
E
female gametophyte
170
A
tube cell and nucleus
171
B
generative cell and nucleus
172
C
prothallium
