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Biology 1020 Lab > Lab 6 - Seed plants > Flashcards

Lab 6 - Seed plants Flashcards

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1
Q

the sporophyte makes _____ by ____

A

spores by meiosis

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2
Q

the spores make ___ by ____

A

gametophytes by mitosis

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3
Q

the gametophyte makes ____ by ____

A

gametes by mitosis

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4
Q

the gametes make _____ by ____

A

a zygote by syngamy

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5
Q

the zygote makes ____ by _____

A

sporophyte by mitosis

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6
Q

plant adaptions for dry land

A
  1. reduction of gametophyte
  2. heterospory - ovule and pollen
  3. seeds
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7
Q

where is the gametophyte found in seed plants

A

the sporangia

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8
Q

why is the gametophyte in the sporangia

A
  1. protection against drought and UV
  2. nutrients from sporophyte
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9
Q

the ovule has the _____ (megaspore or microspore) retained within _____ which produces______ (female or male gametophyte) which produces _____ (egg or sperm)

A
  1. megaspore
  2. sporophyte
  3. female gametophyte
  4. egg cell
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10
Q

pollen

A

designed to be dispersed from parent plant to ovule

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11
Q

what is the protective coat

A

seeds

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12
Q

what is the food supply for embryo

A

seed

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13
Q

seeds are the _____

A

fertilized ovule

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14
Q

what three things make up a seed

A
  1. embryo
  2. food supply
  3. protective coat
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15
Q

where is the protective coat of the seed derived from

A

integument

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16
Q

gymnosperms are “_____”

A

naked seeds

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17
Q

four phyla of gymnosperms

A
  1. Cycadophyta
  2. Gnetophyta
  3. Ginkgophyta
  4. Coniferophyta
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18
Q

what phyla is this

A

Gnetophyta

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19
Q
A

Gnetophyta

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20
Q
A

Coniferophyta

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21
Q
A

Ginkgophyta

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22
Q
A

Cycadophyta

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23
Q

Angiosperms have ____ and ____

A

flowers and fruit

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24
Q

the largest clades of angiosperms

A
  1. monocots
  2. eudicots
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25
Q

Angiosperm phylum

A

Anthophyta

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26
Q
A

monocot flower

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27
Q
A

eudicot flower

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28
Q
A

eudicot leaf

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29
Q
A

monocot leaf

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30
Q
A

monocot stem

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31
Q
A

eudicot stem

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32
Q
A

eudicot root

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33
Q
A

monocot root

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34
Q
A

monocot seed

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35
Q
A

eudicot seed

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36
Q

angiosperm seed dispersal is

A

biotic and abiotic

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37
Q

male or female cones

A

female

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38
Q

male or female cones

A

male

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39
Q

what makes up a male cone

A

male strobili composed of microsporophylls and microsporangia

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40
Q

where are microsporangia found in the male cone

A

underside of the microsporophyll

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41
Q

products of meiosis in male cones

A

haploid cells that mature into pollen grains

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42
Q

are antheridia present in conifer pollen

A

NO

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43
Q

what seed plant has Micky mouse ears on their pollen

A

gymnosperms

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44
Q

the Micky mouse ears on gymnosperm pollen aids

A

in dispersal

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45
Q

gymnosperm or angiosperm pollen

A

gymnosperm

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46
Q

female or male cone

A

female

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47
Q

male or female cone

A

male

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48
Q

where are megasporangia found on female cones

A

on top of the megasporophyll/scale

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49
Q

what produces the megagametophyte in cones

A

the megaspore

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50
Q

how does the megaspore make the megagametophyte in cones

A

mitosis

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51
Q

how many ovule per scale on female cone

A

2

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52
Q

ovule consists of

A
  1. integument
  2. megasporangium
  3. megaspore
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53
Q

megaspore divides ____ to form the ____

A

mitotically and megagametophyte

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54
Q

are the archegonia still present in gymnosperms

A

YES

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55
Q

are pine “nuts” real nuts

A

NO- they are the seed

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56
Q

megagametophyte is ____ (haploid or diploid)

A

haploid

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57
Q

what nourishes the growing embryo

A

megagametophyte tissue

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58
Q

A

A

Ovule

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59
Q

B

A

ovary

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60
Q

C

A

style

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61
Q

D

A

Stigma

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62
Q

E

A

pistil (carpel)

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63
Q

F

A

anther

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64
Q

G

A

stamen

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65
Q

H

A

filament

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66
Q

I

A

sepals

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67
Q

J

A

petals

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68
Q

an ovary is inferior when it’s

A

below the base of the petals

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69
Q

an ovary is superior when its

A

above the base of the petals

70
Q

how many pollen cells do angiosperms have

A

2

71
Q

what are the two cells of the angiosperm pollen

A
  1. generative cell
  2. tube/vegetative cell
72
Q

generative cell function

A

divides mitotically to produce two sperm cells (one for the egg and one for polar nuclei)

73
Q

tube cell function

A

will engulf generative cells and form a tube to the egg in ovary

74
Q

how does the megagametophyte result

A

from mitotic divisions of the megaspore

75
Q

is the archegonia recognizable in angiosperms

A

NO

76
Q

all seed plants are ____ (hetero or homosporous)

A

heterosporous

77
Q

what generation is dominant

A

sporophyte

78
Q

is water needed for fertilization

A

NO - male gametes are in pollen grain

79
Q

what do gymnosperms use for transportation and protection of male gametes

A

pollen grains

80
Q

what does the seed develop and mature in gymnosperms

A

cone like structure (strobili)

81
Q

what phyla of gymnosperms thrived during age of dinosaurs

A

cycadophyta

82
Q

most abundant gymnosperm phyla

A

coniferophyta

83
Q

what is the site of meiosis in male cone

A

microsporangia

84
Q

____ develop into ____ in male cones

A

microspores and pollen grains

85
Q

how many cells make up pollen grain in gymnosperms

A

4 cells

86
Q

4 cells of gymnosperm pollen grain

A
  1. tube cell
  2. generative cell
  3. prothallial (sterile cells) x2
87
Q

tube cell *gymnosperm function

A

growth of the pollen tube

88
Q

generative cell (gymnosperm) function

A

divide to produce two sperm cells

89
Q

prothallium cells (gymnosperm) function

A

the remains of the vegetative body of the male gametophyte

90
Q

where are megasporangia born in ovulate cone

A

upper surface of scale

91
Q

what sits above a bract in ovulate cone

A

scale

92
Q

how many ovules are present one each scale

A

2

93
Q

how does fertilized egg (zygote) become embryo in gymnosperms

A

mitosis

94
Q

what surrounds embryo in gymnosperms

A

female gametophyte tissue

95
Q

integument develops into

A

seed coat

96
Q

the embryo is a part of the ___ generation

A

sporophyte

97
Q

what has dicots in angiosperms become known as

A

paraphyletic

98
Q

most angiosperms are considered

A

hermaphroditic

99
Q

how can sexual reproduction occur in angiosperms

A
  1. self-fertilization
  2. cross-pollination
100
Q

flower function

A

reproduction

101
Q

what is each whorl of flowers derived from

A

leaves

102
Q

outside whorl

A

sepals

103
Q

petals function

A

attraction of pollinators

104
Q

second whorl

A

petals

105
Q

thrid whorl

A

stamen

106
Q

parts of stamen

A

filaments and anther

107
Q

stamens develop from

A

microsporophyll

108
Q

fourth whorl (innermost)

A

carpel

109
Q

parts of the carpel

A
  1. stigma
  2. style
  3. ovary
110
Q

stigma is made from

A

megasporophyll

111
Q

microspores are produced by

A

meiosis

112
Q

anther is derived from

A

microsporangium

113
Q

what develops into pollen grains in anther

A

microspores

114
Q

what are pollen grains in angiosperms made from

A

2 cells - tube cell and generative cell

115
Q

what attaches the ovule to the ovary

A

the funiculus

116
Q

how are four haploid nuclei produced in angiosperm ovules

A

diploid meiocyte in megasporangium divides meiotically

117
Q

how many times does one angiosperm nuclei undergo mitosis and what is the result

A

three times for eight haploid nuclei and 7 cells

118
Q

what makes up the embryo sac

A

the nuclei created after the one haploid nuclei undergoes mitosis 3 times

119
Q

embryo sac is also known as

A

female gametophyte

120
Q

how many sperm are delivered to embryo sac

A

2

121
Q

______ and _____ has the potential to become a seed after fertilization

A

embryo sac and integuments

122
Q

double fertilization

A
  1. one sperm fuses with an egg = zygote
  2. one sperm fuses with two polar nuclei = endosperm
123
Q

what is a function of endosperm

A

nutrition for the developing embryo

124
Q

seed =

A

fertilized ovule

125
Q

fruit =

A

ovary

126
Q

cotyledons function

A

food storage tissue until the seed can do photosynthesis

127
Q

plumule

A

top of the embryo

128
Q

plumule function

A

first set of true leaves

129
Q

radicle

A

embryonic root

130
Q

what is the wall of the fruit known as

A

pericarp

131
Q

true fruits

A

one or more ovaries

132
Q

accessory fruits

A

incorporate other floral parts in addition to the ovary

133
Q

fruits can be either

A

fleshy or dry

134
Q

dry fruits

A

remain intact at maturity or split apart

135
Q

examples of dry fruit

A

pea, beans and legumes

136
Q

fleshy fruits

A

layers of fleshy tissue surrounding the seed

137
Q

fleshy fruits examples

A
  1. berries
  2. dupes
138
Q

berries

A

fruits with many seeds (grapes, bananas, tomatoes)

139
Q

drupes

A
  1. one large seed (peaches, almonds or olives
140
Q

berries are drupes are ____ (true or accessory)

A

true

141
Q

pomes (apples and pears)

A

accessory fruits

142
Q

A

A

cotyledon

143
Q

B

A

plumule

144
Q

C

A

radicle

145
Q

A

A

antipodals

146
Q

B

A

polar nuceli

147
Q

C

A

synergids

148
Q

D

A

egg

149
Q

E

A

integuments

150
Q

F

A

Funiculus

151
Q

A

A

tube cell

152
Q

B

A

generative cell

153
Q

A

A

integument

154
Q

B

A

megagametophyte

155
Q

C

A

megasporangium

156
Q

A

A

megasporangium wall

157
Q

B

A

megaspore mother cell

158
Q

C

A

integuments

159
Q

D

A

micropyle

160
Q

E

A

funiculus

161
Q

A

A

anther sac

162
Q

B

A

pollen grains

163
Q

C

A

tube cell

164
Q

D

A

generative cell

165
Q

A

A

micropyle

166
Q

B

A

integument (JUST ONE)

167
Q

C

A

archegonia

168
Q

D

A

megasporangium wall

169
Q

E

A

female gametophyte

170
Q

A

A

tube cell and nucleus

171
Q

B

A

generative cell and nucleus

172
Q

C

A

prothallium

Biology 1020 Lab (11 decks)

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