Lab 5-7 review Flashcards
differentiate prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms
prokaryotic cells are single celled and they have no nucleus
eukaryotic cells are single celled or multicellular
name the method of locomotions of animal like protists
- using cilia
- pseudopodia
- flagella
- some don’t move at all
main characteristics or fungi
- heterotrophic
- non motile
- cell walls
- most are multicellular
- include decomposers, parasites or mutualistic symbionts
what causes the zone of inhibition and what can we conclude from them
zones of inhibition are caused by antibiotics and we can conclude a certain bacteria’s resistance/sensitivity to said antibiotic
cyanobacteria are photosynthetic, do they contain chloroplasts?
no, they have chlorophyll in their plasma membranes
what are the 5 general essentials of plants
- light
- carbon dioxide
- oxygen
- water
- some minerals
what are the 4 phyla of the plantae kingdom
- bryophyta
- pterophyta
- coniferophyta
- anthophyta
what are the mature sporophyte and reproductive structures of anthophyta (flowering plants)
mature sporophyte are the plant and trees
reproductive structures are the plants
what parts of the flower are included in the stamen (male section)
- anthers
- filaments
what parts of the flower are included in the carpel (female section)
- stigma
- style
- ovary
what is the function of sepal structure in flowering plants
to enclose and protect the bud before opening
what is the function of anther
serves as pollen sac which produces pollen grains containing male gametes
what is the function of a root
to help the plant absorb water and minerals as well as providing structural support
what is the function of endodermis
endodermis is the single layer of cell that controls the entry of water into the vascular bundle
what is the function of the cortex in roots
cortex are the bundles of large cells that stores starch
what is the function of the pericycle
single layer of cells that divide and give rise to lateral roots
what is the function of xylem
conduct water and mineral throughout plant and provides structural support
what is the function of phloem
transport organic food throughout the plant
differentiate palisade mesophyll and spongy mesophyll
palisade mesophyll
- cylindrically shaped cells just below upper epidermis, area of photosynthesis; many chloroplasts
spongy mesophyll
- irregularly shaped cells just below palisade with many air spaces between them
what is the function of stoma
allows gas exchange for photosynthesis and water evaporation
name three characteristics of xerophyte type leaves
- very thick cuticle
- stomata in sheltered pits lined by hairs
- palisade mesophyll cells are smaller and less numerous
- more than one layer of epidermal cells
name three characteristics that will help to distinguish mesophyte type leaves
- normal cuticle
- one layer of epidermal cells
- stomata in lower epidermis
name a few characteristics that will help distinguish hydrophyte type leaves
- very thin cuticle
- stomata in upper epidermis
- very large air chambers in spongy mesophyll to float
what are the two types of symmetry and how to distinguish between them
- radial symmetry
- doesn’t possess left/right side
- slicing through central axis divides the animal into mirror images - bilateral symmetry
- possess left/right side
- slicing through the animal laterally divides it into mirror images
name all phylum of invertebrate animals
- porifera
- cnidaria
- platyhelminthes
- nematoda
- annelida
- mollusca
- arthropoda
- echinodermata
what are the main characteristics of the phylum porifera
- mostly asymmetric
- no true tissue/organs
- filter feeders
what are the body of porifera composed of
spicules or proteinaceous fibers
what differentiates the two forms of cnidaria
polyp form
- mouth is on top
medusa form
- mouth is at the bottom
what are the defining characteristics of cnidaria
- radial symmetry
- 2 germ layers (endoderm and ectoderm)
- 2 body forms (medusa and polyp)
what are the three type of cells found in cnidaria
- nerve cells
- gland cells
- stinging cells
what are called the stinging cells in cnidaria
cnidocytes
how do we call it when a cnidarian exhibit both body forms
polymorphism
which body from do hydras exhibit
polyp
what type of cells are found on tentacles
cnidocytes
how does the polyp for differ from the medusa form in terms of mobility
the medusa form is more mobile and can swim, while they polyp holds onto and moves along surfaces
what are the defining characteristics of platyhelminthes
- bilateral symmetry
- no body cavity
- triploblastic
- cephalization
what do we mean when we say an organism exhibit cephalization
that all of its sensory organs are concentrated in the head region
what are the defining characteristics of nematodes
- triploblastic
- pseudocoelom
- complete digestive tract (one way)
- no segments and one end tapered
what are the defining characteristics of annalids
- segmented worms
- coelomate
- closed circulation
what are mollusks characterized by
- their muscular ventral foot
- dorsal visceral mass
- mantle
what is the purpose of the mantle in the phylum mollusca
to secrete protective shell
what are the three main groups in mollusks and do they have open or closed circulation
- snails, open
- clam/oysters, open
- squid/octopus, closed
what defining characteristics do arthropoda have
- hard jointed exoskeleton
- body divided in three regions (head, thorax, abdomen)
- open circulation
name the respiratory device of insects, the crayfish and spiders
insects: tracheal system
crayfish: feathery gills
spiders/scorpions: booklungs
how to tell the sex of a crayfish (looks like lobster)
male have small swimmerets below the abdomen region that female don’t
what are the defining characteristics of echinodermata
- adults have radial symmetry
- immature larvae have bilateral symmetry
- deuterostome
- water vascular system
- tube feet
key difference between protostome and deuterostome
protostome forms mouth from blastopore
deuterostome forms anus from blastopore
what is the unique feature to echinoderms
their water vascular system that they use for locomotion and grabbing food
how do echinoderms hold onto any surface
by applying suction with their tube feet
what are the defining characteristics of chordates
- presence of notochord (spine like supporting rod)
- hollow dorsal never cord
- pharyngeal slits
- post-anal tail
why is the epiglottis important
prevents choking by covering the glottis when swallowing
name three functions of the liver
- produces bile
- detoxify drugs and alcohol
- stores vitamins and minerals
what are the functions of small and large intestine
large - reabsorption of water and some nutrients and addition of mucous to waste
small - chemical digestion and absorption of nutrients
what are the functions of the pancreas
- production of pancreatic juice
- production of hormones for blood sugar regulation
what are the functions of the spleen
- blood storage
- phagocytosis of bacteria and worn out RBC
- embryological blood formation
explain filter feeding
water enters sponge body via pores, the flow of the water filters out the small organisms
what type of reproduction is in polyp and medusa
polyp - asexual
medusa - sexual
how does gas exchange occur in platyhelminthes
by diffusion across the body surface
how does paramecium, amoeba and chlamydomonas move
paramecium - cilia
amoeba - pseudopodia
chlamydomonas - flagella
define saprobe
organisms that decompose dead organic material
