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General Biology I > Lab 5-7 review > Flashcards

Lab 5-7 review Flashcards

1
Q

differentiate prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms

A

prokaryotic cells are single celled and they have no nucleus

eukaryotic cells are single celled or multicellular

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2
Q

name the method of locomotions of animal like protists

A
  1. using cilia
  2. pseudopodia
  3. flagella
  4. some don’t move at all
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3
Q

main characteristics or fungi

A
  • heterotrophic
  • non motile
  • cell walls
  • most are multicellular
  • include decomposers, parasites or mutualistic symbionts
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4
Q

what causes the zone of inhibition and what can we conclude from them

A

zones of inhibition are caused by antibiotics and we can conclude a certain bacteria’s resistance/sensitivity to said antibiotic

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5
Q

cyanobacteria are photosynthetic, do they contain chloroplasts?

A

no, they have chlorophyll in their plasma membranes

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6
Q

what are the 5 general essentials of plants

A
  • light
  • carbon dioxide
  • oxygen
  • water
  • some minerals
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7
Q

what are the 4 phyla of the plantae kingdom

A
  1. bryophyta
  2. pterophyta
  3. coniferophyta
  4. anthophyta
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8
Q

what are the mature sporophyte and reproductive structures of anthophyta (flowering plants)

A

mature sporophyte are the plant and trees

reproductive structures are the plants

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9
Q

what parts of the flower are included in the stamen (male section)

A
  • anthers
  • filaments
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10
Q

what parts of the flower are included in the carpel (female section)

A
  • stigma
  • style
  • ovary
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11
Q

what is the function of sepal structure in flowering plants

A

to enclose and protect the bud before opening

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12
Q

what is the function of anther

A

serves as pollen sac which produces pollen grains containing male gametes

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13
Q

what is the function of a root

A

to help the plant absorb water and minerals as well as providing structural support

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14
Q

what is the function of endodermis

A

endodermis is the single layer of cell that controls the entry of water into the vascular bundle

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14
Q

what is the function of the cortex in roots

A

cortex are the bundles of large cells that stores starch

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15
Q

what is the function of the pericycle

A

single layer of cells that divide and give rise to lateral roots

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16
Q

what is the function of xylem

A

conduct water and mineral throughout plant and provides structural support

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17
Q

what is the function of phloem

A

transport organic food throughout the plant

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18
Q

differentiate palisade mesophyll and spongy mesophyll

A

palisade mesophyll
- cylindrically shaped cells just below upper epidermis, area of photosynthesis; many chloroplasts

spongy mesophyll
- irregularly shaped cells just below palisade with many air spaces between them

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19
Q

what is the function of stoma

A

allows gas exchange for photosynthesis and water evaporation

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20
Q

name three characteristics of xerophyte type leaves

A
  • very thick cuticle
  • stomata in sheltered pits lined by hairs
  • palisade mesophyll cells are smaller and less numerous
  • more than one layer of epidermal cells
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21
Q

name three characteristics that will help to distinguish mesophyte type leaves

A
  • normal cuticle
  • one layer of epidermal cells
  • stomata in lower epidermis
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22
Q

name a few characteristics that will help distinguish hydrophyte type leaves

A
  • very thin cuticle
  • stomata in upper epidermis
  • very large air chambers in spongy mesophyll to float
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23
Q

what are the two types of symmetry and how to distinguish between them

A
  1. radial symmetry
    - doesn’t possess left/right side
    - slicing through central axis divides the animal into mirror images
  2. bilateral symmetry
    - possess left/right side
    - slicing through the animal laterally divides it into mirror images
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24
name all phylum of invertebrate animals
1. porifera 2. cnidaria 3. platyhelminthes 4. nematoda 5. annelida 6. mollusca 7. arthropoda 8. echinodermata
25
what are the main characteristics of the phylum porifera
- mostly asymmetric - no true tissue/organs - filter feeders
26
what are the body of porifera composed of
spicules or proteinaceous fibers
27
what differentiates the two forms of cnidaria
polyp form - mouth is on top medusa form - mouth is at the bottom
28
what are the defining characteristics of cnidaria
- radial symmetry - 2 germ layers (endoderm and ectoderm) - 2 body forms (medusa and polyp)
29
what are the three type of cells found in cnidaria
1. nerve cells 2. gland cells 3. stinging cells
30
what are called the stinging cells in cnidaria
cnidocytes
31
how do we call it when a cnidarian exhibit both body forms
polymorphism
32
which body from do hydras exhibit
polyp
33
what type of cells are found on tentacles
cnidocytes
34
how does the polyp for differ from the medusa form in terms of mobility
the medusa form is more mobile and can swim, while they polyp holds onto and moves along surfaces
35
what are the defining characteristics of platyhelminthes
- bilateral symmetry - no body cavity - triploblastic - cephalization
36
what do we mean when we say an organism exhibit cephalization
that all of its sensory organs are concentrated in the head region
37
what are the defining characteristics of nematodes
- triploblastic - pseudocoelom - complete digestive tract (one way) - no segments and one end tapered
38
what are the defining characteristics of annalids
- segmented worms - coelomate - closed circulation
39
what are mollusks characterized by
- their muscular ventral foot - dorsal visceral mass - mantle
40
what is the purpose of the mantle in the phylum mollusca
to secrete protective shell
41
what are the three main groups in mollusks and do they have open or closed circulation
- snails, open - clam/oysters, open - squid/octopus, closed
42
what defining characteristics do arthropoda have
- hard jointed exoskeleton - body divided in three regions (head, thorax, abdomen) - open circulation
43
name the respiratory device of insects, the crayfish and spiders
insects: tracheal system crayfish: feathery gills spiders/scorpions: booklungs
44
how to tell the sex of a crayfish (looks like lobster)
male have small swimmerets below the abdomen region that female don't
45
what are the defining characteristics of echinodermata
- adults have radial symmetry - immature larvae have bilateral symmetry - deuterostome - water vascular system - tube feet
46
key difference between protostome and deuterostome
protostome forms mouth from blastopore deuterostome forms anus from blastopore
47
what is the unique feature to echinoderms
their water vascular system that they use for locomotion and grabbing food
48
how do echinoderms hold onto any surface
by applying suction with their tube feet
49
what are the defining characteristics of chordates
- presence of notochord (spine like supporting rod) - hollow dorsal never cord - pharyngeal slits - post-anal tail
50
why is the epiglottis important
prevents choking by covering the glottis when swallowing
51
name three functions of the liver
- produces bile - detoxify drugs and alcohol - stores vitamins and minerals
52
what are the functions of small and large intestine
large - reabsorption of water and some nutrients and addition of mucous to waste small - chemical digestion and absorption of nutrients
53
what are the functions of the pancreas
1. production of pancreatic juice 2. production of hormones for blood sugar regulation
54
what are the functions of the spleen
1. blood storage 2. phagocytosis of bacteria and worn out RBC 3. embryological blood formation
55
explain filter feeding
water enters sponge body via pores, the flow of the water filters out the small organisms
56
what type of reproduction is in polyp and medusa
polyp - asexual medusa - sexual
57
how does gas exchange occur in platyhelminthes
by diffusion across the body surface
58
how does paramecium, amoeba and chlamydomonas move
paramecium - cilia amoeba - pseudopodia chlamydomonas - flagella
59
define saprobe
organisms that decompose dead organic material

General Biology I (11 decks)

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