Chapter 2.1 At the molecular level Flashcards
what is the dna nucleotide made of
a nitrogenous base (T,A,C,G) + sugar (deoxyribose) + phosphate
what is the name of the sugar in dna
deoxyribose
what is the nitrogenous base attached to in dna
1st carbon of sugar
how do we describe two strands of dna’s relation to each other
antiparallel
what are we referring to when we mention 5’ or 3’ (in structure of dna)
we referring to the 5th and the 3rd carbon on sugar
what are the pyrimidines
- includes C, T (in dna) and U (in rna)
- ONE ring
what are the purines
- includes A and G
- TWO rings fused together
why can we only pair up purine with pyrimidine and not 2 purines or 2 pyrimidines
purine + pyrimidine results in uniform diameter to dna ladder
2 purines = too wide
2 pyrimidines = too narrow
what are the variations in shape and functions of RNA
- mRNA
messenger rna, contains protein building instructions
-tRNA
binds AUG to mrna and has anticodon to AUG
- rRNA
what is broken in order for dna replication to occur
the h bonds between bases
what chromosome shape does prokaryotes and eukaryotes have
prokaryotes have circular chromosomes
eukaryotes have linear chromosomes
what are the two main parts in gene expression
- transcription (DNA to RNA)
- translation (RNA to protein)
explain transcription
- synthesis of rna using info in dna
- dna strand provides template for making another dna strand during replication
- nucleic acids written in similar languages
explain translation
- synthesis of polypeptide using information in mRNA
- change in language: nucleotides of mRNA to amino acids of polypeptide
what are codons
triplets of nucleotide bases
